Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Ünite 3'te kendi rutinini anlattın: "I check my emails." Peki ya başkalarının işini anlatmak istersen? "Yöneticim her sabah toplantı yapar", "Muhasebecimiz faturaları hazırlar" gibi cümleler iş hayatının her günü kullanılan cümleleridir ve hepsinde özne he / she / it'tir:
Dikkat ettin mi? Fiillerin hepsinin sonunda -s var: starts, works, prepares, opens. İşte kural bu kadar basit ama bir o kadar da kritik: özne he / she / it ise fiil -s takısı alır. Bu küçük -s, Türk öğrencilerin İngilizcede en sık unuttuğu şeydir — "She work" dediğin anda cümle bozulur. Bu bölümde -s kuralını, olumsuz ve soru hâllerini ve "her zaman / genellikle / asla" gibi sıklık zarflarını adım adım işleyeceğiz.
He / she / it öznesiyle fiile -s eklerken yazım dört gruba ayrılır. Kuralı bilirsen hiç ezber yapmana gerek kalmaz:
| Kural | Fiiller | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Çoğu fiil: sadece +s | work → works · check → checks · prepare → prepares | She works in sales. |
| Sonu -ch, -sh, -s, -x, -o ile bitenler: +es | watch → watches · finish → finishes · go → goes · do → does | He goes to work at eight. |
| Sessiz harf + y: y düşer, +ies | study → studies · carry → carries | She studies English at night. |
| Sesli harf + y: sadece +s | play → plays · stay → stays | He plays football on Sundays. |
| İstisna: | have → has | She has a meeting at nine. |
He / she / it için olumsuzluk doesn't (does not) ile yapılır. Kritik kural: doesn't'tan sonra fiil YALIN hâline döner — -s'i doesn't zaten taşır, fiile ikinci kez eklenmez:
| Olumlu | Olumsuz | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|
| She works on Fridays. | She doesn't work on Fridays. | Cuma günleri çalışmaz. |
| He travels a lot. | He doesn't travel a lot. | Çok seyahat etmez. |
| She has a meeting today. | She doesn't have a meeting today. | Bugün toplantısı yok. |
| The office opens at eight. | The office doesn't open at eight. | Ofis sekizde açılmaz. |
He / she / it için soru Does ile başlar ve fiil yine YALIN kalır. Kısa cevaplar da does / doesn't ile verilir:
| Soru | Olumlu kısa cevap | Olumsuz kısa cevap |
|---|---|---|
| Does he work in sales? | Yes, he does. | No, he doesn't. |
| Does she prepare the reports? | Yes, she does. | No, she doesn't. |
| Does the office open at nine? | Yes, it does. | No, it doesn't. |
Bir işin ne sıklıkla yapıldığını söylemek için sıklık zarfları kullanılır. Beş temel zarfı yüzdeleriyle birlikte öğren:
| Zarf | Sıklık | Türkçesi | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| always | %100 | her zaman | She always answers the phone. |
| usually | ~%80 | genellikle | He usually works from the office. |
| often | ~%60 | sık sık | Mark often travels for work. |
| sometimes | ~%30 | bazen | She sometimes works from home. |
| never | %0 | asla, hiç | He is never late. |
Zarfın cümledeki YERİ tek kuralla belirlenir — bu kuralı ezberle:
| Kural | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|
| be fiilinden SONRA | He is always early. | O her zaman erkencidir. |
| Normal fiilden ÖNCE | She usually arrives at nine. | Genellikle dokuzda gelir. |
Bir kişinin işini anlatırken en çok bu üç kalıbı kullanacaksın. Üçünü de -s kuralıyla birlikte otomatikleştir:
| Kalıp | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|
| works in the ... department | He works in the sales department. | O, satış departmanında çalışır. |
| is responsible for ... | She is responsible for reports. | O, raporlardan sorumludur. |
| Özne + fiil-s + nesne | Our accountant prepares the invoices. | Muhasebecimiz faturaları hazırlar. |
Türkçe konuşanların bu konuda en sık yaptığı hatalar şunlardır. Kendi cümlelerini yazarken bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| She work in finance. | She works in finance. | he/she/it öznesinde fiil -s alır. |
| He doesn't works on Fridays. | He doesn't work on Fridays. | doesn't'tan sonra fiil yalın kalır; -s'i doesn't taşır. |
| Does she works in sales? | Does she work in sales? | Soruda da fiil yalın; -s'i Does taşır. |
| He always is late. | He is always late. | Sıklık zarfı be fiilinden SONRA gelir. |
| She never doesn't help. | She never helps. | never zaten olumsuz; çift olumsuz yapılmaz. |
| Does he goes to Ankara? | Does he go to Ankara? | goes, soru ve olumsuzda yalın "go" olur. |
| She have a meeting. | She has a meeting. | he/she/it için have → has. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Deniz, yeni çalışana ekibi tanıtıyor. Diyalog bu bölümde öğrendiğin yapıların tamamını kullanıyor — koyu yazılan yerlere dikkat ederek iki kez oku; ikinci okumada Türkçesini kapatmayı dene:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then use them in your own sentences. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra kendi cümlelerinde kullan.)
Write 8 sentences about people in your company, school or family. Use at least 8 of the words above. (Şirketindeki, okulundaki veya ailendeki kişiler hakkında 8 cümle yaz. En az 8 kelimeyi kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Okumaya başlamadan önce şu üç soruyu düşün (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler — gözün bunları arasın): department · sales · finance · human resources · engineer · accountant · designer · receptionist · responsible · prepare · report
Baytek is a software company in Istanbul, and it has five departments: engineering, design, finance, sales and human resources. Who does what? Let's meet the team.
The Baytek office is not very big, but it is nice. The building has five floors. Every floor is for one department. The engineering team is on the first floor, and the design desk is there too. The finance department is on the second floor. The sales team is on the third floor. The manager's office is on the top floor. From his window, Mr. Demir can see the city.
What does Baytek make? It makes a mobile app. The app helps people find a good doctor. Many people in Turkey use it every day. The engineers write the code for the app. The designers make it beautiful. The sales team sells it to hospitals and clinics. So every department is important, and every person helps the app grow.
Mr. Demir is the manager, and he is responsible for the whole company. Every morning, he has a short meeting with the team, and he always starts at nine o'clock. He knows every employee's name because he talks to everyone every day.
Mr. Demir is a kind manager. He is not angry, and he is not loud. He listens to his team. When there is a problem, he helps. He wants every person to feel happy at work. On Fridays, he brings cake for the team, so everyone likes this day.
A normal day at Baytek is busy but happy. The office opens at half past eight. Most people arrive before nine o'clock. They say "Good morning" to each other. They make coffee or tea in the kitchen. Then they go to their desks and start work. The office is quiet in the morning because everyone is busy.
Ali and Merve work in the engineering department. They are engineers. Merve develops the app, and she usually works from the office. Ali often helps her, but he sometimes works from home. Selin is the designer, so she designs the screens of the app. Her colleagues love her work.
Merve comes to the office early because she likes the quiet morning. She writes code on her computer for many hours. Ali is a little different. He works from home two days a week. On these days, he calls the team on the computer. Selin sits near the window. She draws the app on a big screen, and she uses many colours. Her screens are simple and clean, so the users love the app.
Zeynep works in the finance department. She is an accountant, and she prepares the invoices and the money reports. She is never late because she loves her job — and her numbers!
Zeynep is calm and careful. Numbers are her friends. She checks every invoice two times because she does not want mistakes. Her desk is very tidy. She has a small plant and a photo of her cat. She drinks green tea, not coffee. At the end of the month, she is very busy, but she is always ready.
Mark works in the sales department. He talks to customers on the phone, and he travels to Ankara every month because Baytek has big customers there. At the front desk, Elif is the receptionist. She answers the phones and welcomes the guests. She is always friendly, so the guests feel happy at Baytek.
Mark is friendly and loud. He talks a lot because his job is sales. He has many customers, and he knows all their names. Sometimes he is not in the office because he is on a trip. Elif sits at the front desk near the door. She is the first person you see at Baytek. When the phone rings, she answers fast. When a guest arrives, she brings water or coffee.
The departments are not alone. They work together every day. When Mark gets a new customer, he tells the engineers. When Merve finds a problem in the code, she tells Selin. When Zeynep needs a number, she asks Mark. Good teamwork is the secret of Baytek, and nobody works alone here.
At one o'clock, it is lunch time. Some people eat at their desks, but many people go out together. There is a small café next to the building. The food is cheap and good. After lunch, the team drinks coffee and talks. They talk about work, films and football. This break is short, but it is important because it makes the team happy.
Every person has a laptop and a big screen. The internet is fast. In the kitchen, there is a coffee machine, a water machine and a small fridge. On the wall, there is a big board with many colourful notes. These notes show the plan for the week, so the team looks at the board every morning.
The week at Baytek is not the same every day. On Monday, there is a big meeting for all departments. On Wednesday, the design team shows new ideas. On Friday, the office is calm, and some people leave early. The office closes at six o'clock, and the last person turns off the lights.
After work, some people go home fast because they have families. Others stay for a short time and talk. On the first Friday of the month, the team goes to a restaurant together. They eat, laugh and tell stories. They are colleagues, but they are also friends.
Baytek is a happy place, but it is also a busy place. There is always a lot of work. The phone rings, the emails arrive, and the meetings start. But the team is strong. When one person is tired, another person helps. When there is good news, everyone is happy. This is why people like their job at Baytek.
Baytek is a young company, but it grows fast. Today there are more than twenty people. Every month, the team is bigger. Soon the company needs a bigger office with more floors. Mr. Demir is very happy because his small idea is now a real company. He always says one thing to the team: "A good team makes a good company."
Now, back to the human resources department. Aylin works there. She is friendly and organised, and she reads many emails every day. People from all over the country want a job at Baytek. Aylin talks to them on the phone or on the computer. She looks for good and kind people, not only clever people, because teamwork is important here.
And the human resources department? It hires new employees for every team. Maybe you are next!
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Complete the sentences with a word from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki bir kelimeyle tamamla.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. What does Mr. Demir do every morning?
2. Who works in the sales department, and what does he do?
3. Why do the guests feel happy at Baytek?
Metinde and, but, so ve because bağlaçlarını bul — her biri en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu bağlaçları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
A man talks about his favorite things. (Bir adam en sevdiği şeyleri anlatıyor.)
You will hear a short talk about favorite things. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Kısa bir konuşma dinleyeceksin. Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)
Write and submit your email; your teacher will review it. (E-postanı yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Cümleleri alt alta dizmek bir yazı oluşturmaz. Bir yazıyı cümle yığınından ayıran şey bağlaçlardır (connectors): cümleleri birbirine bağlar, fikirler arasındaki ilişkiyi gösterirler. A1 seviyesindeki beş bağlacı bu ünitede kişileri ve işlerini anlatırken kullanacaksın:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Ne işe yarar? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | ve | Ekleme yapar | He works in sales and he travels a lot. |
| but | ama | Zıtlık gösterir | She is busy, but she always helps. |
| or | veya | Seçenek sunar | Does he work in finance or in sales? |
| so | bu yüzden | Sonuç bildirir | She is never late, so the manager is happy. |
| because | çünkü | Sebep bildirir | He travels every month because our customers are in Ankara. |
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | Bağlaçlı akıcı yazı ✓ |
|---|---|
| Mark works in sales. He talks to customers. He travels a lot. He is friendly. | Mark works in sales and talks to customers. He often travels because our customers are in Ankara, so he is not always at the office. |
İş e-postası üç bölümden oluşur. Bu iskelet her e-postada aynıdır — içini değiştirirsin, yapıyı değiştirmezsin:
| Bölüm | Ne yazılır? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Açılış (Opening) | Selamlama + e-postanın amacını söyleyen ilk cümle | Hi Alex, Welcome to the team! Here is some information about our colleagues. |
| 2. Gövde (Body) | Asıl bilgiler: kişiler, departmanları, ne yaptıkları (he/she + fiil-s). Bağlaçlarla bağla. | Mr. Demir is our manager. He always starts the day with a meeting, and he usually asks about our work... |
| 3. Kapanış (Closing) | Nazik bitiş cümlesi + veda + isim | See you at the office! Best regards, Deniz |
Write an email to a new colleague. Describe THREE people in your company and their jobs. (Yeni bir iş arkadaşına şirketindeki ÜÇ kişiyi ve işlerini anlatan bir e-posta yaz.)
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Oturum kontrol ediliyor...