Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
İngilizcede öğreneceğin ilk ve en önemli yapı "be" fiilidir. Kim olduğunu, ne iş yaptığını, nereli olduğunu, nerede olduğunu ve nasıl hissettiğini söylemenin tek yolu budur. Yani kendini tanıtırken kuracağın hemen her cümle "be" ile kurulur:
Türkçede bu anlamı eklerle veririz: mühendisim, ofisteyim, yorgunum. İngilizcede ek yoktur; bunun yerine ayrı bir kelime olan "be" fiili kullanılır ve özneye göre am / is / are şeklinde değişir. Bu bölümde bu üç formu, olumsuz ve soru hâllerini, kısa cevapları ve en sık yapılan hataları tek tek işleyeceğiz.
İngilizcede her cümlenin görünür bir öznesi olmak zorundadır. Türkçede "Mühendisim." deriz, özne gizlidir; İngilizcede özneyi mutlaka söyleriz: "I am an engineer." Özne söylemeden kurulan cümle yanlıştır: "Am an engineer." ✗
| Pronoun | Türkçesi | Ne zaman? |
|---|---|---|
| I | ben | Kendinden bahsederken. Her zaman BÜYÜK harfle yazılır: "i" ✗ → "I" ✓ |
| you | sen / siz | Karşındaki kişi — tekil de çoğul da aynıdır: "you". Nazik hitap için ayrı bir "siz" yoktur. |
| he | o (erkek) | Bir erkekten bahsederken: "Mr. Demir? He is our manager." |
| she | o (kadın) | Bir kadından bahsederken: "Selin? She is the new designer." |
| it | o (cansız, hayvan, kavram) | Nesne, şirket, saat, hava: "The office? It is big." — Şirketten bahsederken de "it" kullanılır. |
| we | biz | Kendin + başkaları: "My team and I? We are busy." |
| they | onlar | Birden fazla kişi VEYA nesne: "Ali and Merve? They are engineers." / "The computers? They are new." |
Kural tektir ve hiç değişmez: I → am, he / she / it → is, you / we / they → are. Cümle kurgusu: Özne + am/is/are + geri kalanı.
| Tam form | Kısa form | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I am | I'm | I'm the new designer. | Yeni tasarımcıyım. |
| You are | You're | You're early today. | Bugün erkencisin. |
| He is | He's | He's in a meeting. | O toplantıda. |
| She is | She's | She's our manager. | O bizim yöneticimiz. |
| It is | It's | It's a software company. | O bir yazılım şirketi. |
| We are | We're | We're colleagues. | Biz iş arkadaşıyız. |
| They are | They're | They're very busy. | Onlar çok meşgul. |
Olumsuz yapmak için be'den sonra not ekleriz — Türkçedeki "değil" anlamını verir. Başka hiçbir kelimeye gerek yoktur.
| Tam form | Kısa form | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I am not | I'm not | I'm not busy now. | Şu an meşgul değilim. |
| He / She / It is not | isn't | He isn't here today. | O bugün burada değil. |
| You / We / They are not | aren't | They aren't in the office. | Onlar ofiste değil. |
Soru yapmak için be fiili öznenin önüne geçer — yer değiştirirler. Türkçedeki "mi" ekinin işini bu yer değişimi yapar: You are busy. → Are you busy?
| Soru | Olumlu kısa cevap | Olumsuz kısa cevap |
|---|---|---|
| Am I late? | Yes, you are. | No, you aren't. |
| Is he the manager? | Yes, he is. | No, he isn't. |
| Is the meeting at 11? | Yes, it is. | No, it isn't. |
| Are you from Ankara? | Yes, I am. | No, I'm not. |
| Are they engineers? | Yes, they are. | No, they aren't. |
Aşağıdaki altı durumun hepsinde Türkçe ek kullanır, İngilizce "be" kullanır. Bu tabloyu içselleştirdiğinde kendini tanıtmak için gereken her cümleyi kurabilirsin:
| Kullanım | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|
| Kimlik / isim | I'm Deniz. This is Mark. | Ben Deniz'im. Bu Mark. |
| Meslek (a/an ile) | She's an accountant. | O muhasebeci. |
| Memleket / milliyet | I'm from Izmir. He's Turkish. | İzmirliyim. O Türk. |
| Yer | She's at the office. We're in Room 3. | O ofiste. Biz 3 numaralı odadayız. |
| Durum / duygu | I'm busy. He's tired but happy. | Meşgulüm. Yorgun ama mutlu. |
| Saat / zaman | It's nine o'clock. The meeting is at 11. | Saat dokuz. Toplantı 11'de. |
Türkçe konuşanların "be" ile en sık yaptığı hatalar şunlardır. Kendi cümlelerini yazarken bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| I engineer. | I am an engineer. | "be" atlanamaz; meslekte a/an zorunlu. |
| He engineer is. | He is an engineer. | İngilizcede fiil sona gitmez: Özne + be + geri kalanı. |
| Is he is a manager? | Is he a manager? | Soru yaparken be bir kez, öznenin önünde. |
| They is busy. | They are busy. | they → are. (he/she/it → is) |
| My manager it is nice. | My manager is nice. | Özne zaten var; ikinci bir zamir eklenmez. |
| I'm agree. | I agree. | "agree" bir fiildir; be ile birlikte kullanılmaz. be yalnızca isim/sıfat/yerle kullanılır. |
| Yes, I'm. | Yes, I am. | Olumlu kısa cevapta kısaltma yapılmaz. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Aşağıdaki diyalog bu bölümde öğrendiğin yapıların tamamını kullanıyor — koyu yazılan yerlere dikkat ederek iki kez oku; ikinci okumada Türkçesini kapatmayı dene:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then use them in your own sentences. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra kendi cümlelerinde kullan.)
Write 8 sentences. Use at least 8 of the words above. (En az 8 kelimeyi kullanarak 8 cümle yaz.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Okumaya başlamadan önce şu üç soruyu düşün (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler — gözün bunları arasın): employee · company · office · manager · colleague · meeting · busy · new · friendly · job
Selin is a new employee at Baytek, a software company in Istanbul. Today is her first day, and she is a little nervous. She is at the office at nine o'clock — thirty minutes early! Her manager, Mr. Demir, is at the door. He is friendly. 'Good morning, Selin. Welcome to the team,' he says.
Selin lives in a small flat near the office. Every morning she is busy. She gets up early. Her breakfast is simple: bread, cheese, olives and tea. Her cat, Pamuk, is on the sofa. 'Goodbye, Pamuk. I am at work now,' Selin says. Then she takes the bus. The bus is full, but it is not slow. Selin looks at the city. The sky is blue and the day is warm. She is nervous, but she is also happy. 'I am ready. Today is a good day,' she says.
The office is big and modern. There are twenty people in Selin's department. Her colleagues are from different cities: Ankara, Izmir, Bursa and London. Two colleagues, Ali and Merve, are engineers. They are very busy today because there is a meeting at eleven o'clock.
The office is on the fifth floor. There are many desks, computers and green plants. The walls are white, and the windows are big. The light is good. On the desks, there are pens, papers and small cups. Selin's colleagues are kind. They smile and say hello. 'Are you the new designer?' a woman asks. 'Yes, I am,' Selin says. 'Welcome!' the woman says. Her name is Zeynep, and she is an accountant. Zeynep is nice, and Selin is not very nervous now.
There are many people at Baytek. Some are young, and some are older. They are engineers, designers and accountants. They work together every day. In the morning, they say 'Good morning.' In the evening, they say 'Goodbye.' The people are polite and helpful. When Selin has a question, a colleague is always there. 'Where is the meeting room, please?' Selin asks. 'It is next to the kitchen,' Zeynep says. Selin says, 'Thank you very much.'
Before the meeting, Mark, a friendly colleague from London, shows Selin the office. The kitchen is next to the meeting room, and the coffee is very good. 'But it is not free on Fridays!' Mark says. Selin laughs. Her new desk is near the window, so it is a nice place to work.
Mark is a good guide. He shows Selin every room. 'This is the meeting room. This is the kitchen. And here is the printer,' he says. The printer is old, but it works. There is a small quiet room for phone calls too. Near the door, there is a board with photos of the team. 'We are like a family here,' Mark says. Selin looks at the photos and smiles. The office is big, but it is friendly. 'Thank you, Mark,' she says. 'You are welcome,' he says.
At the meeting, Selin says, 'Hello, everyone. I'm Selin. I'm the new designer. I'm happy to be here.' Her colleagues smile. 'Nice to meet you, Selin. Welcome to Baytek!'
The meeting is not long. Mr. Demir talks about a new project. 'We have a new app for a big client,' he says. 'It is important. We are a good team, and we are ready.' Ali and Merve talk about the plan. Selin listens and takes notes. She has many ideas for the design. 'This project is exciting,' she thinks. After the meeting, her colleagues are happy. 'Good job, everyone,' Mr. Demir says. 'Now, it is time for lunch.'
Selin is a designer. Her job is fun. She makes pictures, colours and logos for apps and websites. A good design is clear and beautiful. 'People like simple things,' Selin thinks. On her computer, she has many programs for design. Today, she looks at the new app. The app is blue and white. 'I can make it better,' she says. Her manager likes her ideas. 'Good work, Selin,' Mr. Demir says. Selin smiles. She is a good designer, and Baytek is happy with her.
At one o'clock, Selin and three colleagues are at a small restaurant near the office because it is lunchtime. The food is good and the people are warm. They talk about work, sports and music. Selin is happy because her new job is interesting, and her colleagues are not strangers now — they are friends.
The restaurant is small and warm. There are red chairs and white tables. The waiter is friendly. 'What is your order?' he asks. Selin orders soup and chicken. The soup is hot and good. Her colleagues order rice, salad and water. They laugh and talk. 'Is your first day good?' Merve asks. 'Yes, it is very good,' Selin says. After the meal, they walk back to the office. The street is busy, and the sun is warm. Selin is happy.
Back at the office, Selin has a coffee. The kitchen is busy. Mark is there too. 'The coffee is good, right?' he says. 'Yes, it is!' Selin says. Then she sits at her desk again. Mr. Demir gives her a small task. 'Please look at these designs. They are for the new app,' he says. Selin is happy. This is her job. She looks at the colours and the pictures on the screen. Design is fun for her.
In the afternoon, the office is quiet. Everyone is busy. Some people are at their desks, and some people are in the meeting room. The phones ring, and the printer is busy too. Selin works on the new app. She is happy with her work. At four o'clock, Zeynep comes to her desk. 'Is everything okay, Selin?' she asks. 'Yes, everything is great,' Selin says. 'Thank you.' Her colleagues are kind, and the office is a good place. Selin is not a stranger now. She is part of the team.
After lunch, Selin is at her desk. Her computer is new and fast. There is a lot of work, so the afternoon is very short. At five o'clock, her first day is over. She is tired but happy, because Baytek is a friendly company.
After work, Selin is on the bus again. She is tired, but she smiles. At home, her cat Pamuk is at the door. 'Hello, Pamuk! My first day is over,' Selin says. Then she calls her mother. 'Mum, my new job is great. My colleagues are friendly, and the office is nice,' she says. Her mother is happy too. In the evening, Selin has dinner and reads a book. Then she thinks about tomorrow. 'Tomorrow is a new day at Baytek,' she says. 'I am not nervous now. I am happy.' She is ready for her second day. Selin is a designer at Baytek now, and she loves her new job.
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Complete the sentences with a word from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki bir kelimeyle tamamla.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. Is Selin happy at the end of the day? Why?
2. What does Selin say at the meeting?
3. What do Selin and her colleagues talk about at the restaurant?
Metinde and, but, so ve because bağlaçlarını bul — her biri en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu bağlaçları öğrenip kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
A teacher talks about learning languages. (Bir öğretmen dil öğrenmeyi anlatıyor.)
You will hear a short talk about language learning. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Kısa bir konuşma dinleyeceksin. Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)
Write and submit your email; your teacher will review it. (E-postanı yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Cümleleri alt alta dizmek bir yazı oluşturmaz. Bir yazıyı cümle yığınından ayıran şey bağlaçlardır (connectors): cümleleri birbirine bağlar, fikirler arasındaki ilişkiyi gösterirler. A1 seviyesinde beş bağlaç öğreniyoruz — bu beşi, yazacağın her metinde işine yarayacak:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Ne işe yarar? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | ve | Ekleme yapar | I am new and I am excited. |
| but | ama | Zıtlık gösterir | I am tired but happy. |
| or | veya | Seçenek sunar | Is the meeting at 10 or 11? |
| so | bu yüzden | Sonuç bildirir | I am new, so I have many questions. |
| because | çünkü | Sebep bildirir | I am happy because my colleagues are friendly. |
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | Bağlaçlı akıcı yazı ✓ |
|---|---|
| I am Deniz. I am new. I am happy. I am a little nervous. My colleagues are friendly. | I am Deniz and I am new here. I am happy but a little nervous. I am relaxed now, because my colleagues are very friendly. |
İş e-postası üç bölümden oluşur. Bu iskelet her e-postada aynıdır — içini değiştirirsin, yapıyı değiştirmezsin:
| Bölüm | Ne yazılır? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Açılış (Opening) | Selamlama + kendini tanıtan ilk cümle | Dear team, My name is Deniz and I am the new sales specialist. |
| 2. Gövde (Body) | Asıl bilgiler: nereli olduğun, departmanın, senin hakkında birkaç cümle. Bağlaçlarla bağla. | I am from Izmir, but now I am in Istanbul. I am in the sales department... |
| 3. Kapanış (Closing) | Nazik bitiş cümlesi + veda + isim | Nice to meet you all! Best regards, Deniz |
You are a new employee. Write an email to your team. Introduce yourself. (Yeni bir çalışansın. Ekibine bir e-posta yaz, kendini tanıt.)
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Oturum kontrol ediliyor...