Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Ünite 1'de kim olduğunu söylemeyi öğrendin. Bu ünitede neyin olduğunu söylemeyi öğreneceksin. İngilizcede sahiplik anlatmanın en yaygın yolu "have / has" fiilidir — Türkçedeki "var" anlamını verir. Ekibini, aileni ve eşyalarını tanıtırken hep bu fiili kullanacaksın:
Türkçede "Laptopum var." deriz — sahip olan kişi eklerle anlaşılır. İngilizcede ise özne + have/has kalıbı kullanılır ve özneye göre have / has şeklinde değişir. Bu bölümde bu fiilin olumlu, olumsuz ve soru hâllerini, iyelik sıfatlarını (my, your, his...) ve isimlerin çoğul yapılışını işleyeceğiz.
Kural tektir: I / you / we / they → have, he / she / it → has. Cümle kurgusu: Özne + have/has + sahip olunan şey.
| Özne + fiil | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|
| I have | I have a new task. | Yeni bir görevim var. |
| You have | You have an email from Mark. | Mark'tan bir e-postan var. |
| He has | He has fifteen years of experience. | Onun on beş yıl deneyimi var. |
| She has | She has two monitors. | Onun iki ekranı var. |
| It has | The office has a big kitchen. | Ofisin büyük bir mutfağı var. |
| We have | We have a new project. | Yeni bir projemiz var. |
| They have | They have a deadline on Friday. | Cuma günü teslim tarihleri var. |
Olumsuz yapmak için yardımcı fiil do/does + not kullanılır: do not have → don't have, does not have → doesn't have. Türkçedeki "yok" anlamını verir. Olumsuzda ana fiil her zaman yalın hâldedir: have (has değil).
| Tam form | Kısa form | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They do not have | don't have | I don't have a printer. | Yazıcım yok. |
| He / She / It does not have | doesn't have | She doesn't have a meeting today. | Onun bugün toplantısı yok. |
Soru yapmak için başa yardımcı fiil Do/Does gelir, özneden sonra fiil yalın hâlde kalır: You have a laptop. → Do you have a laptop? — he/she/it öznelerinde Does kullanılır: Does she have a big desk?
| Soru | Olumlu kısa cevap | Olumsuz kısa cevap |
|---|---|---|
| Do you have a laptop? | Yes, I do. | No, I don't. |
| Does she have a big desk? | Yes, she does. | No, she doesn't. |
| Does the team have a manager? | Yes, it does. | No, it doesn't. |
| Do we have a meeting at ten? | Yes, we do. | No, we don't. |
| Do they have a new project? | Yes, they do. | No, they don't. |
"have / has" bir şeye sahip olduğunu söyler; iyelik sıfatları ise o şeyin kime ait olduğunu gösterir: my (benim), your (senin) gibi. Her zaman bir ismin önünde kullanılırlar:
| Zamir | İyelik sıfatı | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | my (benim) | This is my desk. | Bu benim masam. |
| you | your (senin / sizin) | Your task is easy. | Senin görevin kolay. |
| he | his (onun — erkek) | His office is next to the kitchen. | Onun ofisi mutfağın yanında. |
| she | her (onun — kadın) | Her laptop is new. | Onun dizüstü bilgisayarı yeni. |
| it | its (onun — cansız) | The company is big. Its name is Baytek. | Şirket büyük. Adı Baytek. |
| we | our (bizim) | Our manager is very experienced. | Bizim yöneticimiz çok deneyimli. |
| they | their (onların) | Their department is upstairs. | Onların departmanı üst katta. |
"Ekibimizin altı üyesi var" demek için isimlerin çoğulunu bilmen gerekir. Çoğu isim -s alır ama önemli istisnalar vardır:
| Kural | Örnekler | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|
| Çoğu isim: + -s | laptop → laptops · desk → desks · task → tasks · customer → customers | dizüstüler · masalar · görevler · müşteriler |
| -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o ile bitenler: + -es | box → boxes · boss → bosses · watch → watches | kutular · patronlar · saatler |
| Sessiz harf + y: y → -ies | company → companies · city → cities · family → families | şirketler · şehirler · aileler |
| Düzensizler (ezberle!) | person → people · man → men · woman → women · child → children | insanlar · adamlar · kadınlar · çocuklar |
Türkçe konuşanların bu ünitenin konularında en sık yaptığı hatalar şunlardır. Kendi cümlelerini yazarken bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| She have a car. | She has a car. | he/she/it → has. |
| I has two tasks. | I have two tasks. | I/you/we/they → have. |
| Does she has a desk? | Does she have a desk? | Does'tan sonra fiil yalın kalır: have. |
| I don't has a printer. | I don't have a printer. | don't/doesn't'tan sonra fiil yalın kalır. |
| Has she a laptop? | Does she have a laptop? | Soru do/does ile kurulur, has ile değil. |
| Yes, I have. ("Do you have...?" sorusuna) | Yes, I do. | Kısa cevapta do/does kullanılır. |
| Two childs are here. | Two children are here. | child düzensizdir: child → children. |
| Its my computer. | It's my computer. | "It is" kısaltması it's; its = "onun". |
| My the manager is nice. | My manager is nice. | İyelik sıfatından sonra "the" gelmez. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Yeni stajyer Emre, ilk gününde ofisi geziyor. Diyalog bu bölümde öğrendiğin yapıların tamamını kullanıyor — koyu yazılan yerlere dikkat ederek iki kez oku; ikinci okumada Türkçesini kapatmayı dene:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then use them in your own sentences. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra kendi cümlelerinde kullan.)
Write 8 sentences. Use at least 8 of the words above. (En az 8 kelimeyi kullanarak 8 cümle yaz.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Okumaya başlamadan önce şu üç soruyu düşün (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler — gözün bunları arasın): team · member · project · customer · assistant · laptop · deadline · experienced · helpful
Selin is a designer at Baytek, a software company in Istanbul. She is not new now, and she is very happy because her team is great. Her team has six members, and they are all friendly and helpful.
Baytek is in a tall building in the city center of Istanbul. The office is on the fifth floor. It is big and bright, and it has many big windows. From the windows, the team can see the city and the sea. The team room has six desks and a long meeting table. Every desk has a computer and a chair. There is a small kitchen too. The kitchen has a coffee machine, a fridge, and a big table. The coffee is free, and it is very good. Selin likes her office because it is clean, warm, and quiet. Every morning, she takes the lift to the fifth floor, and she says "Good morning" to her team.
Mr. Demir is the manager. He is not young, but he is very experienced — he has fifteen years of experience. His office is next to the meeting room, and his door is always open.
Mr. Demir is a kind manager. He is at the office every day at nine o'clock. In the morning, he reads his emails, and he drinks a cup of black coffee. He has many meetings, but he is never angry. He helps the young engineers with their tasks, and he answers their questions. Selin likes her manager because he is calm and fair. He knows the names of all the customers. "A good team has a good manager, and a good manager has a good team," he always says. On Fridays, he brings cakes for everyone.
Ali and Merve are engineers. They have a new project, so they are very busy this week. The deadline is on Friday, and it is an important project because the customer is a big bank.
Ali and Merve are good friends and good engineers. Their desks are next to each other, near the window. Ali has a big monitor, a black keyboard, and many pens in a cup. Merve has a small plant on her desk. Its leaves are green, and it is her favourite thing. They work on the new project every day. The project is difficult, but it is interesting. Sometimes they stay late because the deadline is close. But they are not tired, because they like their work and they help each other. "Two engineers are better than one," Ali says.
Zeynep is the team assistant. She is very helpful. She has two monitors on her desk because she works with many documents. Her desk is near the printer, so everyone visits her!
Zeynep is always busy, but she is always happy. Her desk is big, and it has two monitors, a phone, a printer, and many documents. People come to her desk all day. "Zeynep, where is my file?" they ask. "Zeynep, do you have a pen?" She knows the answer every time, and she has an answer for every question. She is the heart of the team. At three o'clock, she makes tea for everyone, and all the people say "Thank you, Zeynep." She is not only an assistant; she is a good friend to all the team.
Mark is from London. He talks to customers every day because his English is perfect. He has a small notebook, and the customers' names are all in it.
Mark is a friendly man from England. His desk is near the door, so he is the first person you see. He has a phone, a laptop, and his small notebook. On the phone, he talks to customers in English every day. His voice is calm and clear, and his words are polite. The customers like Mark very much. In his notebook, he has all the customers' names and their phone numbers. After work, he studies Turkish at home, because he wants to speak with his team in Turkish too. His Turkish is not perfect now, but it is better every week.
Every Monday morning, the team has a meeting in the meeting room. The room has a big table and ten chairs. Mr. Demir sits at the top of the table. Everyone talks about their tasks for the week. Ali and Merve talk about the new project. Zeynep writes the notes, and Mark talks about the customers. The meeting is short, only thirty minutes, but it is important. After the meeting, everyone knows the plan for the week.
And Selin? She has a new laptop, and it is very fast. But she doesn't have a printer, so her documents are on Zeynep's desk. That is not a problem, because Zeynep is her good friend.
Selin has a good day every day. Her laptop is fast, her chair is comfortable, and her desk is near a big window. In the morning, she makes tea and she opens her emails. Then she works on her designs. She has many colours on her screen, and she loves her job. When she has a problem, she asks Zeynep or Mr. Demir, and they always help her.
A normal day at Baytek is calm and happy. The team starts work at nine and finishes at six. At lunch time, some people go to a café near the office, and other people eat in the kitchen. In the afternoon, the office is quiet because everyone is busy. Soft music plays from Mark's computer. At six o'clock, the team says "Goodbye" and "See you tomorrow." Selin walks to the bus stop with Zeynep, because they are good friends and neighbours.
The team is small, but it is strong. Everyone helps everyone. When Ali has a problem, Merve helps him. When Selin has a question, Zeynep has the answer. When a customer is difficult, Mark is calm and kind. Mr. Demir is proud of his team, because they work well together. "We are a family here," he says. "A good team is not only about work; it is about people." The team likes these words very much.
At one o'clock, the team eats lunch together in the small kitchen. They talk about their projects, their families, and their weekends. On Monday, they talk about football and films. On Friday, they are happy because the weekend is near. Selin is not alone now. She has a team, and her team is like a small family. "I am very lucky," she thinks. "I have a great team, a good manager, and a job that I love. Every day at Baytek is a good day."
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Complete the sentences with a word from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki bir kelimeyle tamamla.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. Why does everyone visit Zeynep's desk?
2. Why is the new project important?
3. Why are Selin's documents on Zeynep's desk?
Metinde and, but, so ve because bağlaçlarını bul — her biri en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu bağlaçları öğrenip kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
A speaker talks about balance in life. (Bir konuşmacı hayattaki dengeyi anlatıyor.)
You will hear a short talk about balance in life. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Kısa bir konuşma dinleyeceksin. Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)
Write and submit your email; your teacher will review it. (E-postanı yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Cümleleri alt alta dizmek bir yazı oluşturmaz. Bir yazıyı cümle yığınından ayıran şey bağlaçlardır (connectors): cümleleri birbirine bağlar, fikirler arasındaki ilişkiyi gösterirler. A1 seviyesinde beş bağlaç öğreniyoruz — bu beşi, yazacağın her metinde işine yarayacak:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Ne işe yarar? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | ve | Ekleme yapar | Our team is small and friendly. |
| but | ama | Zıtlık gösterir | I have a laptop, but I don't have a printer. |
| or | veya | Seçenek sunar | Is your desk upstairs or downstairs? |
| so | bu yüzden | Sonuç bildirir | We have a deadline, so we are busy. |
| because | çünkü | Sebep bildirir | I like my team because my colleagues are helpful. |
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | Bağlaçlı akıcı yazı ✓ |
|---|---|
| We are a team. We are six people. We have a project. We are busy. Our manager is nice. | We are a team of six people, and we are busy because we have a new project. Our manager is very nice, so we are happy. |
İş e-postası üç bölümden oluşur. Bu iskelet her e-postada aynıdır — içini değiştirirsin, yapıyı değiştirmezsin:
| Bölüm | Ne yazılır? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Açılış (Opening) | Selamlama + hoş geldin cümlesi + kendini tanıtan ilk cümle | Dear Ayşe, Welcome to Baytek! I am Selin, your new colleague. |
| 2. Gövde (Body) | Asıl bilgiler: ekipteki kişiler, görevleri, ekibin nelere sahip olduğu. Bağlaçlarla bağla. | Our team has six members. Our manager is Mr. Demir, and he is very experienced... |
| 3. Kapanış (Closing) | Nazik bitiş cümlesi + veda + isim | See you on Monday! Best regards, Selin |
You have a new colleague. Write an email to him/her. Describe your team. (Yeni bir iş arkadaşın var. Ona bir e-posta yaz; ekibini anlat.)
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Oturum kontrol ediliyor...