Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Bazı şeyler her zaman doğrudur: suyu ısıtırsan kaynar, buzu ısıtırsan erir. Bu tür genel gerçekleri, kuralları ve talimatları anlatmak için zero conditional (sıfır koşul) kullanırız. İngilizcede bunu tek kalıpla söyleriz: "If you heat water, it boils." Buradaki if "eğer" değil, aslında "her ne zaman / -diğinde" anlamına gelir — çünkü sonuç hep aynıdır.
Dikkat et: her iki bölümde de fiil present simple (geniş zaman). "Will" ya da "would" yok. Bu bölümde yapıyı, if=when farkını, virgül kuralını ve talimat cümlelerini adım adım öğreneceğiz.
Zero conditional'ın iki bölümü vardır ve ikisi de present simple'dır. There is no future and no "will" here — hem koşul hem sonuç geniş zamandadır çünkü bu her zaman geçerli bir gerçektir.
| If bölümü (koşul) | Ana bölüm (sonuç) | Tam cümle |
|---|---|---|
| If + present simple | present simple | If you drop a glass, it breaks. |
| If you press this button | the machine starts | If you press this button, the machine starts. |
| If it rains | the ground gets wet | If it rains, the ground gets wet. |
Zero conditional'ın en tipik işi bilimsel gerçekleri ve değişmez kuralları anlatmaktır. Sebep-sonuç her seferinde aynı olduğu için geniş zaman kullanırız. Türkçedeki "-sa/-se ...-ir" mantığına çok benzer.
Zero conditional'da if yerine when kullanabilirsin ve anlam neredeyse aynı kalır. Çünkü sonuç her zaman gerçekleşir — "eğer" değil, "her ne zaman olursa" demektir. This is special to the zero conditional.
| if ile | when ile (aynı anlam) |
|---|---|
| If you heat ice, it melts. | When you heat ice, it melts. |
| If the sun goes down, it gets dark. | When the sun goes down, it gets dark. |
| If I drink coffee at night, I don't sleep. | When I drink coffee at night, I don't sleep. |
Sonuç bölümü bir emir / talimat da olabilir. Kurallar, tarifler ve makine talimatlarında bunu çok görürsün. Bu durumda ana bölüm emir kipiyle (yalın fiil) başlar.
| Koşul (if + present) | Sonuç (emir / talimat) |
|---|---|
| If the phone rings, | answer it politely. |
| If you feel sick, | see a doctor. |
| If the fire alarm rings, | leave the building. |
Cümleyi iki farklı sırayla kurabilirsin ve virgül bu sıraya bağlıdır. The rule is simple and it never changes:
| Sıra | Virgül? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| if bölümü önce | Evet, virgül var | If you freeze water, it becomes ice. |
| ana bölüm önce | Hayır, virgül yok | Water becomes ice if you freeze it. |
Türkçe konuşanların zero conditional'da en sık yaptığı hatalar aşağıda. Kendi cümlelerini yazarken bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| If you heat ice, it will melt. | If you heat ice, it melts. | Genel gerçek: "will" değil, present simple. |
| If you will press the button, it starts. | If you press the button, it starts. | If bölümünde de "will" kullanılmaz. |
| If it rains the ground gets wet. | If it rains, the ground gets wet. | If başta → virgül gerekir. |
| If water boil, it makes steam. | If water boils, it makes steam. | 3. tekil özne → fiile -s. |
| If you don't ate, you get hungry. | If you don't eat, you get hungry. | don't + yalın fiil (ate değil eat). |
| If you would mix red and white, you get pink. | If you mix red and white, you get pink. | "would" ikinci koşul içindir, burada değil. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Two colleagues talk about how things work in the café kitchen. Koyu yazılan sıfır koşul cümlelerine dikkat ederek iki kez oku:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then say general truths and rules in your own sentences. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra genel gerçekleri ve kuralları kendi cümlelerinde söyle.)
Write 8 sentences about general truths, rules and cause-and-effect. Use at least 8 of the words above. (Genel gerçekler, kurallar ve sebep-sonuç hakkında 8 cümle yaz. Yukarıdaki kelimelerden en az 8'ini kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Before you read, think about these three questions (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler): rule · machine · press · heat · happen · plant · healthy · always · if · when
The Green Café is a small, busy place with simple rules, and everyone follows them. If you work here, you learn the rules on your first day. The manager, Aylin, always says the same thing: if the team works together, the day is easier.
Aylin comes to the café early every morning. If she arrives first, she opens the door and turns on the lights. When the lights are on, the room feels warm and friendly. She has three workers: Mert, Deniz, and Sara. They are a small team, so they know each other well. If one worker is sick, the others help. If the café is quiet, they clean the shelves and talk. Aylin often says, "If we help each other, the work is never too hard." The team likes this idea, and they smile when they hear it.
The morning has a simple plan too. If it is eight o'clock, the café opens. When the door opens, the first customers come in for coffee and bread. If the bread is fresh, people are happy. If it is old, the staff do not sell it. So Aylin buys new bread every day. This is a small rule, but it is important, and nobody forgets it.
The first rule is about the coffee machine. If the red light comes on, the water is too hot. When the water is too hot, the coffee tastes bitter, so the staff wait. If the light turns green, they make the coffee. This rule never changes, and the coffee is always good.
The kitchen has other simple machines too. If the oven is very hot, the light on the door is red. When the light is red, the staff do not touch the tray. If the light is green, the tray is safe, and they take out the cake. There is also a small toaster. If you put the bread in for too long, it turns black. So the staff watch the clock. If they watch the time, the bread is always golden and soft. If a machine makes a strange noise, they turn it off and tell Aylin.
Aylin has a simple idea about customers. If the customers are happy, they come back. If they come back, the café makes money. "If you smile," she tells the staff, "people feel welcome." So the workers smile, even on a hard day.
Many customers come to the Green Café every day. Some of them are regulars, so Aylin knows their names. If a regular comes in, the staff say hello and ask about the day. When people feel welcome, they stay longer and they order more. If a customer is new, the staff give a small menu and explain the drinks. Aylin has a clear rule about this. "If we are kind to new people," she says, "they become regulars too." This simple rule works well, and the café is always busy and warm.
There are clear instructions on the wall too. If the phone rings, answer it politely. If a customer waits more than five minutes, offer a free cake. If you break a glass, tell Aylin at once. The rules are short, so nobody forgets them.
There are more instructions on the wall as well. If the floor is wet, put up a yellow sign. When people see the sign, they walk slowly and they do not fall. If the bin is full, take it outside. If the sugar bowl is empty, fill it again. The staff also wash their hands often. If your hands are clean, the food is safe. These rules are short and clear, so the café stays clean and tidy all day.
The workers learn small science facts too, and these facts help them every day. If you heat water to one hundred degrees, it boils. If you put water in the freezer, it turns to ice. When ice gets warm, it melts and becomes water again. If you leave milk out of the fridge for a long time, it goes bad. So the staff always keep the milk cold. If you mix hot coffee and cold milk, the drink becomes warm. These facts are always true, and everyone at the café remembers them.
A normal day at the Green Café is calm because of these rules. In the morning, if the weather is cold, people want hot coffee and warm soup. In the summer, when the weather is hot, they ask for cold drinks and ice cream. If the café is full, the staff work faster, but they stay calm. If a child comes in, they give a free biscuit and a big smile. At the end of the day, the team cleans every table and chair. If they clean well at night, the next morning is easy. Then Aylin locks the door and goes home happy.
The Green Café also cares about money and energy. If the sun is bright, the staff turn off some lights. When the lights are off, the café saves money. If a machine is not in use, they switch it off too. Aylin says, "If we save a little every day, we save a lot in a year." The team agrees, so they never waste water or power. If a tap drips, they close it well and check it later.
Outside the door, there are small green plants in pots. If you water the plants in the morning, they grow well. If you forget the water, the leaves go dry. When the sun is very hot, the plants need more water. Sara loves the plants, so she checks them every day. If the plants look happy, the café looks happy too. Many people take a photo when they walk past the door.
The café has a special rule for weekends. If it is Saturday, the café is very busy, so all four people work. When there are many customers, the team shares the jobs. If Mert makes the coffee, Deniz brings the plates. If the queue is long, Aylin helps at the till. They never shout, and they never run. If everyone is calm, the customers are calm too. This is the best rule of all. On a busy Saturday, if the cakes finish early, Aylin makes more in the kitchen. When new cakes are ready, the customers are happy again.
Science helps in the kitchen as well. If you heat milk slowly, it does not burn. If you keep the fruit in the fridge, it stays fresh for days. Everyone at the Green Café knows one thing for sure: if you follow the rules, the work is always easier and the customers stay healthy and happy.
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Complete the sentences from the text: use if/when or the correct present-simple verb. (Cümleleri metne göre tamamla: if/when ya da doğru geniş zaman fiili.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. What happens if the red light on the coffee machine comes on?
2. According to Aylin, what happens if the customers are happy?
3. How does science help in the café kitchen? Give two examples.
Metinde if ve when ile kurulmuş sıfır koşul cümlelerini bul. (Writing bölümünde bu yapıyı kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Ayrıca sonuç bölümü bir talimat/emir olan cümleleri de not et; sonra kontrol et.
Play a cause-and-effect game, then do the extra practice quiz. (Bir sebep-sonuç oyunu oyna, sonra ekstra alıştırma testini yap.)
Bir kişi bir koşul (if...) söyler, diğeri onu bir genel gerçekle tamamlar. Say an "if" part, and let your partner finish it with a present-simple result. Önce örnek diyaloğa bak:
Şimdi sıra sende. Complete each idea out loud with a zero conditional — sesli olarak, If + present, present kullanarak. Mümkünse bir arkadaşınla oyna. Amaç: bir genel gerçeği rahatça söyleyebilmek.
Söylediğin if-then cümlelerini yazıya dök ve öğretmenine gönder — istersen. (Write down your if-then sentences and submit them for feedback — optional.) 4-6 cümle, her birinde bir zero conditional kullan.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your speaking task.)
10 questions on the zero conditional — if/when, present simple and the comma rule mixed. (10 soru: karışık sıfır koşul.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Write and submit your paragraph; your teacher will review it. (Paragrafını yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Kurallar, tarifler ve genel gerçekler yazarken en doğru araç zero conditional'dır: sebep-sonuç ilişkisini tek, temiz bir kalıpta anlatır (If + present, present). Bir de bağlaçları (and, but, so, because...) eklersen, yazın hem net hem akıcı olur.
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | Zero conditional + bağlaç ile ✓ |
|---|---|
| Water is important. You don't drink it. You get tired. This is a problem. | Water is important, so if you don't drink it, you get tired, and that is a problem because a tired body works slowly. |
A2 boyunca öğrendiğin bağlaçlar. This is your toolbox — bunları zero conditional cümlelerle birlikte kullan:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| and | ve | If you eat well and sleep, you stay healthy. |
| but | ama | Ice melts if it is warm, but it freezes if it is cold. |
| so | bu yüzden | Fire is dangerous, so if you touch it, it burns you. |
| because | çünkü | Plants die because if you don't water them, they dry. |
| when | -diğinde (=if) | When the sun goes down, it gets dark. |
Write about the rules and general truths in your life — at home, at school, or about health. (Hayatındaki kuralları ve genel gerçekleri anlat — evde, okulda ya da sağlık hakkında.) Use the zero conditional.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Bu, A2 seviyesinin son ünitesiydi. Geçmiş zamanlardan geleceğe, karşılaştırmalardan koşul cümlelerine kadar 12 ünitenin tamamını tamamladın. Bu son ünitede sıfır koşul (zero conditional) ile genel gerçekleri, kuralları ve talimatları net cümlelerle anlatmayı öğrendin. Sıradaki durak: B1. Emeğin için kendini kutla ve öğrenmeye devam et.
Genel İngilizce'ye Dön & B1'e Bak ›Oturum kontrol ediliyor...