Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Geçmişte ne yaptığını anlatmak için Past Simple kullanılır. Düzenli fiillerde bu kolaydı: fiilin sonuna -ed ekliyordun (worked, called, started). Ama İngilizcenin en sık kullanılan fiilleri bu kurala uymaz — bunlar düzensiz fiillerdir (irregular verbs) ve tamamen değişirler: go → went, have → had, make → made. Bu ünitenin tamamı bu düzensiz fiillere ayrılmıştır:
Kısacası: düzenli fiiller -ed alır, düzensiz fiillerin ise ezberlenmesi gereken özel bir geçmiş hali vardır. İyi haber: olumsuz (didn't) ve soru (Did) yapıları her iki grupta da aynıdır. Bu bölümde en sık düzensiz fiilleri, didn't ile olumsuzu ve Did ile soruyu öğreneceksin.
Düzensizlere geçmeden önce düzenli fiilleri kısaca hatırlayalım. Çoğu fiilin geçmiş hali basittir: sonuna -ed eklenir ve özneye göre DEĞİŞMEZ. Bu ünitede bunlar arka planda; asıl odak düzensiz fiiller:
| Fiil | Geçmiş (V2) | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| work | worked | I worked late yesterday. | Dün geç saate kadar çalıştım. |
| call | called | She called the customer this morning. | Bu sabah müşteriyi aradı. |
| start | started | The meeting started late. | Toplantı geç başladı. |
İngilizcenin en sık kullanılan fiilleri kurala uymaz: -ed almazlar, tamamen değişirler. Kötü haber: bunları ezberlemen gerekir. İyi haber: A1'de sadece bu 14 tanesi yeter — ve hepsi iş hayatının en sık fiilleri:
| Fiil | Geçmiş (V2) | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | I went to a meeting at ten. | Onda bir toplantıya gittim. |
| have | had | We had lunch with the client. | Müşteriyle öğle yemeği yedik. |
| make | made | She made a new design. | Yeni bir tasarım yaptı. |
| meet | met | I met the new manager yesterday. | Dün yeni yöneticiyle tanıştım. |
| come | came | He came to the office early. | Ofise erken geldi. |
| see | saw | I saw your email this morning. | E-postanı bu sabah gördüm. |
| send | sent | They sent the report on Friday. | Raporu cuma günü gönderdiler. |
| write | wrote | She wrote three emails. | Üç e-posta yazdı. |
| take | took | I took a taxi to the airport. | Havalimanına taksiyle gittim. |
| get | got | He got his first salary last week. | Geçen hafta ilk maaşını aldı. |
| give | gave | The manager gave me the contract. | Yönetici bana sözleşmeyi verdi. |
| say | said | "Good job," she said. | "İyi iş," dedi. |
| do | did | We did a lot of work yesterday. | Dün çok iş yaptık. |
| buy | bought | They bought new computers. | Yeni bilgisayarlar aldılar. |
Olumsuz için tek yardımcı yeter: didn't (did not). Kural çok nettir: didn't + YALIN fiil. Fiil asla -ed almaz, asla V2 olmaz — çünkü geçmiş anlamını "didn't" zaten taşıyor:
| Olumlu | Olumsuz | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|
| I finished the report. | I didn't finish the report. | Raporu bitirmedim. |
| She called the customer. | She didn't call the customer. | Müşteriyi aramadı. |
| They went to the meeting. | They didn't go to the meeting. | Toplantıya gitmediler. |
| He sent the email. | He didn't send the email. | E-postayı göndermedi. |
Soru için cümlenin başına Did gelir ve fiil yine yalın kalır: You called the customer. → Did you call the customer?
| Soru | Olumlu kısa cevap | Olumsuz kısa cevap |
|---|---|---|
| Did you call the customer? | Yes, I did. | No, I didn't. |
| Did she finish the design? | Yes, she did. | No, she didn't. |
| Did they sign the contract? | Yes, they did. | No, they didn't. |
| Did the meeting start late? | Yes, it did. | No, it didn't. |
Bu ünitenin en önemli ayrımı: geçmişten bahsederken hangisini seçeceksin? Cevap basit — cümlede eylem var mı, yok mu?
Soru sorarken de aynı mantık geçerlidir — Did mi, Was/Were mü?
| Sorudaki şey | Kullan | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Durum (sıfat, yer, meslek — ana fiil yok) | Was / Were | Was the meeting long? · Were you at the office? |
| Eylem (bir fiil var: start, call, go...) | Did + yalın fiil | Did the meeting start late? · Did you call him? |
Past Simple'da Türkçe konuşanların en sık yaptığı hatalar şunlardır. Kendi cümlelerini yazarken bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| I didn't went to the meeting. | I didn't go to the meeting. | didn't'ten sonra fiil yalın kalır. |
| Did you sent the email? | Did you send the email? | Did'den sonra da fiil yalın kalır. |
| He goed home early. | He went home early. | go düzensizdir: went. "-ed" almaz. |
| I did finished the report. | I finished the report. | Olumlu cümlede "did" kullanılmaz; fiil zaten V2 olur. |
| Yesterday I finish the report. | Yesterday I finished the report. | Geçmiş zaman ifadesi (yesterday) varsa fiil V2 olmalı. |
| She maked a design. | She made a design. | make düzensizdir: made. |
| Did you were at the office? | Were you at the office? | Durum sorusunda Was/Were kullanılır; Did ile birleşmez. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Aşağıdaki diyalog düzenli fiilleri, düzensiz fiilleri, didn't'i ve Did sorularını birlikte kullanıyor — koyu yazılan yerlere dikkat ederek iki kez oku; ikinci okumada Türkçesini kapatmayı dene:
Düzensiz fiiller ezber ister ama korkma — günlük İngilizcenin büyük kısmı sadece birkaç düzine düzensiz fiille döner ve bu ünitedeki went, had, made, saw, took, came, got gibi fiiller tam olarak onlar. Taktik basit: her fiili tek başına değil bir cümle içinde ezberle ("I went to a meeting"), her gün 2-3 dakika tekrar et ve yazarken didn't/Did'den sonra fiilin daima YALIN kaldığını hatırla. Bir hafta içinde bu fiiller kendiliğinden gelir. Sıradaki ünitelerde daha fazla düzensiz fiil ve geçmiş anlatı seni bekliyor.
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the verbs with their past forms, then use them in your own sentences. (Fiilleri geçmiş halleriyle öğren, sonra kendi cümlelerinde kullan.)
Write 8 sentences about last week at work. Use at least 8 of the verbs above in their PAST forms. (Geçen haftayı anlatan, yukarıdaki fiillerden en az 8'ini GEÇMİŞ halleriyle kullanan 8 cümle yaz.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
Selin'i hatırlıyor musun? Baytek'te tasarımcı olarak çalışıyor. Bu metinde Selin geçen haftayı anlatıyor — çok yoğun ve önemli bir haftaydı. Okurken düzensiz fiillerin geçmiş hallerine dikkat et. Başlamadan önce şu üç soruyu düşün (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Verbs to spot (Metinde geçen düzensiz geçmiş formlar — gözün bunları arasın): came · had · gave · made · sent · saw · went · took · met · said · bought · got · left · spent
Selin is thirty years old. She lives in Istanbul with her family. She works at a company. The company's name is Baytek. Baytek makes computer programs and websites. Many people work there. Selin is a designer. She makes designs for the screen. She chooses the colours and the pictures. She likes her job very much. Selin works with a small team. There are four people in her team. Their names are Selin, Aylin, Emre, and Deniz. Deniz is the manager. He is a kind boss. The team is friendly, and they help each other every day. Selin goes to the office by bus. The office is on a big street in the city centre. She starts work at nine o'clock in the morning. She has lunch at one o'clock. Usually, she goes home at six o'clock. This is a normal week for Selin. But last week was not a normal week. Last week was very special and very busy.
Last week was very busy for Selin at Baytek. On Monday, she came to the office early and had a long meeting with her team. The manager gave her an important job: a new design for a big customer.
The meeting on Monday was long, but it was interesting. All the team sat around a big table. Deniz, the manager, talked about a new project. The project was for a big customer. The customer's company was very famous. The customer wanted a new design for a website. It was an important job for Baytek. Deniz looked at Selin and smiled. 'Selin, this job is for you,' he said. Selin was happy, but she was also a little scared. The job was very big, and the time was short. She had only a few days. Selin wrote some notes in her book. Then she looked at Deniz and said, 'Yes, I can do it.' After the meeting, Selin made a cup of coffee. She sat at her desk. She was quiet, and she started to think about the new design. Ideas came into her head, and she began to draw.
On Tuesday, Selin made the first design. She worked on it all day and sent it to the customer in the evening. On Wednesday morning, she saw the customer's answer in her email. They liked the design, but they wanted two small changes.
Selin read the customer's email again on Wednesday morning. The customer wanted two small changes. The first change was about the colour. The customer did not like the red colour. They wanted a blue colour. The second change was about the words. The customer wanted bigger words on the page. Selin thought the changes were easy. She opened her computer and started to work. First, she changed the red colour to blue. Then she made the words a little bigger. The new design looked very nice and clean. At lunch time, Selin showed the design to her friend Aylin. Aylin looked at the screen and smiled. 'This is beautiful, Selin,' she said. 'The customer will love it.' In the afternoon, Selin sent the new design to the customer. Then she waited for their answer. She felt happy and calm. Her hard work was good work.
On Wednesday evening, Selin got ready for the big meeting. The meeting with the customer was on Thursday. Selin wanted to be ready. She looked at all her notes. She practised her words at home. She stood in front of the mirror and talked about the design. Her cat watched her from the sofa. 'Do not be scared,' Selin said to herself. 'The design is good.' Then she chose her clothes for the meeting. She went to bed early because she was tired.
On Thursday, Selin went to a meeting with the customer, Mr. Blake. She took the train to the city centre because the traffic was terrible. At the meeting, she met Mr. Blake and his team. She was a little nervous, but she said everything clearly. In the end, Mr. Blake said, 'This is excellent work,' and he bought the design!
After the meeting, Selin was very happy. She walked out of the building with a big smile. She took the train back to the office again. On the train, she called her manager. 'Deniz! Mr. Blake bought the design!' she said. Deniz was very glad. 'Well done, Selin! That is great news,' he said. When Selin came back to the office, all the team clapped their hands. They were very happy for her. Selin's face was a little red, but she smiled. That evening, she went home late. She was tired, but she felt great. She ate a light dinner and called her mother. Then she went to bed early. It was a long day, but it was a very good day.
On Friday, the team had good news. They got the contract, so everyone was very happy. Selin didn't work late that day. She left the office at five and went home. At the weekend, she didn't think about work. She spent time with her family and had a big dinner with her friends.
On Saturday, Selin got up late. She did not set an alarm clock. She made a big breakfast. She ate eggs, bread, cheese, and olives. She drank tea in the garden. The sun was warm, and the birds sang. Selin felt happy and relaxed. In the afternoon, she went to the park with her sister. They walked and talked for two hours. They ate ice cream near the lake. In the evening, Selin cooked dinner for her family. Her mother and father came to her house. They ate together and laughed a lot. On Sunday, Selin met her old friends. They went to a small café near the sea. They drank coffee and ate cake. They talked about many things. Selin did not open her computer all weekend. She did not read her work emails. She just rested and had fun with the people she loves.
'Last week was hard, but I learned a lot,' Selin says. 'I didn't know this customer before, and now we are partners. It was a great week!'
Now Selin and Mr. Blake work together often. They send emails to each other every week. Baytek has a new customer, and Selin has a new friend. Sometimes, a hard week is the best week. Selin knows this now. Every morning, she goes to the office with a smile on her face. She is not scared of big jobs any more. She is ready for the next one. And she always remembers her busy, happy week.
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Complete the sentences with a word from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki bir kelimeyle tamamla.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. What did Selin do on Monday?
2. What happened at the meeting with Mr. Blake?
3. What did Selin do at the weekend?
Metinde and, but, so ve because bağlaçlarını bul — her biri en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu bağlaçları kendi geçmiş anlatında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
Mixed questions from Past Simple and ALL A1 units. (Past Simple + tüm A1 ünitelerinden karışık sorular.)
Bu bölüm geniş bir pekiştirmedir: 20 sorunun ağırlığı bu ünitenin konusu Past Simple düzensiz fiillerde, ama aralara önceki ünitelerden de sorular serpiştirildi — was/were, geniş zaman, şimdiki zaman, zamirler, there is/are, some/any ve bağlaçlar. Böylece düzensiz fiilleri önceki A1 bilginle birlikte test ediyorsun. (20 questions: Past Simple irregular + a mix from earlier A1 units.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir; yanlış cevapta kısa Türkçe açıklama görürsün.
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 20 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Write and submit your email; your teacher will review it. (E-postanı yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Geçmiş anlatısı, cümleleri zamana göre dizip bağlaçlarla bağlamaktır. A1'de öğrendiğin beş bağlaç geçmiş anlatıda da aynen çalışır — bu kez Past Simple cümleleri bağlıyorlar:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Ne işe yarar? | Örnek (geçmiş anlatı) |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | ve | Ekleme yapar | I finished the report and sent it to my manager. |
| but | ama | Zıtlık gösterir | I was tired, but I finished the design. |
| or | veya | Seçenek sunar | Did you go by bus or by train? |
| so | bu yüzden | Sonuç bildirir | I was new, so I asked many questions. |
| because | çünkü | Sebep bildirir | We celebrated because we won the project. |
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | Bağlaçlı akıcı anlatı ✓ |
|---|---|
| I started my job. I was nervous. My colleagues helped me. I learned a lot. I am happy. | I started my job last month and I was very nervous. But my colleagues helped me, so I learned a lot. Now I am happy because they are my friends. |
Bu kez ekibe değil, bir arkadaşına yazıyorsun — yapı aynıdır ama ton samimidir:
| Bölüm | Ne yazılır? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Açılış (Opening) | Samimi selamlama + hal hatır + konuyu açan ilk cümle | Hi Ali, How are you? Last week was really busy at work! |
| 2. Gövde (Body) | Geçmiş anlatı: nasıl hissettin (was/were), sonra ne yaptın (Past Simple düzensiz fiiller). Zaman ifadeleri + bağlaçlarla bağla. | On Monday, I went to a meeting and made a new design. I was a little nervous, but the meeting went well... |
| 3. Kapanış (Closing) | Samimi bitiş cümlesi + veda + isim | Visit me soon! Best wishes, Selin |
Write an email to a friend about a busy week at your job. (Bir arkadaşına işteki yoğun bir haftanı anlatan bir e-posta yaz.)
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Tebrikler! Bu ünitede İngilizcenin en sık düzensiz fiillerini geçmiş zamanda kullanmayı öğrendin: went, had, made, saw, took, came, got ve daha fazlası. Artık geçen hafta işte ne olduğunu — nereye gittiğini, ne yaptığını, neyi bitirmediğini — didn't ve Did yapılarıyla birlikte anlatabiliyorsun.
Bir sonraki üniteye geçmeden önce bu düzensiz fiilleri birkaç gün tekrar et; sağlam bir temel sonraki her konuyu kolaylaştırır. (Review these irregular verbs before the next unit.)
Oturum kontrol ediliyor...