Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Geçen ünitede Past Simple ile biten olayları anlattın: "I watched a film." Now we need a tense for a different idea: an action that was in progress at a moment in the past — o an sürüyor, henüz bitmemiş. Buna Past Continuous denir. Bir filmi düşün: Past Simple fotoğraftır (olay oldu, bitti), Past Continuous ise videodur (olay o an akıyordu).
Bu bölümde önce was / were + fiil-ing yapısını kuracağız. Then we will use while and when, and we will compare Past Continuous with Past Simple — iki zamanın birlikte kullanıldığı kesinti (interruption) kalıbını göreceğiz. Adım adım gidelim.
Past Continuous iki parçadan oluşur: be fiilinin geçmişi (was / were) + ana fiilin -ing hâli. The subject decides was or were — özne was mı were mi seçer.
| Özne | be (geçmiş) | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / he / she / it | was + -ing | She was doing her homework. | Ödevini yapıyordu. |
| you / we / they | were + -ing | They were playing outside. | Dışarıda oynuyorlardı. |
| Tür | Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Olumlu | özne + was/were + fiil-ing | I was reading a book. |
| Olumsuz | özne + wasn't/weren't + fiil-ing | I wasn't reading a book. |
| Soru | Was/Were + özne + fiil-ing? | Were you reading a book? |
Past Continuous, geçmişte belirli bir anda devam eden bir eylemi anlatır. These time markers point to that exact moment:
| İfade | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| at 8 o'clock | saat 8'de | At 8 o'clock, I was having dinner. |
| this time yesterday | dün bu saatlerde | This time yesterday, we were flying. |
| all morning / all day | bütün sabah / gün | It was raining all morning. |
| while | -irken | While she was cooking... |
Bu ünitenin kalbi while ve when. İkisi de olayları birbirine bağlar ama farklı fiillerle çalışır. Öğren:
| Bağlaç | Yanına gelen zaman | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| while (-irken) | genelde Past Continuous (süren eylem) | While I was walking, I met a friend. |
| when (-diğinde) | genelde Past Simple (kısa, ani olay) | I met a friend when I arrived. |
En sık kullanılan yapı budur. A long action was in progress (Past Continuous) when a short action interrupted it (Past Simple). Uzun eylem arka plandır; kısa eylem onu keser.
Türkçe konuşanların Past Continuous'ta en sık yaptığı hatalar. Kendi cümlelerini bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| They was playing. | They were playing. | you/we/they → were. |
| I was play football. | I was playing football. | was/were'den sonra fiil -ing alır. |
| When it rained, I was walk. | When it rained, I was walking. | süren eylem = was + -ing. |
| While I was cook, the bell rang. | While I was cooking, the bell rang. | while + Past Continuous. |
| I was knowing the answer. | I knew the answer. | know, want, like gibi fiiller -ing almaz. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. A teacher asks a student about a small accident in the playground. Koyu yazılan Past Continuous ve Past Simple yapılarına dikkat ederek iki kez oku:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then tell a past story with them. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra onlarla geçmiş bir olay anlat.)
Tell the story of a past event in 8 sentences. Use at least 8 of the words above. (Geçmişte olan bir olayı 8 cümlede anlat. Yukarıdaki kelimelerden en az 8'ini kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your speaking task.)
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Before you read, think about these three questions (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler): suddenly · moment · noise · waiting · raining · quietly · crowd
Green Hill School is a small school on a green hill, and story time is the favourite part of the week for many children. That week the weather was cold and grey, and dark clouds were sitting over the town. The teachers were expecting an ordinary week, and nobody imagined that a quiet Tuesday would become a story to remember for years.
Green Hill School was quite old, and everyone knew that the electricity sometimes stopped in bad weather. The teachers always kept a torch in the office, just in case. On that grey Tuesday, nobody was really worried, because the school had a simple plan for difficult days like this one.
Last Tuesday started like any normal day at Green Hill School, but it did not stay normal for long. At nine o'clock, Miss Aylin was making tea in the small kitchen while a student, Can, was reading his story book. Outside, the rain was falling heavily, and the sky was very dark.
Suddenly, the lights went out. When the power failed, Miss Aylin was pouring hot water into her cup, and she almost dropped it. In the classroom, Mr. Kaya was showing a new picture to a visiting author when the lights went black. For a moment, everybody stopped and listened to the noise of the rain.
Near the big window, two younger children were drawing pictures of the storm, and they were giggling in the dark. Some students were feeling a little afraid, but most of them were excited too. The wind was pushing against the glass, and the old clock on the wall was ticking loudly in the quiet room.
While the class was waiting for the electricity, something good happened. Deniz, one of the students, found some old candles in a cupboard. So the children put the candles on the table, and they continued the story time in soft, warm light. The author was smiling because the room looked calm and cosy.
While the candles were burning softly, the author began a new part of his story. He was reading in a calm, warm voice, and the children were listening with big eyes. Outside, the rain was still falling, but inside the classroom everyone felt cosy and safe together.
Twenty minutes later, while everyone was talking quietly, the lights came back on. The author said, 'This was the nicest school visit of my life!' He liked the class, and he signed the children's books before he left.
After the author went home, the children cleaned the room and laughed about the strange morning. It was not a normal Tuesday, but it was a day that nobody at Green Hill School forgot.
In the days after that morning, the children often talked about the candles and the heavy rain. Their parents smiled when they heard the story at home, and even the head teacher said it was a special day. Everyone learned that a dark, rainy morning can sometimes turn into something warm and bright.
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Complete the sentences with the correct past form from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki doğru geçmiş yapıyla tamamla.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. What were Miss Aylin and Can doing at nine o'clock?
2. What did the team do when the lights went out?
3. How did the day end?
Metinde and, but, so, because, when, while, before ve after bağlaçlarını bul — her biri en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu bağlaçları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
A speaker remembers growing up in the 1990s. (Bir konuşmacı 90'larda büyümesini anlatıyor.)
You will hear a short talk about the speaker's childhood. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Konuşmacının çocukluğu hakkında kısa bir konuşma dinleyeceksin. Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)
Write and submit your story; your teacher will review it. (Hikâyeni yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Bir hikâye, alt alta dizilmiş cümleler değildir. What makes a story flow is connectors (bağlaçlar): olayları birbirine bağlar, sırayı ve ilişkiyi gösterirler. Bu ünitede özellikle when ve while işine yarayacak — çünkü süren bir eylemi (Past Continuous) kesen bir olaya (Past Simple) bağlarlar.
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Ne işe yarar? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | ve | Ekleme yapar | We laughed and talked all night. |
| but | ama | Zıtlık gösterir | It was cold but sunny. |
| so | bu yüzden | Sonuç bildirir | It was raining, so we stayed in. |
| because | çünkü | Sebep bildirir | I was happy because my friends came. |
| when | -diğinde | Kısa/ani olay | I was cooking when the bell rang. |
| while | -irken | Süren eylem | While we were eating, music played. |
| after | -den sonra | Sonraki olay | After the party, we went home. |
| before | -den önce | Önceki olay | We ate before the film started. |
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | Bağlaçlı akıcı yazı ✓ |
|---|---|
| It was my birthday. We were sitting in the garden. It started to rain. We went inside. We were happy. | It was my birthday, and we were sitting in the garden when it started to rain. So we went inside, but we were still happy. |
Bir anlatı paragrafı üç bölümden oluşur. This skeleton is the same every time — içini değiştirirsin, yapıyı değiştirmezsin:
| Bölüm | Ne yazılır? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Giriş (Opening) | Gün ne zamandı, genel his | Last summer, I had a really memorable day. |
| 2. Gövde (Body) | Ne oluyordu ve ne oldu — Past Continuous + Past Simple, when/while ile | While we were walking on the beach, we saw... |
| 3. Kapanış (Closing) | Son bir yorum / neden unutulmaz | I will never forget that day. |
Write about a memorable day from your past. (Geçmişinden unutulmaz bir günü anlat.) Use the Past Continuous and the Past Simple together.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading + listening. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma + dinleme.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Oturum kontrol ediliyor...