Dinleme (Listening)
Kısa bir video dinle ve izle. (Listen and watch a short video.)
Video çok yakında burada olacak!Ne Demek? (Comparative vs Superlative)
Comparative (karşılaştırma) iki şeyi kıyaslar: bir şey diğerinden daha nasıl? Superlative (en üstünlük) üç ya da daha çok şey arasında en üstünü söyler. Karşılaştırmada genellikle than, en üstünlükte the vardır:
- Istanbul is bigger than Izmir.İstanbul İzmir'den büyüktür. (comparative)
- Istanbul is the biggest city in Turkey.İstanbul Türkiye'nin en büyük şehridir. (superlative)
- This phone is more expensive than that one.Bu telefon şundan daha pahalıdır. (uzun sıfat)
- Kısa sıfat → -er / the -est. Uzun sıfat → more / the most.
- İki şeyi kıyaslarken çoğu zaman than; en üstünde the kullan.
1. Kısa Sıfatlar (-er + than / the -est)
Tek heceli (kısa) sıfatlara karşılaştırmada -er, en üstünlükte the ...-est ekleriz. Şehir, telefon ve spor örnekleriyle bak:
| Sıfat | Comparative (-er + than) | Superlative (the -est) |
|---|---|---|
| big | bigger than | the biggest |
| fast | faster than | the fastest |
| cheap | cheaper than | the cheapest |
| cold | colder than | the coldest |
- A train is faster than a bike. → Everest is the fastest? Hayır — en üstünde the highest.
- "more fast" ✗ → "faster" ✓ (kısa sıfat asla more almaz).
2. Uzun Sıfatlar (more + adj / the most)
İki veya daha çok heceli (uzun) sıfatlarda -er yerine more, -est yerine the most kullanırız. Sıfatın kendisi değişmez:
| Sıfat | Comparative (more) | Superlative (the most) |
|---|---|---|
| expensive | more expensive than | the most expensive |
| popular | more popular than | the most popular |
| interesting | more interesting than | the most interesting |
- Uzun sıfat → more/most: "more expensive", "the most popular".
- "expensiver" ✗ → "more expensive" ✓ (uzun sıfata -er ekleme).
3. Yazım Kuralları (Spelling Rules)
Kısa sıfatlara -er / -est eklerken küçük yazım değişiklikleri olur. Bu tabloyu bir kontrol listesi gibi kullan:
| Kural | Örnek | Açıklama |
|---|---|---|
| tek sesli + sessiz | big → bigger, hot → hottest | son sessizi ikile |
| sonu -e | nice → nicer, large → largest | sadece -r / -st ekle |
| ünsüz + y | easy → easier, happy → happiest | y → i olur |
| normal kısa | fast → faster, cheap → cheapest | doğrudan -er / -est |
- "biger" ✗ → "bigger" ✓ (g ikilenir). "easyer" ✗ → "easier" ✓ (y → i).
4. İstisnalar (good / bad)
Bazı sıfatlar kural dışıdır; -er / more almaz, biçimleri ezberlenir. En sık ikisi good ve bad:
| Sıfat | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| good (iyi) | better than | the best |
| bad (kötü) | worse than | the worst |
- "gooder / more good" ✗ → "better" ✓. "the goodest" ✗ → "the best" ✓.
- "badder / more bad" ✗ → "worse" ✓. "the baddest" ✗ → "the worst" ✓.
5. Sık Yapılan Hatalar (Common Mistakes)
Comparative ve superlative karıştırmak kolaydır. Bu tabloyu kontrol listesi gibi kullan:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| more big | bigger | kısa sıfat → -er. |
| more good | better | good düzensiz. |
| the most fast | the fastest | kısa sıfat → the -est. |
| bigger that Izmir | bigger than Izmir | karşılaştırmada "than". |
| most cheap | the cheapest | kısa sıfat → the -est. |
- Önce sıfatın uzunluğuna bak: kısa → -er / the -est, uzun → more / the most. İki şeyi kıyaslarken than, en üstünde the. good→better→best, bad→worse→worst ezberle.
6. Birlikte Görelim (Two Friends Chat)
İki genç telefonlarını, şehirleri ve sporları karşılaştırıyor. Koyu yazılan biçimlere dikkat et ve iki kez oku:
- — Your new phone is nicer than mine! The screen is bigger.Yeni telefonun benimkinden güzel! Ekran daha büyük.
- — Yes, but yours is faster and lighter. Mine is more expensive, though.Evet ama seninki daha hızlı ve hafif. Benimki gerçi daha pahalı.
- — Which city is better for a holiday, Istanbul or Izmir?Tatil için hangi şehir daha iyi, İstanbul mu İzmir mi?
- — Istanbul is the biggest, but Izmir is the nicest for me. The sea is warmer.İstanbul en büyüğü, ama bana göre İzmir en güzeli. Deniz daha sıcak.
- — I think football is more exciting than volleyball.Bence futbol voleyboldan daha heyecanlı.
- — Really? For me basketball is the best sport of all.Sahi mi? Bana göre basketbol hepsinin en iyisi.
- "more nice" ✗ → "nicer" ✓ (kısa sıfat → -er).
- "the most good" ✗ → "the best" ✓ (good düzensiz).
- "bigger that" ✗ → "bigger than" ✓ (karşılaştırmada than).
Alıştırma (Practice)
Doğru cevabı seç. — 10 soru, her soru hemen kontrol edilir.
Speaking: My Words
Kelimeleri öğren, sonra kendi cümlelerinde kullan. (Learn the words, then use them.)
Kelimeler ve Yapılar (Comparatives & Superlatives)
Bazıları comparative (-er / more), bazıları superlative biçimi, biri de karşılaştırma sözcüğü (than). Her kelimeyi bir örnekle kullan.
Your Turn (Senin Sıran)
Compare two things: two cities, two phones or two sports. Write 5 sentences with comparatives and superlatives. (İki şeyi karşılaştır: iki şehir, iki telefon ya da iki spor. Comparative ve superlative ile 5 cümle yaz.)
- Kısa sıfat → -er + than (bigger than), uzun sıfat → more (more expensive).
- En az bir superlative (the biggest / the best) ve bir düzensiz biçim (better / worse) kullan.
Cümle başlatıcıları (istersen bunlarla başla):
2. My new phone is faster than my old one, and the camera is better.
3. A car is more expensive than a bike, so I ride my bike to school.
4. Basketball is more popular than tennis in my class.
5. Elif is the best player, and she is faster than most boys.
Reading: My City, My Phone, My Sport
Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla. (Read the text, then answer.)
Before You Read (Okumadan Önce)
Okumadan önce şu biçimleri hatırla — Speaking bölümünden tanıyorsun. Metinde bunları ara:
bigger · smaller · faster · more expensive · the biggest · the best · than
- Metin bir gencin şehirleri, telefonları ve sporları karşılaştırmasını anlatıyor. Comparative ve superlative biçimlerine dikkat et.
- Önce hızlıca oku, sonra soruları oku ve cevapları metinde ara. Cevaplar hep metnin içindedir.
Hi! I am Deniz and I am sixteen. I love comparing things with my friends, so this is my little list of "the best" and "the worst".
My best friend is Kaan. We are in the same class at school. Every day we talk and we compare things. We compare our phones, our games and our football teams. My sister Ela is younger than me. She is twelve years old. She likes comparing things too. She says her room is nicer than my room. I say my room is bigger than her room. We laugh a lot. For us, comparing things is a fun game.
First, cities. I live in Izmir, but last summer I visited Istanbul and Ankara. Istanbul is much bigger than Izmir, and it is the biggest city in Turkey. Ankara is smaller than Istanbul, but it is colder in winter. For me, Izmir is the nicest city because the sea is warmer and the people are friendlier. Istanbul is more crowded than Izmir, and the traffic is worse there.
Let me tell you more about these cities. In summer, Izmir is hot and sunny. Istanbul is big and busy all day. Ankara is very cold in winter, and sometimes it snows there. I like the beach, so summer in Izmir is the best time of the year for me. The food is good in all three cities. But for me, the food in Izmir is the tastiest. My grandmother lives in Izmir, and she is the best cook in my family. Her food is better than the food in any restaurant.
On weekends, my friends and I meet in the park. The park near my house is small, but the park in the city centre is much bigger. We ride our bikes there. My bike is old and slow. Kaan's bike is newer and faster than mine. But I do not mind. A bike is cheaper than the bus, and riding a bike is better for my health. In spring, the park is the nicest place in our town. The flowers are pretty and the air is fresh.
Next, phones. My old phone was cheap, but it was very slow. My new phone is faster and the camera is better. It is more expensive than my old one, but it is not the most expensive phone in the shop. My friend Kaan has a newer model. His phone is thinner and lighter than mine, and the screen is bigger. I think his phone is nicer, but mine is good enough for me.
Kaan and I love playing games on our phones. My phone is fast, so my games run well. Kaan's phone is faster, so his games run better. We play a football game every day after school. Kaan is better than me at this game. He wins more often than me. But I am better at puzzle games. In puzzles, I am the fastest player in my class. A good phone is nice, but a good friend is more important. That is what my mum always says, and she is right.
Finally, sports. At school we play basketball, football and volleyball. Basketball is the most popular sport in my class. Football is more tiring than volleyball, but it is more exciting for me. I am not the tallest player, so basketball is harder for me. My friend Elif is the best player in our team. She is faster and stronger than most boys, and she is the most confident person on the court.
We have PE class two times a week. It is my favourite class at school. In PE we run, we jump and we play many games. Running is harder for me than playing football, but it is good for my body. Elif runs faster than everyone in our class. She is also very kind. She helps me when a game is difficult for me. Our teacher always says, "Sport is not only about winning." I think that is true. For me, playing with my friends is the best part of any sport.
At school, we study many subjects. For me, English is more interesting than maths. History is fun too, but English is the most useful subject. In English class, we learn new words every day. This week we are learning about comparatives and superlatives. Now I can say "bigger", "faster" and "the best" very easily. My teacher says my English is better than last year. That makes me very happy. I want to be the best student in my class, but that is not easy. Some of my friends are very clever. We help each other, so we all get better together.
So, what is the best? For me, the best city is Izmir, the best phone is Kaan's, and the best sport is football. Everyone in my class has a different answer, and that is the most interesting part. What about you? Which city is the biggest, and which sport is the most exciting for you?
A · True or False? (Doğru mu Yanlış mı?)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
B · Choose the Answer (Doğru Cevabı Seç)
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
C · Fill the Gap (Boşluğu Doldur)
Complete the sentences with a word from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki bir kelimeyle tamamla.)
Practice Lab: Comparatives & Superlatives
18 soruluk alıştırma. Doğru biçimi seç: -er, more ya da the -est / the most. (Practice — choose the correct form.)
Let's Practise (Hadi Çalışalım)
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 18 soru, her soru hemen kontrol edilir.
Writing: Compare Two Things
İki şeyi karşılaştır ve gönder; öğretmenin okuyacak. (Compare two things and send it; your teacher will read it.)
Küçük Bağlaçlar (Small Words: and, but, because, so)
İki fikri birbirine bağlamak için küçük bağlaçlar kullanırız. Karşılaştırmalarını bunlarla birleştir:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| and | ve | His phone is thinner and lighter than mine. |
| but | ama | Istanbul is bigger, but Izmir is nicer for me. |
| because | çünkü | Izmir is the nicest because the sea is warmer. |
| so | bu yüzden | A car is more expensive, so I ride a bike. |
- Yazında en az 1 bağlaç kullanmayı dene: and, but, because ya da so.
Task (Görev)
Compare two things you know well: two cities, two phones or two sports. Say which one is better and which one is the best. (İyi bildiğin iki şeyi karşılaştır: iki şehir, iki telefon ya da iki spor. Hangisi daha iyi ve hangisi en iyisi, söyle.) 4-6 cümle yeterli.
NELER OLMALI (What to include)
- one comparative with -er + than (bigger than, faster than)
- one comparative with more (more expensive, more popular)
- one superlative (the biggest / the best / the most ...)
- one irregular form (better, worse, best or worst)
- one connector: and / but / because / so
ÖRNEK BAŞLANGIÇLAR (Example openers)
My Writing (40-60 words / kelime)
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will read your writing.)
Unit Check (Ünite Kontrolü)
Karışık ve biraz zorlu sorular + "Kediyi Besle" oyunu. (A longer mixed quiz + a feed-the-cat game.)
Mixed Quiz (Karışık Test)
14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma. Bazıları uzun, bağlaçlı cümleler. (14 questions, some longer sentences with and/but/because/so.) Her soru hemen kontrol edilir.
Oyun: Kediyi Besle (Comparative / Superlative)
Gri acıktı! Yukarıdaki cümleye bak, sonra doğru biçime dokun (comparative ya da superlative). Doğru kelimeyi Gri yer ve sevinir; yanlışa dokunursan kelime kırmızı sallanır, tekrar dene. (Tap the correct form to feed Gri.)
Bütün biçimleri doğru verdin. Artık comparative / superlative senin işin!