Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Şimdiye kadar bugünü anlattın: "I work at Baytek.", "We have a meeting every Monday." Peki yarın, bu akşam, gelecek hafta ya da gelecek ay ne yapacaksın? Planlarını ve niyetlerini anlatmak için İngilizcede en sık kullanılan yapı be going to'dur:
Kısacası: bir şeyi yapmayı planlıyorsan ya da niyetin varsa, be going to kullanırsın. Bu, iş hayatının plan dilidir — toplantıları, projeleri ve gelecek adımları anlatmanın anahtarı. Bu bölümde yapıyı (am/is/are + going to + fiil), olumsuzu, soruyu ve gelecek zaman ifadelerini öğreneceksin.
Yapı üç parçadan oluşur: özneye uygun am / is / are, sonra going to, sonra YALIN fiil. Değişen tek şey baştaki "be" fiilidir — özneye göre seçilir:
| Özne | be going to | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am going to | I am going to send the report. | Raporu göndereceğim. |
| He / She / It (Selin, the team) | is going to | She is going to meet the client. | Müşteriyle görüşecek. |
| You / We / They | are going to | We are going to launch the app. | Uygulamayı piyasaya süreceğiz. |
Fiil hep yalın kalır — özne ne olursa olsun -ed almaz, -s almaz:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ |
|---|---|
| She is going to meets the client. | She is going to meet the client. |
| I am going to sent the email. | I am going to send the email. |
Olumsuz yapmak için be fiilinden sonra not eklersin: am/is/are + not + going to + fiil. Fiil yine yalın kalır:
| Olumlu | Olumsuz | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|
| I am going to work this weekend. | I am not going to work this weekend. | Bu hafta sonu çalışmayacağım. |
| She is going to call the supplier. | She isn't going to call the supplier. | Tedarikçiyi aramayacak. |
| They are going to sign today. | They aren't going to sign today. | Bugün imzalamayacaklar. |
Soru için be fiili başa gelir: Am / Is / Are + özne + going to + fiil? You are going to join. → Are you going to join?
| Soru | Olumlu kısa cevap | Olumsuz kısa cevap |
|---|---|---|
| Are you going to join the call? | Yes, I am. | No, I'm not. |
| Is she going to present it? | Yes, she is. | No, she isn't. |
| Are they going to sign it? | Yes, they are. | No, they aren't. |
"be going to" geleceğe bakar: planlarını ve niyetlerini anlatır. Cümleyi genelde bir gelecek zaman ifadesi tamamlar:
| Gelecek zaman ifadesi | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| tomorrow | yarın | I am going to call him tomorrow. |
| tonight / this afternoon | bu akşam / bu öğleden sonra | We are going to meet this afternoon. |
| next week / month / year | gelecek hafta / ay / yıl | She is going to start next week. |
| in two weeks / soon | iki hafta içinde / yakında | They are going to travel in two weeks. |
| on Monday | pazartesi günü | We are going to sign it on Monday. |
"be going to"da Türkçe konuşanların en sık yaptığı hatalar şunlardır. Kendi cümlelerini yazarken bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| I am going to sent the email. | I am going to send the email. | going to'dan sonra fiil yalın kalır. |
| She going to call the client. | She is going to call the client. | "be" (is) atlanmaz. |
| We is going to start soon. | We are going to start soon. | Özne uyumu: we ile "are". |
| He is going to meets us. | He is going to meet us. | Fiil yalın: "meet", "meets" değil. |
| — Are you going to help? — Yes, I going to. | — Are you going to help? — Yes, I am. | Kısa cevapta sadece "be" kalır. |
| I am going to work yesterday. | I am going to work tomorrow. | going to gelecektir; "yesterday" ile kullanılmaz. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Aşağıdaki diyalog yapıyı, olumsuzu ve soruları birlikte kullanıyor — koyu yazılan yerlere dikkat ederek iki kez oku; ikinci okumada Türkçesini kapatmayı dene:
"be going to" iş hayatında en çok işine yarayacak yapılardan biridir: bir sonraki adımını, toplantı planını, proje takvimini ve niyetlerini bununla anlatırsın. Artık bugünü, alışkanlıklarını ve şimdi olanı anlatabiliyordun; şimdi geleceğe de bakabiliyorsun. Bu ünitedeki am/is/are seçimini, olumsuzu ve soruyu sağlamlaştır — bir sonraki üniteye en güçlü halinle gir.
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the verbs, then use them with 'be going to' in your own sentences. (Fiilleri öğren, sonra 'be going to' ile kendi cümlelerinde kullan.)
Write 8 sentences about your plans for next week at work. Use at least 8 of the verbs above with 'be going to'. (Gelecek haftaki iş planların hakkında, yukarıdaki fiillerden en az 8'ini 'be going to' ile kullanarak 8 cümle yaz.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
Selin'i hatırlıyor musun? Baytek'te çalışan genç tasarımcı. Şimdi Selin, ekibinin önümüzdeki haftalar için planlarını anlatıyor — yeni bir proje, bir Berlin gezisi ve büyük bir lansman. Okumaya başlamadan önce şu üç soruyu düşün (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Verbs to spot (Metinde geçen, bu ünitede öğrendiğin plan fiilleri — gözün bunları arasın): start · prepare · finish · meet · present · hire · travel · visit · sign · launch
Selin is a young designer. She works at Baytek. Baytek is a small company in Istanbul. The company makes apps and websites for other companies. Selin likes her job very much. She works with a small but friendly team. Every morning, she comes to the office at nine o'clock. She sits at a big desk near the window. On her desk, there is a computer, a notebook, and a cup of coffee. This morning, Selin is very happy, because she has many plans for this month.
Baytek has an exciting month ahead. Next week, Selin's team is going to start a big new project for a customer from Germany, and everyone is busy with the plans.
This is not a normal month. It is a very busy month. The new customer is from Germany, and the customer wants a new app. The app is big and important. Everyone at Baytek is excited. The team has many jobs to do this month. They have meetings, plans, designs, and a trip. Selin looks at her calendar on the wall. There are many stars on it. Every star is an important day. 'This month is going to be great,' Selin thinks with a smile.
The German customer has a big shop. The shop sells shoes and bags. Now the customer wants an app for phones. People are going to use the app to buy shoes online. The app is going to be easy and fast. It is going to have nice pictures and clear buttons. Selin is going to design the first screens. She is going to make the app beautiful. The customer is going to like it. This is a big job, but Selin is not afraid. She is ready to work.
Baytek has a good team. Mr. Demir is the manager. He is calm, and he helps everyone. Mark is a designer, and he is Selin's best friend at work. Elif works in sales, and she talks to customers. There is also Deniz, and Deniz writes the code for the apps. The team is small, so everyone knows each other well. They eat lunch together every day. They laugh and share ideas. Selin is happy in this team, and this month they are going to do great work together.
This week, Selin is going to prepare the first designs. She is going to work with Mark, and they are going to finish the plan by Friday. On Thursday, the team is going to meet the customer online and discuss the details.
Selin likes to work with Mark. Mark is a good designer too. He is kind, and he works fast. Selin and Mark are going to share the work this week. Selin is going to draw the screens, and Mark is going to choose the colors. Every afternoon, they are going to sit together and check the designs. They are going to talk about small problems and fix them. On Wednesday, they are going to show the first designs to Mr. Demir. He is going to give them good ideas.
Thursday is an important day. The team is not going to travel this week. They are going to use a video call. Selin is going to open her laptop at two o'clock. Mark, Mr. Demir, and the customer are going to join the call. On the screen, they are going to see the customer from Germany. They are going to say hello and talk about the app. Selin is going to show the first designs on the screen. The customer is going to ask questions, and the team is going to answer them.
Next week is going to be very important. On Monday, the manager, Mr. Demir, is going to present the project to the whole company. After that, the team is going to hire two new designers because the project is big. Selin is going to help the new designers in their first week.
The two new designers are going to help the team a lot. The project is big, so the team needs more people. The new designers are going to learn fast. Selin is going to be their friend and helper. She is going to show them the office and the computers. She is going to explain the project step by step. She is going to answer all their questions. 'Don't worry,' Selin is going to say. 'We are a good team, and we are going to help each other every day.'
Monday is going to be a big day for Mr. Demir. He is going to stand in front of the whole company. He is going to use a big screen and show the plan. He is going to talk about the new app and the German customer. All the workers are going to listen and clap. Selin is going to sit in the front and watch. She is going to be proud of her team. After the presentation, everyone is going to have coffee together and talk about the project.
In two weeks, Selin and Elif are going to travel to Berlin. They are going to visit the customer's office and sign the contract. Selin is very happy because this is her first business trip. She isn't going to travel alone, so she isn't nervous.
Berlin is a big city in Germany. Selin is going to fly there with Elif. Elif works in the sales team. She is friendly, and she speaks good English. On the plane, they are going to read about the customer. At the airport in Berlin, a driver is going to wait for them. At the office, they are going to meet the customer's team. They are going to have a long meeting and then sign the contract. In the evening, Selin is going to take photos and send them to her family.
At the end of the month, the team is going to launch the first part of the project. They are not going to celebrate yet, but they are going to review the results together. 'We have a lot of work,' Selin says, 'and we are going to do it well!'
Selin is going to be very busy this month. She is going to work hard every day, and some days are going to be long. But Selin is not going to be sad, because she loves her job and her team. At the end of the month, the team is going to take a short break. After that, they are going to start the next part of the project. Selin is going to learn many new things, and she is going to be a better designer. 'This is a big month,' she says, 'and I am ready for it!'
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Complete the sentences with a verb from the text (base form after 'going to'). (Cümleleri metindeki bir fiille tamamla — 'going to'dan sonra yalın fiil.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. What is Selin going to do this week?
2. What are Selin and Elif going to do in Berlin?
3. Why isn't Selin nervous about the business trip?
Metinde and, but, so ve because bağlaçlarını bul — her biri en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu bağlaçları kendi plan anlatında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
Mixed questions from Future Plans and other A1 topics. ("be going to" + diğer A1 konularından karışık sorular.)
Bu bölüm bir karışık pekiştirmedir: 18 sorunun ağırlığı bu ünitenin konusu "be going to"da, ama aralara diğer A1 konularından da sorular serpiştirildi — was/were, geniş zaman, şimdiki zaman, zamirler, can, there is/are, some/any ve bağlaçlar. Böylece plan dilini öğrenirken önceki bilgilerini de tazeliyorsun. (18 questions: be going to + a mix from other A1 topics.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir; yanlış cevapta kısa Türkçe açıklama görürsün.
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 18 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Write and submit your email; your teacher will review it. (E-postanı yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Plan anlatısı, "be going to" cümlelerini zamana göre dizip bağlaçlarla bağlamaktır. A1'de öğrendiğin beş bağlaç plan anlatısında da aynen çalışır — bu kez "going to" cümlelerini bağlıyorlar:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Ne işe yarar? | Örnek (plan anlatı) |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | ve | Ekleme yapar | I am going to prepare the plan and send it to my manager. |
| but | ama | Zıtlık gösterir | I am going to travel, but I am not going to travel alone. |
| or | veya | Seçenek sunar | Are we going to meet online or at the office? |
| so | bu yüzden | Sonuç bildirir | The project is big, so we are going to hire new staff. |
| because | çünkü | Sebep bildirir | We are going to celebrate because we are going to finish early. |
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | Bağlaçlı akıcı anlatı ✓ |
|---|---|
| We are going to start a project. I am going to prepare the designs. We are going to hire people. I am going to travel. I am happy. | Next month we are going to start a big project, so I am going to prepare the first designs. The project is big, and we are going to hire new people. I am going to travel to Berlin, but I am not nervous because I am not going to travel alone. |
Bir arkadaşına planlarını anlatıyorsun — yapı aynıdır ama ton samimidir:
| Bölüm | Ne yazılır? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Açılış (Opening) | Samimi selamlama + hal hatır + haberi açan ilk cümle | Hi Ali, How are you? I have great news — we are going to start a big project! |
| 2. Gövde (Body) | Plan anlatı: bu hafta / gelecek hafta ne yapacaksın (be going to). Zaman ifadeleri + bağlaçlarla bağla. | First, I am going to prepare the designs, and next week we are going to meet the customer. In two weeks, I am going to travel to Berlin... |
| 3. Kapanış (Closing) | Samimi bitiş cümlesi + veda + isim | Visit me soon! Best wishes, Selin |
Write an email to a friend about your plans for the new project (or for next month at work). (Bir arkadaşına yeni proje / gelecek ay için planlarını anlatan bir e-posta yaz.)
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Tebrikler! Genel İngilizce A1 Ünite 18'i tamamladın. Artık gelecek planlarını "be going to" ile anlatabiliyorsun: bir sonraki toplantını, proje adımlarını, iş gezilerini ve niyetlerini İngilizce söyleyebilirsin. am/is/are seçimi, olumsuz ve soru yapıları elinde — bu, iş hayatının plan dilidir.
Bir sonraki üniteyle çalışmaya devam et; her ünite İngilizceni biraz daha güçlendiriyor. (Keep going — the next unit is waiting for you.)
Oturum kontrol ediliyor...