Dinleme (Listening)
Kısa bir video dinle ve izle. (Listen and watch a short video.)
Video çok yakında burada olacak!Ne Demek? (Two Kinds of Nouns)
Bazı isimleri tek tek sayabiliriz (one book, two books) — bunlara countable deriz ve çoğulu vardır. Bazı isimleri sayamayız (time, money, water) — bunlara uncountable deriz; çoğulu yoktur ve hep tekil fiil alır. Fark, hangi miktar kelimesini kullanacağını belirler:
- I have a few good friends at school.Okulda birkaç iyi arkadaşım var. (sayılabilir)
- I don't have much time today.Bugün pek vaktim yok. (sayılamaz)
- How many books? — How much homework?Kaç kitap? — Ne kadar ödev?
- Sayabiliyorsan (1, 2, 3) → countable: friends, books, cafés.
- Sayamıyorsan (time, money, homework) → uncountable: çoğul yok, tekil fiil.
1. Sayılabilir / Sayılamaz (Countable / Uncountable)
İsimlerin çoğu ya sayılabilir ya sayılamazdır. Genç hayatında sık geçenler bunlar; sağ sütundakilerin çoğulu yoktur:
| Sayılabilir (countable) | Sayılamaz (uncountable) |
|---|---|
| a book, two books | time (çoğulu yok) |
| a friend, five friends | money, homework |
| a café, three cafés | information, advice |
- Countable: sayı ile kullan → three cafés. Çoğulu var.
- Uncountable: sayı yok, çoğul yok → some money (✗ two moneys).
2. much / many / a lot of (Ne kadar / Kaç tane / Çok)
Miktar sormak ve söylemek için: many sayılabilirle, much sayılamazla kullanılır. a lot of ise ikisiyle de kullanılır ve "çok" demektir. much genelde olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde geçer:
| Kelime | Kullanım | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| many | sayılabilir | How many books do you read? |
| much | sayılamaz | I don't have much time. |
| a lot of | ikisi de (çok) | She has a lot of homework and a lot of friends. |
- Sayabiliyorsan → many: many books, many students.
- Sayamıyorsan → much: much time, much money (özellikle olumsuz/soru).
- "Çok" demek için ikisinde de → a lot of.
3. some / any (Biraz / Hiç)
some = biraz (olumlu cümlelerde). any = hiç (olumsuz cümlelerde ve sorularda). İkisi de hem sayılabilir hem sayılamaz isimlerle kullanılır:
| Kelime | Ne zaman? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| some | olumlu (+) | I need some information. I have some friends here. |
| any | olumsuz (−) | I don't have any money. |
| any | soru (?) | Do you have any questions? |
- Olumlu cümle → some: I have some homework tonight.
- Olumsuz ya da soru → any: There isn't any milk. Any questions?
4. a few / a little (Birkaç / Biraz)
Az bir miktarı anlatmak için: a few sayılabilirle, a little sayılamazla kullanılır. İkisi de "az ama biraz var" demektir:
| Kelime | Kullanım | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| a few | sayılabilir (az) | There are a few good cafés near school. |
| a little | sayılamaz (az) | I have a little money left. |
- Sayabiliyorsan → a few: a few friends, a few books.
- Sayamıyorsan → a little: a little time, a little information.
5. Sık Yapılan Hatalar (Common Mistakes)
Sayılabilir ve sayılamaz isimleri karıştırmak kolaydır. Bu tabloyu bir kontrol listesi gibi kullan:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| I read much books. | I read many books. | books sayılabilir → many. |
| He has many money. | He has much money. | money sayılamaz → much / a lot of. |
| We have a few water. | We have a little water. | water sayılamaz → a little. |
| There are a little cafés. | There are a few cafés. | cafés sayılabilir → a few. |
| two informations | some information | information sayılamaz → çoğul yok. |
- Önce ismin sayılabilir mi sayılamaz mı olduğunu düşün: sayılabilir → many / a few, sayılamaz → much / a little. Emin değilsen a lot of ikisiyle de çalışır.
6. Birlikte Görelim (Two Friends Chat)
İki genç ödev, para ve zaman üzerine konuşuyor. Koyu yazılan miktar kelimelerine dikkat et ve iki kez oku:
- — How much homework do you have this weekend?Bu hafta sonu ne kadar ödevin var?
- — A lot! I have three essays, but I don't have much free time.Çok! Üç kompozisyonum var ama pek boş vaktim yok.
- — Do you want to study at a café? There are a few good ones near here.Bir kafede çalışmak ister misin? Buraya yakın birkaç iyi kafe var.
- — I'd love to, but I only have a little money this week.Çok isterim ama bu hafta sadece biraz param var.
- — No problem. I have some information about a free study room at the library.Sorun değil. Kütüphanedeki ücretsiz çalışma odası hakkında biraz bilgim var.
- — Perfect. We don't need much money for that, and there aren't many people there in the morning.Harika. Onun için çok paraya gerek yok ve sabahları orada çok kişi olmuyor.
- "much books" ✗ → "many books" ✓ (sayılabilir → many).
- "many money" ✗ → "much money" ✓ (sayılamaz → much).
- "a few water" ✗ → "a little water" ✓ (sayılamaz → a little).
Alıştırma (Practice)
Doğru cevabı seç. — 10 soru, her soru hemen kontrol edilir.
Speaking: My Words
Kelimeleri öğren, sonra kendi cümlelerinde kullan. (Learn the words, then use them.)
İsimler ve Miktarlar (Nouns & Quantifiers)
Bazıları isim (homework, money), bazıları miktar kelimesi (much, a few). Her kelimeyi bir örnekle kullan.
Your Turn (Senin Sıran)
Talk about your week: homework, money, time and friends. Write 5 sentences with much / many / a lot of / a few / a little. (Haftanı anlat: ödev, para, zaman ve arkadaşlar. much / many / a lot of / a few / a little ile 5 cümle yaz.)
- Sayılabilir isimlerle → many / a few (many books, a few friends).
- Sayılamaz isimlerle → much / a little (much time, a little money). En az bir a lot of kullan.
Cümle başlatıcıları (istersen bunlarla başla):
2. There are a few good cafés near my school where I sometimes study.
3. I only have a little money this month because I bought some new books.
4. I have a few close friends, and we help each other with difficult subjects.
5. How many exams do you have before the holidays?
Reading: A Busy Week
Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla. (Read the text, then answer.)
Before You Read (Okumadan Önce)
Okumadan önce şu miktar kelimelerini hatırla — Speaking bölümünden tanıyorsun. Metinde bunları ara:
much · many · a lot of · some · any · a few · a little
- Metin bir gencin yoğun haftasını anlatıyor: ödev, para, zaman, bilgi. Miktar kelimelerine dikkat et.
- Önce hızlıca oku, sonra soruları oku ve cevapları metinde ara. Cevaplar hep metnin içindedir.
Hi! I am Deniz and I am fifteen. This week is really busy, and I don't have much free time. I have a lot of homework — three essays and a science project. I also have a few exams next week, so I am studying every evening.
Let me tell you about my days. I go to school every morning from Monday to Friday. My school is not very big. I have many classes: maths, English, science and art. English is my favourite class. I have a little homework in art, but I have a lot of homework in maths. My bag is heavy because I carry many books every day. I like some subjects, and I don't like some other subjects. But I always try to do my best.
My family is small. I live with my mum, my dad and my little brother. My brother is only seven years old. In the morning, my mum makes breakfast for us. I am not very hungry early in the day, so I don't eat much food. My brother eats a lot of food because he is always hungry! My dad drinks some coffee and reads the news. Then I take my bag and go to the bus stop. The bus is always full of students.
In the morning I don't have much time before school. I drink a little milk and eat some bread, and then I catch the bus. There are many students on the bus, but I don't have many friends in my class this year, so my mornings feel a little quiet.
I don't have much money this month because I bought some new books. I have a little money left, so I can buy lunch at school, but I can't go to the cinema. There are a few good cafés near my school, and my friends and I sometimes study there together.
I want to save some money this year. I have a small money box in my room. Every week I put a little money in it. I don't buy many things. Sometimes I buy a snack or a drink at the café near school. The café is small but nice. There are a few tables and some big windows. My friends and I like it there. We drink some tea and talk about school. It is a good place to relax after class.
After school, I go to the library. It is quiet, and there aren't many people there in the afternoon. I can find a lot of good books and some quiet tables. I don't need much money for the library because it is free. Ela, my best friend, comes with me, and we share a few ideas about our essays.
I love the library. There are many books about many topics: history, science, animals and space. I read a few pages every day. The library has some computers too, and I use them for my projects. My friend Ela is very kind. She helps me with my English, and I help her with maths. We are a good team. We don't talk much in the library because it is a quiet place. We just study and sometimes share a few snacks.
In the evening, I do my homework at my desk. My room is small, but it is quiet. I put my phone away because I don't want many messages during study time. First, I finish the difficult subjects. Then I do the easy ones. I take a short break every hour. Sometimes my brother comes to my room and asks many questions. He is funny, but he is also a little noisy! At ten o'clock, I go to bed. I need a lot of sleep for a busy day.
My teacher gives us a lot of useful information about the exams. She says, "You don't need many hours of study each day; you need a little focus and a good plan." I think she is right. How much free time do you have this week?
I also have some hobbies. I like music, and I play the guitar a little. I am not very good yet, but I practise every week. On the weekend, I have more free time. I watch some films with my family, and I play games with my brother. I don't have much money for the cinema, so we stay at home. Home is comfortable and warm. I also help my mum in the kitchen. We make some food together, and it is always fun.
This weekend I have a little free time on Sunday. I want to read a few chapters of my book and drink some tea. I don't have many plans, and that is okay. Do you have any free time this weekend? Then, on Monday, a new busy week starts again!
A · True or False? (Doğru mu Yanlış mı?)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
B · Choose the Answer (Doğru Cevabı Seç)
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
C · Fill the Gap (Boşluğu Doldur)
Complete the sentences with a word from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki bir kelimeyle tamamla.)
Practice Lab: Nouns & Quantifiers
18 soruluk alıştırma. Doğru miktar kelimesini seç. (Practice — choose the correct quantifier.)
Let's Practise (Hadi Çalışalım)
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 18 soru, her soru hemen kontrol edilir.
Writing: A Week in My Life
Yoğun bir haftanı anlat ve gönder; öğretmenin okuyacak. (Describe a busy week; your teacher will read it.)
Küçük Bağlaçlar (Small Words: and, but, because, so)
İki fikri birbirine bağlamak için küçük bağlaçlar kullanırız. Cümlelerini bunlarla birleştir:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| and | ve | I have a lot of homework and a few exams next week. |
| but | ama | I have some money, but I don't have much free time. |
| because | çünkü | I am tired because I have a lot of essays to write. |
| so | bu yüzden | There aren't many people at the library, so it is quiet. |
- Yazında en az 1 bağlaç kullanmayı dene: and, but, because ya da so.
Task (Görev)
Describe a busy week in your life: your homework, free time, money and plans. (Yoğun bir haftanı anlat: ödevlerin, boş zamanın, paran ve planların.) 4-6 cümle yeterli.
NELER OLMALI (What to include)
- one uncountable noun with much / a little (much time, a little money)
- one countable noun with many / a few (many books, a few friends)
- one sentence with a lot of (a lot of homework)
- one negative or question (I don't have any ... / How much ...?)
- one connector: and / but / because / so
ÖRNEK BAŞLANGIÇLAR (Example openers)
My Writing (40-60 words / kelime)
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will read your writing.)
Unit Check (Ünite Kontrolü)
Karışık ve biraz zorlu sorular + "Doğru mu?" oyunu. (A longer mixed quiz + a true-false game.)
Mixed Quiz (Karışık Test)
14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma. Bazıları uzun, bağlaçlı cümleler. (14 questions, some longer sentences with and/but/because/so.) Her soru hemen kontrol edilir.
Oyun: Doğru mu? (Countable & Uncountable)
Her cümleye bak. Miktar kelimesi doğru mu, yanlış mı? Cümlenin altındaki Doğru (yeşil) ya da Yanlış (kırmızı) düğmesine dokun. Doğru bilirsen yeşil kilit gelir; yanlış cümlede doğrusunu gösteririm. Hatalı seçersen tekrar dene. (Is the quantifier right or wrong? Tap Doğru or Yanlış.)
Countable & Uncountable artık senin işin. Bir sonraki üniteye hazırsın.