Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Bazen bir şeyin fazla olduğunu söylemek istersin: "This coffee is too hot." Bazen yeterli olduğunu: "The room is big enough." Bazen de bir sıfatı vurgulamak istersin: "The film was so boring!" Sounds much more natural, right? İşte bu dört küçük kelime — too, enough, so ve such — cümlelerine tam olarak bu tadı verir.
Bu bölümde dört yapıyı öğreneceğiz: too (aşırılık: gereğinden fazla), enough (yeterlilik), so (sıfatı vurgular) ve such (isim öbeğini vurgular). Then we will learn the exact difference between them, because Turkish speakers often mix them up. Adım adım gidelim.
too, bir şeyin gereğinden fazla olduğunu söyler ve içinde her zaman bir problem vardır. "Çok" değil, "aşırı / fazla" diye düşün: "too hot" = içilemeyecek kadar sıcak. It always comes before the adjective or adverb:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe mantığı |
|---|---|---|
| too + sıfat | The bag is too heavy. | taşınamayacak kadar ağır |
| too + zarf | You drive too fast. | tehlikeli olacak kadar hızlı |
| too + sıfat + to | It's too cold to swim. | yüzülemeyecek kadar soğuk |
| too much + sayılamayan | There is too much salt. | fazla tuz (sayılamaz) |
| too many + sayılabilen | There are too many cars. | fazla araba (sayılabilir) |
enough, "yeterince" demektir. En kritik nokta yeri: sıfat/zarfın SONRASINA, ama ismin ÖNÜNE gelir. Türkçedeki tek "yeterince" kelimesi İngilizcede iki farklı yerde durur:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| sıfat + enough | The room is big enough. | yeterince büyük (enough SONRA) |
| zarf + enough | He runs fast enough. | yeterince hızlı |
| enough + isim | We have enough chairs. | yeterince sandalye (enough ÖNCE) |
| sıfat + enough + to | She is old enough to drive. | araba sürebilecek kadar büyük |
İkisi de miktarla ilgilidir ama zıt yöndedir. too = fazla (problem var); enough = tam yeterli (sorun yok); not enough = az (yetersiz). Aynı durumu üç şekilde de söyleyebilirsin:
| Durum | Cümle | Anlamı |
|---|---|---|
| fazla | The coffee is too hot. | İçemem — aşırı sıcak. |
| yeterli | The coffee is hot enough. | Tam iyi — içebilirim. |
| az | The coffee is not hot enough. | Soğuk — biraz daha ısınsın. |
so, "o kadar / çok" demektir ve bir sıfatı ya da zarfı güçlendirir. Yanında isim yoktur. Sık sık "so + sıfat + that" (o kadar ... ki) kalıbında görürsün:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| so + sıfat | The film was so long. | Film çok uzundu. |
| so + zarf | She sings so well. | O kadar güzel şarkı söylüyor. |
| so + sıfat + that | It was so cold that we left. | O kadar soğuktu ki gittik. |
| so much / so many | I have so much work. | O kadar çok işim var ki. |
such de "öyle / o kadar" demektir, ama yanında bir isim vardır. Yapı: such + a/an + (sıfat) + tekil isim. Çoğul ya da sayılamayan isimde "a/an" düşer:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| such + a + sıfat + tekil | It was such a good film. | Öyle güzel bir filmdi ki. |
| such an + sıfat + tekil | She is such an honest girl. | Öyle dürüst bir kız ki. |
| such + sıfat + çoğul | They are such kind people. | Öyle nazik insanlar ki (a yok). |
| such + sıfat + that | It was such a hot day that we stayed in. | O kadar sıcak bir gündü ki içeride kaldık. |
Türkçe konuşanların too / enough / so / such ile en sık yaptığı hatalar aşağıda. Özellikle so (sıfatla) ile such (isimle) ve enough'un yerine dikkat et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| The tea is enough hot. | The tea is hot enough. | enough sıfattan SONRA gelir. |
| We don't have money enough. | We don't have enough money. | enough isimden ÖNCE gelir. |
| It was so a nice day. | It was such a nice day. | İsim varsa such (so değil). |
| The people are such nice. | The people are so nice. | İsim yok, sadece sıfat → so. |
| This soup is too much spicy. | This soup is too spicy. | Sıfattan önce "too" (too much değil). |
| She is such a kind. / such kind woman. | She is such a kind woman. | such + a + sıfat + tekil isim. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Two friends talk about a new room. Koyu yazılan too / enough / so / such yapılarına dikkat ederek iki kez oku:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then use too, enough, so and such in your own sentences. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra too / enough / so / such'ı kendi cümlelerinde kullan.)
Write 8 sentences about things around you (food, your room, the weather, your school...). Use at least 8 of the words above. (Çevrendeki şeyler hakkında 8 cümle yaz. Yukarıdaki kelimelerden en az 8'ini kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Before you read, think about these three questions (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler): noisy · warm · delicious · tired · full · thirsty · too · enough · so · such
Planning a party is never easy. Last week, Emir wanted to have such a big birthday party that he invited his whole class. "This is going to be so much fun!" he said. But he soon learned that a good party needs careful planning, because it is easy to have too much of one thing and not enough of another.
Emir was turning ten, and he was so excited that he could not sleep. He made such a long list of guests that his mother laughed. "Twenty children?" she said. "That is too many for our small living room!" But Emir was so happy that he did not want to say no to anyone.
On the morning of the party, the family started to cook. Emir's father made too much cake — three big cakes, in fact. "Nobody can eat so much cake," his mother said. There was so much food on the table that there was hardly enough room for the plates. But there was one big problem: there were not enough chairs.
When the guests arrived, the living room was so full that some children had to sit on the floor. "There aren't enough chairs!" Emir said. His little sister, Ada, had such a clever idea. "Let's bring the garden chairs," she said. Soon there were just enough seats for everyone, and Emir felt calm again.
The party was so noisy that the neighbours could hear it. The children played such fun games that nobody wanted to stop. But the room was too hot inside, so Emir opened the windows. "It's much better now," he said. "The room was too warm before."
Then it was time for the cake. There was so much cake that everyone ate two pieces, and there was still some left. "This cake is so delicious," said Emir's best friend, Can. "I'm too full to move!" Everybody laughed, because the table was still full of sweets and fruit.
Not everything was perfect, though. Emir had bought too many balloons but not enough drinks. Some children were still thirsty, so his mother quickly made lemonade. "Next time," she said kindly, "we will buy enough drinks for everyone." Emir nodded. He was learning that planning is not so easy after all.
The best part of the party was the music. Emir's uncle brought his guitar, and he played such happy songs that all the children started to dance. The living room was too small for twenty dancers, but nobody cared. It was such a joyful afternoon that Emir forgot all the small problems.
At the end of the day, the guests were tired but happy. There was too much cake to finish, so Emir gave a piece to each child to take home. "Thank you for such a lovely party," they said. Emir smiled. He had made a few mistakes, but the party was still a big success.
That evening, Emir was too tired to tidy up, so the whole family helped. "It was such a good day," he told his mother. "But next year, I will invite fewer children — and buy enough chairs!" His mother laughed. "You have learned an important lesson," she said. "A little planning is enough to make a big difference."
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Complete the sentences with too, enough, so or such from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki doğru kelimeyle tamamla: too / enough / so / such.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. Why did Emir's mother think twenty children was a problem?
2. What was the big problem when the guests arrived, and how did Ada solve it?
3. What lesson did Emir learn at the end?
Metinde too, enough, so ve such yapılarını bul — her biri birden çok kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu yapıları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
Play a reaction game, then do the extra practice quiz. (Bir tepki oyunu oyna, sonra ekstra alıştırma testini yap.)
Bir kişi bir durum söyler, diğeri too / enough / so / such ile tepki verir. A says a situation; B reacts with the right structure. Önce örnek diyaloğa bak:
Şimdi sıra sende. Say a sentence about each of these out loud using too, enough, so or such — sesli olarak. Mümkünse bir arkadaşınla oyna. Amaç: yapıları rahatça kullanabilmek.
Söylediğin cümleleri yazıya dök ve öğretmenine gönder — istersen. (Write down your sentences and submit them for feedback — optional.) 4-6 cümle, her birinde too / enough / so / such kullan.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your speaking task.)
10 questions on too, enough, so and such mixed. (10 soru: karışık too / enough / so / such.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Write and submit your paragraph; your teacher will review it. (Paragrafını yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Sadece "good", "bad", "big" demek bir yazıyı düz bırakır. What makes writing sound natural and mature is words like too, enough, so and such: bir şeyin fazla mı, yeterli mi olduğunu söyler, duyguyu vurgularlar. Bir de bağlaçları (and, but, because, when...) eklersen, yazın gerçek bir metne dönüşür.
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Düz cümleler ✗ | too / enough / so / such ile ✓ |
|---|---|
| My flat is small. It is a bit cold. My town is nice. I like it. | My flat is too small for all my toys, and it isn't warm enough in winter, but my town is such a nice place that I don't want to leave. |
A2 boyunca öğrendiğin bağlaçlar. This is your toolbox — bunları too / enough / so / such ile birlikte kullan:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| and | ve | It is small and too dark. |
| but | ama | The flat is small but warm enough. |
| because | çünkü | I love the library because it is so quiet. |
| when | -diğinde | It is too cold when winter comes. |
| after | -den sonra | I was so tired after the trip. |
Write about your home and your town. (Evini ve yaşadığın şehri/kasabayı anlat.) Use too, enough, so and such.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Bu, A2 seviyesinin son ünitesiydi. Geçmiş zamanlardan geleceğe, karşılaştırmalardan koşul cümlelerine ve şimdi too / enough / so / such yapılarına kadar 12 ünitenin tamamını tamamladın. Artık fazlalığı, yeterliliği ve vurguyu çok daha doğal cümlelerle anlatabilirsin. Sıradaki durak: B1. Emeğin için kendini kutla ve öğrenmeye devam et.
Genel İngilizce'ye Dön & B1'e Bak ›Oturum kontrol ediliyor...