Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Bu ünitede İngilizcenin en kullanışlı kalıplarından birini öğreniyorsun: there is / there are. Türkçedeki "var" anlamını verir — bir yerde neyin bulunduğunu söylemenin tek yolu budur. Ofisini, binanı, odanı tarif ederken hep bu kalıbı kullanacaksın:
Dikkat: buradaki "there", "orada" demek değildir. "There is/are" kalıp olarak tek bir anlam taşır: var. Bu bölümde olumlu, olumsuz ve soru hâllerini, some/any kuralını ve eşyaların yerini söylemek için gereken yer edatlarını (in, on, next to...) tek tek işleyeceğiz.
Kural basittir: arkadan gelen isim tekilse there is, çoğulsa there are kullanılır. Cümle kurgusu: There is/are + nesne + yer.
| Form | Kısa form | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| There is + tekil isim | There's | There's a kitchen on this floor. | Bu katta bir mutfak var. |
| There is + a/an | There's | There is an elevator in the building. | Binada bir asansör var. |
| There are + çoğul isim | — | There are two printers in the office. | Ofiste iki yazıcı var. |
| There are + sayı | — | There are five floors in our building. | Binamızda beş kat var. |
Olumsuzda Türkçedeki "yok" anlamını veririz: there isn't (tekil) / there aren't (çoğul). Çoğul olumsuzda isimden önce genellikle any gelir.
| Tam form | Kısa form | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| There is not | There isn't | There isn't a cafe in the building. | Binada kafe yok. |
| There are not + any | There aren't any | There aren't any free desks. | Boş masa yok. |
Soru yapmak için is/are başa geçer: There is... → Is there...? Türkçedeki "var mı?" sorusunun karşılığıdır. Çoğul soruda isimden önce genellikle any gelir.
| Soru | Olumlu kısa cevap | Olumsuz kısa cevap |
|---|---|---|
| Is there a kitchen on this floor? | Yes, there is. | No, there isn't. |
| Is there an elevator? | Yes, there is. | No, there isn't. |
| Are there any meeting rooms? | Yes, there are. | No, there aren't. |
| Are there any windows in the room? | Yes, there are. | No, there aren't. |
Sayı belirtmeden "birkaç, bazı, hiç" anlamı vermek için some ve any kullanılır. Kural nettir — cümlenin türü hangisinin kullanılacağını belirler:
| Cümle türü | Kelime | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Olumlu | some | There are some chairs in the corridor. | Koridorda birkaç sandalye var. |
| Olumsuz | any | There aren't any free rooms now. | Şu an hiç boş oda yok. |
| Soru | any | Are there any windows in this office? | Bu ofiste hiç pencere var mı? |
Bir şeyin nerede olduğunu söylemek için yer edatları kullanılır. Önce şemaya bak, sonra tabloda ofis örnekleriyle incele:
| Edat | Türkçesi | Ofis örneği | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| in | içinde | The printer is in Room 3. | Yazıcı 3 numaralı odada. |
| on | üstünde / (kat için) -de | Our office is on the third floor. | Ofisimiz üçüncü katta. |
| under | altında | The bag is under the desk. | Çanta masanın altında. |
| next to | yanında | The printer is next to the window. | Yazıcı pencerenin yanında. |
| between | arasında | My desk is between Ali's desk and the wall. | Masam Ali'nin masasıyla duvarın arasında. |
| opposite | karşısında | The kitchen is opposite the elevator. | Mutfak asansörün karşısında. |
| in front of | önünde | There is a car in front of the entrance. | Girişin önünde bir araba var. |
| behind | arkasında | The parking lot is behind the building. | Otopark binanın arkasında. |
| near | yakınında | There is a cafe near the office. | Ofisin yakınında bir kafe var. |
Türkçe konuşanların "there is/are" ve yer edatlarıyla en sık yaptığı hatalar şunlardır. Kendi cümlelerini yazarken bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| There is two rooms. | There are two rooms. | Çoğul isim (two rooms) → there are. |
| There are a printer. | There is a printer. | Tekil isim (a printer) → there is. |
| Is there any chairs? | Are there any chairs? | Çoğul soruda "Are there any...?" kullanılır. |
| There isn't some coffee. | There isn't any coffee. | Olumsuzda some değil, any kullanılır. |
| The printer is in the next to the window. | The printer is next to the window. | "next to" tek başına yeterlidir; başına in/the gelmez. |
| The meeting room is in second floor. | The meeting room is on the second floor. | Kat söylerken on + the: on the second floor. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Deniz, ofise gelen bir ziyaretçiye binayı gezdiriyor. Aşağıdaki diyalog bu bölümde öğrendiğin yapıların tamamını kullanıyor — koyu yazılan yerlere dikkat ederek iki kez oku; ikinci okumada Türkçesini kapatmayı dene:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then use them in your own sentences. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra kendi cümlelerinde kullan.)
Write 8 sentences about your office, school or home building. Use at least 8 of the words above. (Ofisin, okulun veya binan hakkında 8 cümle yaz. En az 8 kelimeyi kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Okumaya başlamadan önce şu üç soruyu düşün (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler — gözün bunları arasın): floor · building · elevator · entrance · reception · meeting room · kitchen · parking lot · window · noisy
Dear colleagues, welcome to our new office! Baytek is now in the Marina Business Center, a modern building in Istanbul. This is a big change for our company, so please read this short guide before Monday.
The new office is in a very good place. It is in the center of the city. There are many shops near the office. There is a big park across the street. The park is green and quiet. You can walk in the park at lunch time. There is a bank next to the park, and there is a small market near the bank. The street is clean and safe.
How can you come to the office? It is easy. There is a bus stop in front of the building. The bus stops here every ten minutes. There is also a metro station near the office. You can walk from the metro station in five minutes. Many people come to work by bus or by metro. Do you have a car? You can park behind the building.
The building has five floors, and Baytek is on the third and fourth floors. The entrance is big and bright, and the reception is next to the entrance, so it is easy to find. Our receptionist, Ms. Kaya, is very friendly.
Let me tell you more about the building. The ground floor is for the reception and a small shop. Other companies are on the first and second floors. Baytek has two floors: the third floor and the fourth floor. There is a big elevator in the building, and there are stairs too. The elevator is fast and clean. The stairs are next to the elevator.
On the third floor, there are two meeting rooms, but there aren't any meeting rooms on the fourth floor. The rooms are new and modern, and there is a big table with ten chairs in each room.
The meeting rooms are on the third floor. They are big and bright. In each meeting room, there is a big table and ten chairs. There is a white board on the wall, and there is a large screen for your presentations. You can have your meetings here. The third floor is the busy floor of our office. Many people work and talk here every day.
The kitchen is on the third floor, opposite the elevator. There is free coffee and tea in the kitchen every morning. Behind the building, there is a parking lot with space for thirty cars, so you can come to work by car.
People like the kitchen very much. In the kitchen, there is a big fridge and a microwave. You can keep your lunch in the fridge. There are tables and chairs in the kitchen, so you can sit and eat with your friends. Please keep the kitchen clean and tidy.
The fourth floor is different. It is quiet. There aren't any meeting rooms on the fourth floor, but there are many desks. Every desk has a computer and a lamp. There is a big printer near the door. The manager's room is on the fourth floor, at the end of the corridor.
There are many teams at Baytek. The sales team is on the third floor, and the design team is on the fourth floor. Every team has its own desks. The people at Baytek are kind and friendly. On Friday, we have a small tea party in the kitchen. Everybody comes, and we talk about our week. It is a nice way to end the week.
The windows in the new office are very big, so the office is bright and warm. Every desk is near a window, and the office isn't noisy because the building is new and quiet.
Everybody likes the new office. It is bright and warm in the morning. Your desk is near a window, so you can see the city and the sky. The office is not noisy, and it is easy to work here. There are green plants in every room, and there are nice pictures on the walls. The office is a happy place.
The office is open from Monday to Friday. We start at nine o'clock in the morning, and we finish at six o'clock in the evening. There is a lunch break at one o'clock. On the weekend, the office is closed. The building has good light and fresh air, so it is a comfortable place for work.
The building is new and safe. There is a fire door on every floor, and there are lights in the corridor. There is a first aid box in the kitchen. There is a clean bathroom on each floor. On hot days, the air conditioning keeps the office cool. In winter, the office is warm.
Are you hungry at lunch time? There is good food near the office. The cafe near the entrance is small and warm, and the coffee there is very good. There are also two restaurants on the same street. One restaurant is Turkish, and the other one is Italian. The prices are not high. You can eat a good lunch and come back to work in one hour.
Here are some easy rules for the new office. Please come to work on time. Please keep your desk clean. Please turn off your computer in the evening. Do you have a question? You can talk to Ms. Kaya at the reception. She is friendly, and she can help you. There is a map of the building at the reception, so you can find every room easily.
We know the first day in a new office is not always easy. Please do not worry. On your first morning, come to the reception on the ground floor. Ms. Kaya has your key card and a small welcome pack. Then you can take the elevator to your floor. Your name is on your desk, so you can find your place quickly. Your computer is ready, and your email works from the first day.
We are very proud of our new home. This office is a big step for our company. We hope you feel happy and comfortable here every day. If you have any idea for the office, please tell your manager. We want this place to be good for all of us.
There isn't a cafeteria in the building, but there is a nice cafe near the entrance, and the sandwiches there are very good. We are happy in our new home — welcome, and see you on Monday!
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Complete the sentences with a word from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki bir kelimeyle tamamla.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. Is the office noisy? Why / why not?
2. What is there in each meeting room?
3. Where can employees drink free coffee in the morning?
Metinde and, but, so ve because bağlaçlarını bul — her biri en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu bağlaçları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
A man talks about countries he knows and loves. (Bir adam bildiği ve sevdiği ülkeleri anlatıyor.)
You will hear a short talk about countries. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Kısa bir konuşma dinleyeceksin. Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)
Write and submit your email; your teacher will review it. (E-postanı yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Cümleleri alt alta dizmek bir yazı oluşturmaz. Bir yazıyı cümle yığınından ayıran şey bağlaçlardır (connectors): cümleleri birbirine bağlar, fikirler arasındaki ilişkiyi gösterirler. A1 seviyesindeki beş bağlacı hatırla — bu ünitede ofis tarifi yaparken hepsini kullanacaksın:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Ne işe yarar? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | ve | Ekleme yapar | There is a kitchen and there are two meeting rooms. |
| but | ama | Zıtlık gösterir | The office is small but bright. |
| or | veya | Seçenek sunar | Is your desk on the third or the fourth floor? |
| so | bu yüzden | Sonuç bildirir | The windows are big, so the office is bright. |
| because | çünkü | Sebep bildirir | I like our office because it is quiet. |
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | Bağlaçlı akıcı yazı ✓ |
|---|---|
| Our office is on the third floor. There is a kitchen. There are two meeting rooms. The office is bright. It is not noisy. | Our office is on the third floor, and there is a kitchen next to the meeting rooms. The office is bright because the windows are very big, so it is a nice place to work. |
İş e-postası üç bölümden oluşur. Bu iskelet her e-postada aynıdır — içini değiştirirsin, yapıyı değiştirmezsin:
| Bölüm | Ne yazılır? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Açılış (Opening) | Selamlama + e-postanın amacını söyleyen ilk cümle | Dear Mr. Brown, Thank you for your email. Here is some information about our office. |
| 2. Gövde (Body) | Asıl bilgiler: bina, kat, ofiste neler olduğu, masana nasıl ulaşacağı. Bağlaçlarla bağla. | Our office is on the third floor. There is a parking lot behind the building, so you can come by car... |
| 3. Kapanış (Closing) | Nazik bitiş cümlesi + veda + isim | See you next week! Best regards, Deniz |
A customer is visiting your office next week. Write an email. Describe your office and how to find your desk. (Gelecek hafta ofise bir müşteri geliyor. Ofisi ve masana nasıl ulaşacağını anlatan bir e-posta yaz.)
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Oturum kontrol ediliyor...