Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Bazen bir şeyin fazla olduğunu söylemek istersin: "This coffee is too hot." Bazen yeterli olduğunu: "The room is big enough." Bazen de bir sıfatı vurgulamak istersin: "The film was so boring!" Sounds much more natural, right? İşte bu dört küçük kelime — too, enough, so ve such — cümlelerine tam olarak bu tadı verir.
Bu bölümde dört yapıyı öğreneceğiz: too (aşırılık: gereğinden fazla), enough (yeterlilik), so (sıfatı vurgular) ve such (isim öbeğini vurgular). Then we will learn the exact difference between them, because Turkish speakers often mix them up. Adım adım gidelim.
too, bir şeyin gereğinden fazla olduğunu söyler ve içinde her zaman bir problem vardır. "Çok" değil, "aşırı / fazla" diye düşün: "too hot" = içilemeyecek kadar sıcak. It always comes before the adjective or adverb:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe mantığı |
|---|---|---|
| too + sıfat | The bag is too heavy. | taşınamayacak kadar ağır |
| too + zarf | You drive too fast. | tehlikeli olacak kadar hızlı |
| too + sıfat + to | It's too cold to swim. | yüzülemeyecek kadar soğuk |
| too much + sayılamayan | There is too much salt. | fazla tuz (sayılamaz) |
| too many + sayılabilen | There are too many cars. | fazla araba (sayılabilir) |
enough, "yeterince" demektir. En kritik nokta yeri: sıfat/zarfın SONRASINA, ama ismin ÖNÜNE gelir. Türkçedeki tek "yeterince" kelimesi İngilizcede iki farklı yerde durur:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| sıfat + enough | The room is big enough. | yeterince büyük (enough SONRA) |
| zarf + enough | He runs fast enough. | yeterince hızlı |
| enough + isim | We have enough chairs. | yeterince sandalye (enough ÖNCE) |
| sıfat + enough + to | She is old enough to drive. | araba sürebilecek kadar büyük |
İkisi de miktarla ilgilidir ama zıt yöndedir. too = fazla (problem var); enough = tam yeterli (sorun yok); not enough = az (yetersiz). Aynı durumu üç şekilde de söyleyebilirsin:
| Durum | Cümle | Anlamı |
|---|---|---|
| fazla | The coffee is too hot. | İçemem — aşırı sıcak. |
| yeterli | The coffee is hot enough. | Tam iyi — içebilirim. |
| az | The coffee is not hot enough. | Soğuk — biraz daha ısınsın. |
so, "o kadar / çok" demektir ve bir sıfatı ya da zarfı güçlendirir. Yanında isim yoktur. Sık sık "so + sıfat + that" (o kadar ... ki) kalıbında görürsün:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| so + sıfat | The film was so long. | Film çok uzundu. |
| so + zarf | She sings so well. | O kadar güzel şarkı söylüyor. |
| so + sıfat + that | It was so cold that we left. | O kadar soğuktu ki gittik. |
| so much / so many | I have so much work. | O kadar çok işim var ki. |
such de "öyle / o kadar" demektir, ama yanında bir isim vardır. Yapı: such + a/an + (sıfat) + tekil isim. Çoğul ya da sayılamayan isimde "a/an" düşer:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| such + a + sıfat + tekil | It was such a good film. | Öyle güzel bir filmdi ki. |
| such an + sıfat + tekil | She is such an honest girl. | Öyle dürüst bir kız ki. |
| such + sıfat + çoğul | They are such kind people. | Öyle nazik insanlar ki (a yok). |
| such + sıfat + that | It was such a hot day that we stayed in. | O kadar sıcak bir gündü ki içeride kaldık. |
Türkçe konuşanların too / enough / so / such ile en sık yaptığı hatalar aşağıda. Özellikle so (sıfatla) ile such (isimle) ve enough'un yerine dikkat et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| The tea is enough hot. | The tea is hot enough. | enough sıfattan SONRA gelir. |
| We don't have money enough. | We don't have enough money. | enough isimden ÖNCE gelir. |
| It was so a nice day. | It was such a nice day. | İsim varsa such (so değil). |
| The people are such nice. | The people are so nice. | İsim yok, sadece sıfat → so. |
| This soup is too much spicy. | This soup is too spicy. | Sıfattan önce "too" (too much değil). |
| She is such a kind. / such kind woman. | She is such a kind woman. | such + a + sıfat + tekil isim. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Two friends talk about a new flat. Koyu yazılan too / enough / so / such yapılarına dikkat ederek iki kez oku:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then use too, enough, so and such in your own sentences. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra too / enough / so / such'ı kendi cümlelerinde kullan.)
Write 8 sentences about things around you (food, your room, the weather, your town...). Use at least 8 of the words above. (Çevrendeki şeyler hakkında 8 cümle yaz. Yukarıdaki kelimelerden en az 8'ini kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Before you read, think about these three questions (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler): tired · quiet · warm · delicious · space · friendly · too · enough · so · such
Last month Mia moved to a new city for her first job. She found a small flat near the office. At first she was worried, because the flat was too small for all her boxes. There was not enough space for her big sofa, so she gave it to a neighbour. "The rooms are so tiny!" she thought on the first day.
Moving day was very hard work. Mia had ten big boxes and two old bags. The boxes were too heavy to carry alone, so a man from the moving van helped her. The lift in the building was small. It was not big enough for all the boxes, so they used it again and again. Up and down, up and down. By the evening, Mia was so tired that she sat on the floor and ate a cold sandwich. There were boxes everywhere, on the bed and on the chairs. "This is such a mess!" she said, but she laughed. That first night, the flat felt strange and a little empty.
But Mia soon changed her mind. The flat was quiet enough to sleep well, and it was warm enough in winter. The kitchen was small, but it had enough light for her plants. Best of all, the building was in such a friendly neighbourhood that she felt at home very fast.
Little by little, Mia made the flat her home. The kitchen was too small for a big table, so she bought a small one for two people. She put her books on a shelf near the window. There was just enough room for her green plants, and they were happy in the morning sun. The bedroom was quiet enough for good sleep, and the bed was comfortable enough after a long day at work. Mia painted one wall a soft green colour. She hung two pictures and put a warm rug on the floor. Now the flat did not feel empty at all. It felt warm and friendly, and every small corner was hers. She was proud of her new home.
Her neighbour, Tom, was such a kind man. He was old enough to be her father, and he knew everyone on the street. "This area is so safe," he told her. "You are lucky." On Saturday, Tom's wife made too much soup, so she brought a warm bowl to Mia. It was so delicious that Mia asked for the recipe.
The street was quiet and clean. There was a small shop on the corner, and it was close enough to reach in two minutes. The woman in the shop was so kind that she always said hello with a big smile. At the weekend, the neighbours often sat outside and talked together. Tom knew all their names. He told Mia about the best baker in the area, and about the green park behind the building. "You will love it here," he said. "The people are so friendly, and the streets are safe enough for a walk at night." Mia was very happy to have such good neighbours. She did not feel alone in the new city any more.
The office was close enough to walk to, so Mia was never too tired in the morning. She saved money on the bus, and she had time for a short walk in the park. Life in the small flat was becoming easy.
Every morning, Mia walked to work in about fifteen minutes. The road was not too long, and the cool, fresh air made her feel awake. On the way, she passed the park, the little shop, and a small coffee place. Sometimes she bought a warm drink, but she was careful with her money. At work, she was busy, but she was happy too. Her new job was hard enough to be interesting, but it was not too hard for her. In the evening, she cooked a simple dinner, read a book, or called her mother. On some evenings she was so tired that she went to bed early. But she was never too tired to water her plants. Her days were calm and full.
Of course, the small flat was not perfect. One corner of the living room was too dark in the evening. It was not bright enough to read a book there. So Mia bought a small lamp, and soon the problem was gone. She also missed her big old sofa a little. But one day she found a small, cheap sofa online. It was just big enough for two people, and it was light enough to carry up the stairs. "A small home is enough for me," she thought with a smile. "I don't need too many things to be happy." She felt calm and free.
On her first free weekend, Mia explored the city. It was such an interesting place, with old streets and busy markets. She met a girl from her office called Lily, and they had lunch together. The little café was so nice that they stayed for two hours. "Your flat is small, but it sounds lovely," Lily said. "And this city is so exciting!" Mia agreed. She was learning that a happy life is not about big rooms or expensive things. It is about good people, quiet evenings, and a home that feels right.
The weeks passed, and Mia learned to know the flat in every season. In summer, the rooms were sometimes too hot, so she opened the windows in the evening. In winter, the small heater was strong enough to keep her warm. When it rained, she liked to stay inside with a cup of tea. The flat was so cosy that she never felt bored. She often looked out of the window at the busy street below. "I was worried at first," she thought, "but this little flat was the right choice. I have enough of everything I need."
After two weeks, Mia wrote to her mother: "The flat is small, but it is good enough for me. The people here are so warm, and the city is such an exciting place. I am really happy."
Her mother wrote back quickly. She was very happy for her daughter. "A home is not about size," she wrote. "A home is about the people and the feeling inside it." Mia read the words again and smiled. She looked around her small, bright flat. The plants were green, the room was warm, and outside she could hear her friendly neighbours talking. It was not a big place, but for her it was more than enough. It was such a good start to her new life, and Mia knew she had chosen well.
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Complete the sentences with too, enough, so or such from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki doğru kelimeyle tamamla: too / enough / so / such.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. Why was Mia worried on the first day?
2. What did Tom and his wife do for Mia?
3. Why is Mia happy in the end?
Metinde too, enough, so ve such yapılarını bul — her biri birden çok kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu yapıları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
Play a reaction game, then do the extra practice quiz. (Bir tepki oyunu oyna, sonra ekstra alıştırma testini yap.)
Bir kişi bir durum söyler, diğeri too / enough / so / such ile tepki verir. A says a situation; B reacts with the right structure. Önce örnek diyaloğa bak:
Şimdi sıra sende. Say a sentence about each of these out loud using too, enough, so or such — sesli olarak. Mümkünse bir arkadaşınla oyna. Amaç: yapıları rahatça kullanabilmek.
Söylediğin cümleleri yazıya dök ve öğretmenine gönder — istersen. (Write down your sentences and submit them for feedback — optional.) 4-6 cümle, her birinde too / enough / so / such kullan.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your speaking task.)
10 questions on too, enough, so and such mixed. (10 soru: karışık too / enough / so / such.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Write and submit your paragraph; your teacher will review it. (Paragrafını yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Sadece "good", "bad", "big" demek bir yazıyı düz bırakır. What makes writing sound natural and mature is words like too, enough, so and such: bir şeyin fazla mı, yeterli mi olduğunu söyler, duyguyu vurgularlar. Bir de bağlaçları (and, but, because, when...) eklersen, yazın gerçek bir metne dönüşür.
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Düz cümleler ✗ | too / enough / so / such ile ✓ |
|---|---|
| My flat is small. It is a bit cold. My town is nice. I like it. | My flat is too small for a big sofa, and it isn't warm enough in winter, but my town is such a nice place that I don't want to leave. |
A2 boyunca öğrendiğin bağlaçlar. This is your toolbox — bunları too / enough / so / such ile birlikte kullan:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| and | ve | It is small and too dark. |
| but | ama | The flat is small but warm enough. |
| because | çünkü | I love the café because it is so quiet. |
| when | -diğinde | It is too cold when winter comes. |
| after | -den sonra | I was so tired after the trip. |
Write about your home and your town. (Evini ve yaşadığın şehri/kasabayı anlat.) Use too, enough, so and such.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Bu, A2 seviyesinin son ünitesiydi. Geçmiş zamanlardan geleceğe, karşılaştırmalardan koşul cümlelerine ve şimdi too / enough / so / such yapılarına kadar 12 ünitenin tamamını tamamladın. Artık fazlalığı, yeterliliği ve vurguyu çok daha doğal cümlelerle anlatabilirsin. Sıradaki durak: B1. Emeğin için kendini kutla ve öğrenmeye devam et.
Genel İngilizce'ye Dön & B1'e Bak ›Oturum kontrol ediliyor...