Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Geçen ünitede Past Simple ile biten olayları anlattın: "I watched a film." Now we need a tense for a different idea: an action that was in progress at a moment in the past — o an sürüyor, henüz bitmemiş. Buna Past Continuous denir. Bir filmi düşün: Past Simple fotoğraftır (olay oldu, bitti), Past Continuous ise videodur (olay o an akıyordu).
Bu bölümde önce was / were + fiil-ing yapısını kuracağız. Then we will use while and when, and we will compare Past Continuous with Past Simple — iki zamanın birlikte kullanıldığı kesinti (interruption) kalıbını göreceğiz. Adım adım gidelim.
Past Continuous iki parçadan oluşur: be fiilinin geçmişi (was / were) + ana fiilin -ing hâli. The subject decides was or were — özne was mı were mi seçer.
| Özne | be (geçmiş) | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / he / she / it | was + -ing | She was working late. | Geç saate kadar çalışıyordu. |
| you / we / they | were + -ing | They were playing outside. | Dışarıda oynuyorlardı. |
| Tür | Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Olumlu | özne + was/were + fiil-ing | I was reading a book. |
| Olumsuz | özne + wasn't/weren't + fiil-ing | I wasn't reading a book. |
| Soru | Was/Were + özne + fiil-ing? | Were you reading a book? |
Past Continuous, geçmişte belirli bir anda devam eden bir eylemi anlatır. These time markers point to that exact moment:
| İfade | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| at 8 o'clock | saat 8'de | At 8 o'clock, I was having dinner. |
| this time yesterday | dün bu saatlerde | This time yesterday, we were flying. |
| all morning / all day | bütün sabah / gün | It was raining all morning. |
| while | -irken | While she was cooking... |
Bu ünitenin kalbi while ve when. İkisi de olayları birbirine bağlar ama farklı fiillerle çalışır. Öğren:
| Bağlaç | Yanına gelen zaman | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| while (-irken) | genelde Past Continuous (süren eylem) | While I was walking, I met a friend. |
| when (-diğinde) | genelde Past Simple (kısa, ani olay) | I met a friend when I arrived. |
En sık kullanılan yapı budur. A long action was in progress (Past Continuous) when a short action interrupted it (Past Simple). Uzun eylem arka plandır; kısa eylem onu keser.
Türkçe konuşanların Past Continuous'ta en sık yaptığı hatalar. Kendi cümlelerini bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| They was playing. | They were playing. | you/we/they → were. |
| I was play football. | I was playing football. | was/were'den sonra fiil -ing alır. |
| When it rained, I was walk. | When it rained, I was walking. | süren eylem = was + -ing. |
| While I was cook, the bell rang. | While I was cooking, the bell rang. | while + Past Continuous. |
| I was knowing the answer. | I knew the answer. | know, want, like gibi fiiller -ing almaz. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. A police officer asks a driver about a small accident. Koyu yazılan Past Continuous ve Past Simple yapılarına dikkat ederek iki kez oku:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then tell a past story with them. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra onlarla geçmiş bir olay anlat.)
Tell the story of a past event in 8 sentences. Use at least 8 of the words above. (Geçmişte olan bir olayı 8 cümlede anlat. Yukarıdaki kelimelerden en az 8'ini kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your speaking task.)
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Before you read, think about these three questions (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler): suddenly · moment · noise · waiting · raining · quietly · crowd
Last Tuesday started like any normal day at Baytek, but it did not stay normal for long. At nine o'clock, Selin was making coffee in the small kitchen while her colleague Mark was reading his emails. Outside, the rain was falling heavily, and the sky was very dark.
Baytek was a small design company in the city centre. Only twelve people worked there, so everyone knew everyone very well. The office was on the third floor of an old grey building. It had big windows, a small kitchen, and one warm meeting room. On sunny days, the office was bright and full of light. But on rainy days, the team turned on all the lamps early in the morning.
Earlier that morning, the journey to work was not easy for anybody. It was raining hard, and the roads were wet and slow. The buses were full of tired people. Mark was carrying a big black umbrella, but his shoes and socks were still wet. When he arrived, a small crowd of workers was waiting outside the door, because the old lift was very slow again. Selin did not wait. She smiled, said good morning to everyone, and took the stairs. She liked rainy mornings, and she was in a good mood.
Just before this, everybody was getting ready for a busy and important day. Mr. Demir was the manager of Baytek, and that morning he was a little nervous. An important client was coming from another city to see a new design. This meeting was very important for the company. Mr. Demir was cleaning the meeting room and checking his laptop again and again, and Merve was helping him with the design files. Everything looked ready.
Suddenly, the lights went out. When the power failed, Selin was pouring hot water into her cup, and she almost dropped it. In the meeting room, Mr. Demir was showing a new design to an important client when his laptop screen went black. For a moment, everybody stopped and listened to the noise of the rain.
In the dark, nobody could see very well. The whole office was quiet for a few seconds. Then people started to move. Some workers were looking for their phones, and small blue lights appeared on the desks. Others were laughing softly and making jokes about the rain. The computers were all off, so the work stopped. Mark stood up and walked slowly to the window. Outside, the cars were moving slowly, and their lights looked bright in the grey rain. 'Don't worry,' he said in a calm voice. 'This sometimes happens when it rains a lot. The power will come back soon.'
The client was not happy at first. He was a busy man, and he did not have much time. His journey to Baytek was long and tiring, and now there was no electricity for his important meeting. He was standing near the dark screen and looking at his watch. Mr. Demir felt worried. He did not want to lose this big contract because of a power cut. For a moment, the room was silent, and everyone was waiting.
Some people tried to fix the problem. Selin called the electricity company on her phone, but the line was busy. Mark went downstairs to look at the fuse box, but he could not find the answer. The other workers were sitting quietly at their desks in the dark. Everybody was waiting, and the office felt strange without the sound of computers. Only the rain was making noise on the windows.
While the team was waiting for the electricity, something good happened. Merve, one of the engineers, found some old candles in a cupboard. So the team put the candles on the table, and they continued the meeting in soft, warm light. The client was smiling because the room looked calm and cosy.
The candles made the room warm and yellow. Slowly, everybody felt calm again. Selin brought some biscuits and a plate of fruit from the kitchen. Mr. Demir put the design papers on the table, next to the candles. Now the client could see the pictures on paper, not on a screen. While he was looking at the drawings, he was smiling more and more. He said the office felt like a cosy little café, not a cold business meeting.
The soft light changed the whole meeting. People were speaking in quiet, friendly voices. Two engineers were talking about their favourite films, and Merve was explaining the new design with a small torch. Nobody was in a hurry now. The rain was still falling outside, but inside the room was warm and calm. It did not feel like a normal work meeting at all.
After some time, the client began to ask questions about the new design. He liked the colours and the simple shapes. Merve answered every question with a big smile. The client said that his company wanted something fresh and modern, and this design was perfect. Little by little, he was becoming very interested in the project.
Twenty minutes later, while everyone was talking quietly, the lights came back on. The client said, 'This was the most relaxing meeting of my life!' He liked the design, and he signed the contract before he left.
Everybody was very happy about the new contract. It was an exciting moment for the small company. The client was important, and now Baytek had a lot of new and interesting work. Selin and Merve were celebrating quietly with a hot cup of tea in the kitchen. Mr. Demir was smiling for the first time that day. He thanked Merve again and again for the old candles, and everyone was laughing about the strange start to the meeting.
That evening, Selin told the story to her family at dinner. Her children thought it was very funny and exciting. Mark wrote a short message to the team: 'Great work today, everybody!' Even Mr. Demir, who was nervous in the morning, felt proud and happy at the end of the day. A difficult morning became one of the best days of the year for the small team.
After the client went home, the team cleaned the room and laughed about the strange morning. It was not a normal Tuesday, but it was a day that nobody at Baytek forgot.
The next day, everyone at Baytek was still talking about the power cut. It quickly became a funny story in the office. For weeks, people said, 'Do you remember the morning of the candles?' and then they laughed together. Sometimes a small problem can become a good memory. When you work with kind and calm people, even a dark and rainy Tuesday can turn into a bright and memorable day. And that is why nobody at Baytek will ever forget that strange morning.
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Complete the sentences with the correct past form from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki doğru geçmiş yapıyla tamamla.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. What were Selin and Mark doing at nine o'clock?
2. What did the team do when the lights went out?
3. How did the day end?
Metinde and, but, so, because, when, while, before ve after bağlaçlarını bul — her biri en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu bağlaçları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
A speaker remembers growing up in the 1990s. (Bir konuşmacı 90'larda büyümesini anlatıyor.)
You will hear a short talk about the speaker's childhood. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Konuşmacının çocukluğu hakkında kısa bir konuşma dinleyeceksin. Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)
Write and submit your story; your teacher will review it. (Hikâyeni yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Bir hikâye, alt alta dizilmiş cümleler değildir. What makes a story flow is connectors (bağlaçlar): olayları birbirine bağlar, sırayı ve ilişkiyi gösterirler. Bu ünitede özellikle when ve while işine yarayacak — çünkü süren bir eylemi (Past Continuous) kesen bir olaya (Past Simple) bağlarlar.
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Ne işe yarar? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | ve | Ekleme yapar | We laughed and talked all night. |
| but | ama | Zıtlık gösterir | It was cold but sunny. |
| so | bu yüzden | Sonuç bildirir | It was raining, so we stayed in. |
| because | çünkü | Sebep bildirir | I was happy because my friends came. |
| when | -diğinde | Kısa/ani olay | I was cooking when the bell rang. |
| while | -irken | Süren eylem | While we were eating, music played. |
| after | -den sonra | Sonraki olay | After the party, we went home. |
| before | -den önce | Önceki olay | We ate before the film started. |
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | Bağlaçlı akıcı yazı ✓ |
|---|---|
| It was my birthday. We were sitting in the garden. It started to rain. We went inside. We were happy. | It was my birthday, and we were sitting in the garden when it started to rain. So we went inside, but we were still happy. |
Bir anlatı paragrafı üç bölümden oluşur. This skeleton is the same every time — içini değiştirirsin, yapıyı değiştirmezsin:
| Bölüm | Ne yazılır? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Giriş (Opening) | Gün ne zamandı, genel his | Last summer, I had a really memorable day. |
| 2. Gövde (Body) | Ne oluyordu ve ne oldu — Past Continuous + Past Simple, when/while ile | While we were walking on the beach, we saw... |
| 3. Kapanış (Closing) | Son bir yorum / neden unutulmaz | I will never forget that day. |
Write about a memorable day from your past. (Geçmişinden unutulmaz bir günü anlat.) Use the Past Continuous and the Past Simple together.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading + listening. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma + dinleme.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Oturum kontrol ediliyor...