Ünite 21 · Korkulu Bir Gece · Bölüm 1/6

Grammar: The Past Continuous

Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)

Neden Past Continuous?

Geçen ünitede Past Simple ile biten olayları anlattın: "I watched a film." Now we need a tense for a different idea: an action that was in progress at a moment in the past — o an sürüyor, henüz bitmemiş. Buna Past Continuous denir. Bir filmi düşün: Past Simple fotoğraftır (olay oldu, bitti), Past Continuous ise videodur (olay o an akıyordu).

At 8 o'clock last night, I was watching a film.Dün gece saat 8'de film izliyordum.
This time yesterday, we were driving to Ankara.Dün bu saatlerde Ankara'ya gidiyorduk.
The sun was shining and the birds were singing.Güneş parlıyordu ve kuşlar ötüyordu.

Bu bölümde önce was / were + fiil-ing yapısını kuracağız. Then we will use while and when, and we will compare Past Continuous with Past Simple — iki zamanın birlikte kullanıldığı kesinti (interruption) kalıbını göreceğiz. Adım adım gidelim.

1. Yapı (was / were + verb-ing)

Past Continuous iki parçadan oluşur: be fiilinin geçmişi (was / were) + ana fiilin -ing hâli. The subject decides was or were — özne was mı were mi seçer.

Özne	be (geçmiş)	Örnek	Türkçesi
I / he / she / it	was + -ing	She was doing her homework.	Ödevini yapıyordu.
you / we / they	were + -ing	They were playing outside.	Dışarıda oynuyorlardı.

Tür	Yapı	Örnek
Olumlu	özne + was/were + fiil-ing	I was reading a book.
Olumsuz	özne + wasn't/weren't + fiil-ing	I wasn't reading a book.
Soru	Was/Were + özne + fiil-ing?	Were you reading a book?

-ing yazımı

Çoğu fiil: + ing — play → playing, read → reading.
-e ile biten: e düşer + ing — make → making, have → having.
Kısa ünlü + tek sessiz: sessizi çiftle + ing — run → running, sit → sitting.

2. Zaman İfadeleri (When Do We Use It?)

Past Continuous, geçmişte belirli bir anda devam eden bir eylemi anlatır. These time markers point to that exact moment:

İfade	Anlamı	Örnek
at 8 o'clock	saat 8'de	At 8 o'clock, I was having dinner.
this time yesterday	dün bu saatlerde	This time yesterday, we were flying.
all morning / all day	bütün sabah / gün	It was raining all morning.
while	-irken	While she was cooking...

3. while ve when (The Two Key Words)

Bu ünitenin kalbi while ve when. İkisi de olayları birbirine bağlar ama farklı fiillerle çalışır. Öğren:

Bağlaç	Yanına gelen zaman	Örnek
while (-irken)	genelde Past Continuous (süren eylem)	While I was walking, I met a friend.
when (-diğinde)	genelde Past Simple (kısa, ani olay)	I met a friend when I arrived.

İki süren eylem

Aynı anda süren iki eylem varsa ikisi de Past Continuous olur, genelde while ile bağlanır: "While he was cooking, I was cleaning."
Kural değil eğilim: while uzun/süren eylemi, when kısa/ani olayı sever.

4. Kesinti Kalıbı (Past Continuous vs Past Simple)

En sık kullanılan yapı budur. A long action was in progress (Past Continuous) when a short action interrupted it (Past Simple). Uzun eylem arka plandır; kısa eylem onu keser.

I was sleeping when the phone rang.Telefon çaldığında uyuyordum. (uyku sürüyordu → telefon kesti)
While we were watching the film, the lights went out.Filmi izlerken ışıklar gitti.
She was cooking dinner when her guests arrived.Misafirleri geldiğinde akşam yemeği yapıyordu.

Altın kural

Uzun / süren eylem = Past Continuous (was/were + -ing). Kısa / kesen eylem = Past Simple.
when genelde Past Simple'ın yanında, while genelde Past Continuous'un yanındadır.
İki eylem sırayla olduysa (biri bitti, sonra öteki başladı) ikisi de Past Simple olur: "I finished my homework and went outside."

5. Yaygın Hatalar (Common Mistakes)

Türkçe konuşanların Past Continuous'ta en sık yaptığı hatalar. Kendi cümlelerini bu listeyle kontrol et:

Yanlış ✗	Doğru ✓	Neden?
They was playing.	They were playing.	you/we/they → were.
I was play football.	I was playing football.	was/were'den sonra fiil -ing alır.
When it rained, I was walk.	When it rained, I was walking.	süren eylem = was + -ing.
While I was cook, the bell rang.	While I was cooking, the bell rang.	while + Past Continuous.
I was knowing the answer.	I knew the answer.	know, want, like gibi fiiller -ing almaz.

Küçük not

Durum fiilleri (know, like, want, have = sahip olmak) genelde Past Continuous'ta kullanılmaz; onlar Past Simple ister.

6. Uygulama: Bir Kaza Anı (Model Dialogue)

Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. A teacher asks a student about a small accident in the playground. Koyu yazılan Past Continuous ve Past Simple yapılarına dikkat ederek iki kez oku:

— What were you doing at break time?Teneffüste ne yapıyordun?
— I was riding my bike in the playground. It was raining, so I was riding slowly.Oyun bahçesinde bisikletimi sürüyordum. Yağmur yağıyordu, o yüzden yavaş sürüyordum.
— And what happened?Peki ne oldu?
— While I was riding near the trees, a dog ran in front of my bike.Ağaçların yanında sürerken bir köpek bisikletimin önüne fırladı.
— Were you looking at your friends?Arkadaşlarına mı bakıyordun?
— No, I wasn't. I stopped quickly when I saw the dog.Hayır, bakmıyordum. Köpeği görünce hızlıca durdum.

Kendini test et

Çocuk kaza anında ne yapıyordu? (Cevap: was riding his bike — arka plan eylemi.)
Köpeği görünce olan kısa olaylar hangi zamandadır? (Cevap: ran / stopped — Past Simple.)
"While I was riding" — neden while + Past Continuous kullanıldı? (Bölüm 3'e bak.)

Exercises (Alıştırmalar)

Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.

Ünite 21 · Korkulu Bir Gece · Bölüm 2/6

Speaking: Vocabulary & Practice

Learn the words, then tell a past story with them. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra onlarla geçmiş bir olay anlat.)

midnight (n)

twelve o'clock at night (gece yarısı)

Syn: twelve at night (gece 12) · Ant: midday (öğle)

"At midnight, the lights came back on."

shadow (n)

a dark shape made when light is blocked (gölge)

Syn: dark shape (karanlık şekil) · Ant: light (ışık)

"We saw a big black shadow."

thunder (n)

the loud sound in a storm (gök gürültüsü)

Syn: rumble (gürleme) · Ant: silence (sessizlik)

"Thunder was rumbling far away."

torch (n)

a small light you hold in your hand (el feneri)

Syn: flashlight (fener) · Ant: —

"She found a torch in the drawer."

suddenly (adv)

quickly and without warning (aniden)

Syn: all at once (birdenbire) · Ant: slowly (yavaşça)

"Suddenly, the lights went out."

frightened (adj)

feeling afraid (korkmuş)

Syn: scared (korkmuş) · Ant: calm (sakin)

"The little cat was cold and frightened."

blowing (v, -ing)

moving air strongly (esiyor(du))

Syn: gusting (sertçe esiyor) · Ant: —

"The wind was blowing hard."

howling (v, -ing)

making a long, loud cry (uluyor(du))

Syn: wailing (feryat ediyor) · Ant: —

"The wind was howling around the windows."

creaking (v, -ing)

making a dry, squeaky sound (gıcırdıyor(du))

Syn: squeaking (ötüyor) · Ant: —

"The old stairs were creaking."

shaking (v, -ing)

moving quickly from side to side (titriyor(du))

Syn: trembling (titriyor) · Ant: still (hareketsiz)

"We were both shaking a little."

shining (v, -ing)

giving out bright light (parlıyor(du))

Syn: glowing (ışıldıyor) · Ant: —

"The torch was shining on the walls."

hiding (v, -ing)

staying where nobody can see you (saklanıyor(du))

Syn: keeping out of sight (gizleniyor) · Ant: showing (görünüyor)

"A small cat was hiding under the doormat."

whispering (v, -ing)

speaking very quietly (fısıldıyor(du))

Syn: murmuring (mırıldanıyor) · Ant: shouting (bağırıyor)

"'What was that?' I whispered."

Korkulu bir geceyi anlat: while / when ile süren eylemleri bağla.

Production Task (Üretim Görevi)

Tell the story of a scary night in 8 sentences. Use at least 8 of the words above. (Korkulu bir geceyi 8 cümlede anlat. Yukarıdaki kelimelerden en az 8'ini kullan.)

Gramer şartı — bu ünitenin konusunu uygula

Süren eylemleri Past Continuous (was/were + -ing) ile anlat.
En az 2 cümlede while ya da when kullan.
En az 1 kesinti kalıbı yaz: "I was ...-ing when ..." (uzun eylem + kısa olay).

Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):

"That night, I was ..." "While the wind was ..., ..." "Suddenly, ..." "When I heard the noise, I was ..." "We were both ..."

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your speaking task.)

Ünite 21 · Korkulu Bir Gece · Bölüm 3/6

Reading: A Scary Night

Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)

Before You Read (Okumadan Önce)

İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Before you read, think about these three questions (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):

What do you do when you hear a strange noise at night? (Gece tuhaf bir ses duyduğunda ne yaparsın?)
The story describes actions in progress. Which tense will you see a lot? (Metin süren eylemleri anlatıyor. Hangi zamanı çok göreceksin?)
Look at the title. Do you think the night stays scary, or does it end well? Guess! (Başlığa bak. Gece hep korkulu mu kalır, yoksa iyi mi biter? Tahmin et!)

Nasıl okumalı?

1. tur: Metni durmadan, hızlıca oku. Konuyu yakala; her kelimeyi anlamak zorunda değilsin.
2. tur: Soruları oku, sonra cevapları metinde ara. was/were + -ing yapılarına ve while / when bağlaçlarına dikkat et.

Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler): midnight · shadow · thunder · torch · suddenly · frightened · blowing · howling · creaking · shaking · hiding · whispering

Fırtınalı bir gece: elektrik kesildi, el feneri karanlığı aydınlattı.

A Scary Night

It was a cold night in October, and the wind was blowing hard outside our house. My name is Deniz, and I am eleven years old. That night, my parents were away at my aunt's house, so my big sister Ela and I were staying at home alone with our old dog, Boncuk. We were not really afraid — not yet.

At nine o'clock, we were watching a film in the living room. Ela was eating popcorn, and I was drinking hot milk. Outside, the rain was falling harder and harder, and thunder was rumbling far away. Boncuk was sleeping quietly under the table. Everything felt warm and safe.

Then, at ten o'clock, something strange happened. While we were laughing at the film, the lights suddenly went out. The whole house was dark, and the television stopped. "Don't worry," Ela said, but her voice was a little shaky. We couldn't see anything, so we sat very still and listened.

The storm was getting louder. The wind was howling around the windows, and the old stairs were creaking. Boncuk woke up and started to growl. My heart was beating fast, because I heard a strange noise from the kitchen. Tap, tap, tap. Something was moving in the dark.

"What was that?" I whispered. Ela took my hand. "Stay here," she said. She found a torch in the drawer, and its light was shining on the walls. We were both shaking a little, but we didn't run. Slowly, we walked to the kitchen door. The tapping was still going. Tap, tap, tap.

Ela opened the door quickly and pointed the torch inside. For a moment, we saw a big black shadow near the window. I nearly screamed! But then we looked again — and we laughed. It was only a tree branch. The wind was blowing it against the glass, and it was making the tapping sound. There was no monster at all.

We felt much better after that, but the night was not over. While we were walking back to the sofa, we heard another sound — a soft cry near the front door. This time, Boncuk ran to the door and wagged his tail. Ela opened it carefully. On the step, a small wet cat was hiding under the doormat. It was cold and frightened, and it was crying for help.

"Poor little thing," Ela said. We brought the cat inside, and I gave it some warm milk. Before long, it stopped crying and fell asleep on a soft towel. The storm was still going outside, but inside our house it was warm again. We were not scared anymore.

At midnight, the lights came back on. We were so happy! When our parents came home, we told them the whole story. They were surprised, and they were proud of us too, because we stayed calm and helped the little cat.

That night was scary at first, but it became one of my favourite memories. We kept the cat, and we called her Storm. Now, when the wind is howling outside, I am not afraid. I just look at Storm sleeping on the sofa, and I smile.

A · Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)

B · True / False (Doğru / Yanlış)

Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)

C · Gap Fill

Complete the sentences with the correct past form from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki doğru geçmiş yapıyla tamamla.)

1While Deniz and Ela at the film, the lights went out. ✓✗ Doğru cevap: were laughing

2When Deniz heard the noise, his heart fast. ✓✗ Doğru cevap: was beating

3Ela a torch in the drawer. ✓✗ Doğru cevap: found

4They brought the cat inside, and Deniz it some warm milk. ✓✗ Doğru cevap: gave

5The wind the branch against the glass. ✓✗ Doğru cevap: was blowing

D · Open-Ended

Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.

1. What were Deniz and Ela doing at nine o'clock?

Sample Answer"They were watching a film. Ela was eating popcorn while Deniz was drinking hot milk."

2. What was really making the tapping noise in the kitchen?

Sample Answer"It was only a tree branch. The wind was blowing it against the glass, so it made a tapping sound."

3. How did the night end?

Sample Answer"They helped a little wet cat and gave it warm milk. At midnight the lights came back, and they kept the cat and called her Storm."

E · Connector Hunt (Bağlaç Avı)

Metinde and, but, so, because, when, while, before ve after bağlaçlarını bul — her biri en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu bağlaçları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.

Answers and: "Ela was eating popcorn, and I was drinking hot milk." (ve daha fazlası)
but: "...but her voice was a little shaky." · "That night was scary at first, but it became one of my favourite memories."
so: "...my parents were away, so my big sister Ela and I were staying at home alone."
because: "My heart was beating fast, because I heard a strange noise from the kitchen."
when: "When our parents came home, we told them the whole story."
while: "While we were laughing at the film, the lights suddenly went out."
before: "Before long, it stopped crying and fell asleep on a soft towel."
after: "We felt much better after that..."

Ünite 21 · Korkulu Bir Gece · Bölüm 4/6

Listening: A Childhood in the Suburbs

A speaker remembers growing up in the 1990s. (Bir konuşmacı 90'larda büyümesini anlatıyor.)

You will hear a short talk about the speaker's childhood. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Konuşmacının çocukluğu hakkında kısa bir konuşma dinleyeceksin. Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)

İpucu

İlk dinlemeden ÖNCE soruları oku — ne arayacağını bil.
Her kelimeyi anlamak zorunda değilsin; sorunun cevabını yakala.

1. Dinleme — Questions 1-5 (Choose the correct answer)

Ünite 21 · Korkulu Bir Gece · Bölüm 5/6

Writing: A Scary Night

Write and submit your story; your teacher will review it. (Hikâyeni yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)

Bağlaçlar Hikâyeyi Akıtır (Connectors)

Bir hikâye, alt alta dizilmiş cümleler değildir. What makes a story flow is connectors (bağlaçlar): olayları birbirine bağlar, sırayı ve ilişkiyi gösterirler. Bu ünitede özellikle when ve while işine yarayacak — çünkü süren bir eylemi (Past Continuous) kesen bir olaya (Past Simple) bağlarlar.

Bağlaç	Anlamı	Ne işe yarar?	Örnek
and	ve	Ekleme yapar	We laughed and talked all night.
but	ama	Zıtlık gösterir	It was cold but sunny.
so	bu yüzden	Sonuç bildirir	It was raining, so we stayed in.
because	çünkü	Sebep bildirir	I was happy because my friends came.
when	-diğinde	Kısa/ani olay	I was cooking when the bell rang.
while	-irken	Süren eylem	While we were eating, music played.
after	-den sonra	Sonraki olay	After the party, we went home.
before	-den önce	Önceki olay	We ate before the film started.

Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:

Kopuk cümleler ✗	Bağlaçlı akıcı yazı ✓
It was my birthday. We were sitting in the garden. It started to rain. We went inside. We were happy.	It was my birthday, and we were sitting in the garden when it started to rain. So we went inside, but we were still happy.

Kural

Yazında en az 3 bağlaç kullan; en az biri when ya da while olsun.
when / while / after / before cümlenin başında olduğunda genellikle virgül gelir: "While we were eating, ..."

Paragraf Yapısı (Paragraph Structure)

Bir anlatı paragrafı üç bölümden oluşur. This skeleton is the same every time — içini değiştirirsin, yapıyı değiştirmezsin:

Bölüm	Ne yazılır?	Örnek
1. Giriş (Opening)	Gün ne zamandı, genel his	Last summer, I had a really memorable day.
2. Gövde (Body)	Ne oluyordu ve ne oldu — Past Continuous + Past Simple, when/while ile	While we were walking on the beach, we saw...
3. Kapanış (Closing)	Son bir yorum / neden unutulmaz	I will never forget that day.

Task (Görev)

Write about a scary night from your past (real or imagined). (Geçmişinden korkulu bir geceyi anlat — gerçek ya da hayalî.) Use the Past Continuous and the Past Simple together.

NELER OLMALI (WHAT TO INCLUDE)

when the night was and where you were
what was happening (Past Continuous: was/were + -ing)
what suddenly happened (Past Simple, with when / while)
at least one interruption sentence: "I was ...-ing when ..."
how you felt at the end
en az 3 bağlaç: and, but, so, because, when, while, after, before
Speaking bölümünden en az 4 kelime (suddenly, shadow, torch, howling, creaking, shaking, frightened...)

ÖRNEK BAŞLANGIÇLAR (EXAMPLE OPENERS)

"It was a dark night in ..." "While the wind was ..., suddenly ..." "I was ...-ing when I heard ..."

Your Story (100-130 words / kelime)

0 kelime

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)

Sample Answer (~125 words) It was a dark night last winter, and I was staying at home with my brother. The wind was blowing hard outside, and the old windows were creaking. While we were watching TV, the lights suddenly went out. The house was completely dark.

My heart was beating fast, because I heard a strange noise in the hall. We were both shaking a little, so my brother found a torch. When we walked slowly to the door, we saw a big shadow on the wall.

But then we laughed, because it was only our cat! At midnight the lights came back on. It was scary at first, but now it is a funny memory. I will never forget that night.

Ünite 21 · Korkulu Bir Gece · Bölüm 6/6

Unit Check (Ünite Kontrolü)

Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)

Mixed Quiz (Karışık Test)

14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading + listening. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma + dinleme.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.

Can-Do Check (Yapabiliyorum Listesi)

Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)

I can use was / were + verb-ing to describe past actions in progress. (Sürmekte olan geçmiş eylemleri was/were + fiil-ing ile anlatabilirim.) I can use while and when correctly. (while ve when'i doğru kullanabilirim.) I can combine Past Continuous and Past Simple for interrupted actions. (Kesintiye uğrayan eylemleri Past Continuous + Past Simple ile anlatabilirim.) I can understand a short story and a talk about the past. (Geçmişle ilgili kısa bir metni ve konuşmayı anlayabilirim.) I can write about a memorable day using connectors. (Bağlaçlarla unutulmaz bir günü yazabilirim.)

İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.