Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Geçmişte düzenli yaptığın ama artık yapmadığın bir şeyi anlatmak istediğinde used to kullanırız: "I used to play football, but now I don't." Aynı yapı, geçmişte doğru olan ama bugün değişmiş durumları da anlatır: "She used to have long hair." Türkçedeki "eskiden ... -ardı / -erdi" mantığının tam karşılığıdır.
Bu bölümde dört şeyi öğreneceğiz: olumlu yapı (used to + fiil), olumsuz yapı (didn't use to), soru yapısı (Did ... use to?) ve used to ile past simple arasındaki fark. Adım adım gidelim.
Yapı çok basittir ve bütün öznelerde aynıdır — I, you, he, she, it, we, they için hiç değişmez. Fiil her zaman yalın halde (base form) gelir; -s, -ed, -ing eklenmez.
| Özne | Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | used to + fiil | They used to live here. |
| He / She / It | used to + fiil (yine -s YOK) | She used to work here. |
Olumsuzda didn't kullanırız ve çok önemli bir kural devreye girer: didn't'ten sonra fiil "used to" değil, use to olur (sondaki -d düşer). Çünkü olumsuzluğu zaten did taşır.
Soruda cümlenin başına Did gelir ve yine fiil use to (d'siz) olur. Mantık olumsuzla aynıdır: soruyu ve olumsuzluğu did taşıdığı için "used" değil "use" yazarız.
| Soru | Kısa cevap |
|---|---|
| Did you use to play tennis? | Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. |
| Did she use to live abroad? | Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. |
| Where did they use to go? | They used to go to the coast. |
İkisi de geçmişten bahseder, ama işleri farklıdır. used to geçmişte tekrar eden alışkanlıklar ve artık geçerli olmayan durumlar içindir. Past simple ise geçmişte bir kez olup biten olaylar ya da belirli bir zaman verildiğinde kullanılır.
| used to (alışkanlık/durum) | Past simple (tek olay/belirli zaman) |
|---|---|
| I used to smoke. | I smoked a cigarette yesterday. |
| We used to visit them a lot. | We visited them last Sunday. |
| She used to live in Izmir. | She moved to Izmir in 2019. |
used to özellikle o zamanlar / şimdi (then / now) karşılaştırması yaparken çok işine yarar. Geçmişteki halinle bugünkü halini karşılaştırırsın.
Türkçe konuşanların used to yapısında en sık yaptığı hatalar aşağıda. Kendi cümlelerini yazarken bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| I use to play football. | I used to play football. | Olumlu cümlede -d unutulmaz: used to. |
| I didn't used to smoke. | I didn't use to smoke. | didn't'ten sonra use to (d düşer). |
| Did you used to live here? | Did you use to live here? | Soruda da use to (d düşer). |
| She used to playing tennis. | She used to play tennis. | used to'dan sonra yalın fiil (-ing yok). |
| He use to worked here. | He used to work here. | Fiil geçmiş değil, yalın olur. |
| I am used to have a bike. | I used to have a bike. | Geçmiş alışkanlık için "used to", "am used to" değil. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Two old friends talk about their childhood. Koyu yazılan used to yapılarına dikkat ederek iki kez oku:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then talk about your past habits in your own sentences. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra geçmiş alışkanlıklarını kendi cümlelerinle anlat.)
Write 8 sentences about your past habits — things you used to do (or didn't). Use at least 8 of the words above. (Geçmiş alışkanlıklarını anlatan 8 cümle yaz — eskiden yaptığın ya da yapmadığın şeyler. Yukarıdaki kelimelerden en az 8'ini kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Before you read, think about these three questions (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler): village · childhood · memory · remember · quiet · free · nowadays · used to · didn't use to
My name is Emre, and I love listening to my grandmother's stories about the past. She often tells me how different life used to be when she was a young girl in a small village near Trabzon.
"We didn't use to have a television," she says. "In the evenings, the whole family used to sit around the fire, and my father used to tell long stories. I used to listen for hours." Life was slower then, but she says people used to talk to each other much more.
My grandmother used to walk to school every day. The school was far away, so she used to leave home before sunrise. "We didn't use to have cars in the village," she explains. "Did we complain? No! We used to sing on the way, and we were happy."
Food was different too. Her family used to grow their own vegetables, and they used to keep chickens behind the house. They didn't use to buy much from shops, because there weren't many shops nearby.
My grandmother's house used to be small and simple. It had two rooms and a big garden. There used to be no bathroom inside the house. They used to wash outside, and in winter they used to heat the water on the fire. "We didn't use to have hot water in the tap," she says. "But we were clean, and we were healthy."
Water was very important in the village. There used to be a well near the house. Every morning, my grandmother used to carry water in big buckets. The buckets used to be heavy, so her brothers used to help her. "We didn't use to waste water," she says. "We used to save every drop."
In the past, people used to make many things at home. My grandmother's mother used to bake bread twice a week. The whole house used to smell of warm bread. My grandmother used to help her. She used to clean the kitchen and cut the vegetables. "I used to love that smell," she tells me. "Now I buy bread from the shop, but it is not the same."
The village used to be very quiet at night. There used to be no street lights. When the sun went down, the sky used to be full of stars. My grandmother used to sit outside with her cousins. They used to look at the stars and talk. "We didn't use to have phones," she says. "So we used to look at the sky."
Children in the village used to play outside all day. They didn't use to have toys from a shop. They used to make their own games. My grandmother used to play with a ball of old cloth. She used to run in the fields with her friends. "We used to laugh so much," she says. "We didn't use to feel bored."
Winters used to be very cold. Snow used to cover the roads for many weeks. The family used to stay inside near the fire. My grandmother's father used to bring wood every day. They used to drink hot tea and eat dried fruit. "We didn't use to go far in winter," she says. "But the house used to be warm and safe."
Neighbours used to help each other a lot. When one family needed help, everybody used to come. They used to build houses together, and they used to pick fruit together. "We didn't use to feel alone," my grandmother says. "The village used to be like one big family."
News used to travel slowly in those days. There used to be no internet and no mobile phones. People used to write letters to their family in the city. My grandmother used to wait many days for a letter. "When a letter came, we used to be so happy," she says. "We used to read it many times."
On special days, the village used to have big parties. At weddings, everybody used to dance and sing. The women used to cook for two or three days. My grandmother used to wear her best dress. "We didn't use to have much money," she says, "but our weddings used to be full of joy."
My grandmother also used to work hard in the fields. In summer, the whole family used to pick tomatoes and beans. They used to start early, before it got hot. "We used to be tired," she says, "but we used to eat fresh food every day. It used to taste wonderful."
Animals used to be a big part of village life. My grandmother's family used to have two cows and some sheep. She used to give them water and food every day. She used to know each animal by name. "I used to talk to the cows," she laughs. "They used to be my friends."
There used to be a small market in the town near the village. Once a week, the family used to walk there to sell eggs and fruit. My grandmother used to love market day. She used to see many people and hear the news. "We didn't use to go often," she says, "so market day used to be very special."
Clothes used to be different too. My grandmother's mother used to make clothes for the whole family. She used to sew by hand in the long evenings. They didn't use to buy new clothes often. "We used to wear our clothes for many years," my grandmother says. "When a shirt got a hole, we used to mend it. We didn't use to throw things away."
People in the village used to be very healthy. They used to eat simple, fresh food, and they used to walk everywhere. When someone got sick, the old women used to make tea from plants. "We didn't use to go to the doctor often," my grandmother says. "The doctor used to live far away, in the town."
When my grandmother was young, she used to dream about the city. She used to think that life there was easy and exciting. "I used to want a big house and nice clothes," she says. "But now I know that the village gave me something better."
The village has changed a lot now. Young people used to stay and work on the land, but today most of them live in cities. The old well is dry, and some houses are empty. My grandmother visits the village once a year. "It used to be so full of life," she says quietly. "Now it is very quiet."
Today, my grandmother lives in a big city. She has a phone, a television and a warm flat. Life is easier now, but she says she still misses the old days. "I used to feel free," she tells me. "Now everything is fast." When I visit her, I always ask, "Grandma, did you use to be happier then?" She smiles and says, "Maybe I did."
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to (used to / didn't use to / use to / did) or the missing verb, based on the text. (Cümleleri metne göre doğru "used to" biçimiyle ya da eksik fiille tamamla.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. What did the family use to do in the evenings?
2. How did the grandmother get to school, and why did she leave home so early?
3. How does the grandmother feel about life now, compared with the past?
Metinde used to (olumlu), didn't use to (olumsuz) ve Did ... use to? (soru) yapılarını bul — hepsi en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu yapıları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
Play a past-habits game, then do the extra practice quiz. (Geçmiş alışkanlıklar oyunu oyna, sonra ekstra alıştırma testini yap.)
Geçmişteki halinle bugünkü halini karşılaştır. Say what you used to do or didn't use to do, then say what is true now. Partnerin de kendi cümlesini kurar. Önce örnek diyaloğa bak:
Şimdi sıra sende. Say each of these out loud with used to — sesli olarak. Mümkünse bir arkadaşınla konuş. Amaç: geçmiş alışkanlıklarını rahatça anlatabilmek.
Söylediğin "then & now" cümlelerini yazıya dök ve öğretmenine gönder — istersen. (Write down your then & now sentences and submit them for feedback — optional.) 4-6 cümle, her birinde used to kullan.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your speaking task.)
10 questions on used to — positive, negative, questions and past simple mixed. (10 soru: karışık used to.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Write and submit your paragraph; your teacher will review it. (Paragrafını yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Kısa, kopuk cümleler bir yazıyı zayıf gösterir. What makes writing about the past sound natural is used to: geçmiş alışkanlıklarını ve artık değişmiş durumları net biçimde anlatır. Bir de bağlaçları (and, but, so, because, when...) eklersen, yazın gerçek bir metne dönüşür.
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | used to + bağlaç ile ✓ |
|---|---|
| I was a child. I lived in a village. I played outside. Now I live in a city. | When I was a child, I used to live in a village, and I used to play outside all day, but now I live in a busy city. |
A2 boyunca öğrendiğin bağlaçlar. This is your toolbox — bunları used to yapılarıyla birlikte kullan:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| and | ve | I used to read and draw a lot. |
| but | ama | I used to be shy, but now I'm not. |
| so | bu yüzden | We didn't use to have a car, so we walked. |
| because | çünkü | I miss the village because it was quiet. |
| when | -diğinde | I used to play outside when I was young. |
Write about how your life used to be when you were younger. (Daha küçükken hayatının nasıl olduğunu anlat.) Use used to.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: used to grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: used to grameri + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Bu, A2 seviyesinin son ünitesiydi. Geçmiş zamanlardan geleceğe, karşılaştırmalardan koşul cümlelerine ve şimdi geçmiş alışkanlıklara (used to) kadar bütün üniteleri tamamladın. Artık geçmişini, alışkanlıklarını ve olayları çok daha zengin cümlelerle anlatabilirsin. Sıradaki durak: B1. Emeğin için kendini kutla ve öğrenmeye devam et.
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