Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Geçen ünitede Past Simple ile biten olayları anlattın: "I watched a film." Now we need a tense for a different idea: an action that was in progress at a moment in the past — o an sürüyor, henüz bitmemiş. Buna Past Continuous denir. Bir filmi düşün: Past Simple fotoğraftır (olay oldu, bitti), Past Continuous ise videodur (olay o an akıyordu).
Bu bölümde önce was / were + fiil-ing yapısını kuracağız. Then we will use while and when, and we will compare Past Continuous with Past Simple — iki zamanın birlikte kullanıldığı kesinti (interruption) kalıbını göreceğiz. Adım adım gidelim.
Past Continuous iki parçadan oluşur: be fiilinin geçmişi (was / were) + ana fiilin -ing hâli. The subject decides was or were — özne was mı were mi seçer.
| Özne | be (geçmiş) | Örnek | Türkçesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / he / she / it | was + -ing | She was studying late. | Geç saate kadar ders çalışıyordu. |
| you / we / they | were + -ing | They were playing outside. | Dışarıda oynuyorlardı. |
| Tür | Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Olumlu | özne + was/were + fiil-ing | I was reading a book. |
| Olumsuz | özne + wasn't/weren't + fiil-ing | I wasn't reading a book. |
| Soru | Was/Were + özne + fiil-ing? | Were you reading a book? |
Past Continuous, geçmişte belirli bir anda devam eden bir eylemi anlatır. These time markers point to that exact moment:
| İfade | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| at 8 o'clock | saat 8'de | At 8 o'clock, I was having dinner. |
| this time yesterday | dün bu saatlerde | This time yesterday, we were flying. |
| all morning / all day | bütün sabah / gün | It was raining all morning. |
| while | -irken | While she was cooking... |
Bu ünitenin kalbi while ve when. İkisi de olayları birbirine bağlar ama farklı fiillerle çalışır. Öğren:
| Bağlaç | Yanına gelen zaman | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| while (-irken) | genelde Past Continuous (süren eylem) | While I was walking, I met a friend. |
| when (-diğinde) | genelde Past Simple (kısa, ani olay) | I met a friend when I arrived. |
En sık kullanılan yapı budur. A long action was in progress (Past Continuous) when a short action interrupted it (Past Simple). Uzun eylem arka plandır; kısa eylem onu keser.
Türkçe konuşanların Past Continuous'ta en sık yaptığı hatalar. Kendi cümlelerini bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| They was playing. | They were playing. | you/we/they → were. |
| I was play football. | I was playing football. | was/were'den sonra fiil -ing alır. |
| When it rained, I was walk. | When it rained, I was walking. | süren eylem = was + -ing. |
| While I was cook, the bell rang. | While I was cooking, the bell rang. | while + Past Continuous. |
| I was knowing the answer. | I knew the answer. | know, want, like gibi fiiller -ing almaz. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. A friend asks Deniz about a small accident on the way home. Koyu yazılan Past Continuous ve Past Simple yapılarına dikkat ederek iki kez oku:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then tell a past story with them. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra onlarla geçmiş bir olay anlat.)
Tell the story of a past event in 8 sentences. Use at least 8 of the words above. (Geçmişte olan bir olayı 8 cümlede anlat. Yukarıdaki kelimelerden en az 8'ini kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your speaking task.)
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Before you read, think about these three questions (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler): suddenly · moment · noise · waiting · raining · quietly · crowd
Last Tuesday started like any normal day at Greenhill School, but it did not stay normal for long. At nine o'clock, Selin was eating a snack in the school hall while her friend Mark was reading a comic book. Outside, the rain was falling heavily, and the sky was very dark.
That morning, the two friends were talking about their weekend plans while they waited for the bell. Selin was telling a funny story about her little brother, and Mark was laughing at almost every word. Around them, other students were opening their bags, checking their phones, and slowly getting ready for the first lesson. A few teenagers were still wearing wet coats, because the walk from the bus stop was long and cold. Nobody was thinking about the weather; everyone was busy with homework, football plans, and the usual morning chat. It really felt like an ordinary Tuesday, and the big school clock was ticking quietly on the wall above the door.
Suddenly, the lights went out. When the power failed, Selin was pouring hot water into her cup, and she almost dropped it. In the science lab, Mr. Demir was showing a video about volcanoes to the class when the screen went black. For a moment, everybody stopped and listened to the noise of the rain.
At first, the students did not understand what was happening. A few of them started to laugh, and a few others looked a little worried. In the classroom next door, some children were writing a short test when their computers turned off, so they put down their pens and waited in the dark. Down the corridor, a music teacher was playing the piano, but the lamps above her went dark too. Because the sky outside was so grey, the whole school suddenly felt like the evening. Teachers were walking calmly from room to room, and they were telling everyone to stay in their seats and not to worry.
While the class was waiting for the electricity, something good happened. Merve, one of the students, found some old candles in a cupboard. So the class put the candles on the table, and they continued the lesson in soft, warm light. Everyone was smiling because the room looked calm and cosy.
Mr. Demir did not need the video anymore. While the candles were burning, he told the story of a real volcano in his own words, and the students were listening very carefully. Some of them were drawing pictures of tall mountains and hot orange lava in their notebooks. Selin forgot all about her cold tea, because the story was so exciting. Outside, the rain was still falling against the windows, but inside the room felt warm and safe. For a short time, the teenagers felt like explorers sitting around a campfire, and they were enjoying every single minute of the strange, dark lesson.
Twenty minutes later, while everyone was talking quietly, the lights came back on. Ms. Kaya, a guest teacher, said, 'This was the most interesting lesson of my life!' She liked the class, and she thanked everyone before she left.
When the bright lights finally returned, some students clapped their hands and cheered. The computers slowly started again, and the video of the volcano appeared on the screen, but nobody really wanted to watch it now. The candlelight story was much better than any video. Ms. Kaya quickly took a photo of the happy classroom before the last candle went out, and she promised to show it to the other teachers. As she was leaving, she said quietly that she would remember this small school for a very long time.
That afternoon, the news about the power cut travelled fast around the school. At lunch, students from other classes were asking Selin and Mark a lot of questions. 'Were you scared in the dark?' one younger boy asked them. 'No,' Mark said with a big smile, 'it was actually really fun!' The two friends told the story again and again, and every time they added a new funny detail. Even the teachers were smiling in the staff room, because a grey, rainy Tuesday had slowly turned into a special memory for the whole school.
Later, on the bus home, Selin was looking out of the window at the wet streets and thinking about the day. She was learning something important: sometimes the best moments happen when your plans go wrong. Mark was sitting next to her, still drawing a small volcano in the corner of his notebook. They agreed that they would never forget the candles, the story, and the sound of the rain. When Selin got home, she told her family everything, and they laughed with her about her strange and wonderful morning at school.
After the guest teacher went home, the students cleaned the classroom and laughed about the strange morning. It was not a normal Tuesday, but it was a day that nobody at Greenhill School forgot.
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Complete the sentences with the correct past form from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki doğru geçmiş yapıyla tamamla.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. What were Selin and Mark doing at nine o'clock?
2. What did the class do when the lights went out?
3. How did the day end?
Metinde and, but, so, because, when, while, before ve after bağlaçlarını bul — her biri en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu bağlaçları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
A speaker remembers growing up in the 1990s. (Bir konuşmacı 90'larda büyümesini anlatıyor.)
You will hear a short talk about the speaker's childhood. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Konuşmacının çocukluğu hakkında kısa bir konuşma dinleyeceksin. Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)
Write and submit your story; your teacher will review it. (Hikâyeni yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Bir hikâye, alt alta dizilmiş cümleler değildir. What makes a story flow is connectors (bağlaçlar): olayları birbirine bağlar, sırayı ve ilişkiyi gösterirler. Bu ünitede özellikle when ve while işine yarayacak — çünkü süren bir eylemi (Past Continuous) kesen bir olaya (Past Simple) bağlarlar.
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Ne işe yarar? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | ve | Ekleme yapar | We laughed and talked all night. |
| but | ama | Zıtlık gösterir | It was cold but sunny. |
| so | bu yüzden | Sonuç bildirir | It was raining, so we stayed in. |
| because | çünkü | Sebep bildirir | I was happy because my friends came. |
| when | -diğinde | Kısa/ani olay | I was cooking when the bell rang. |
| while | -irken | Süren eylem | While we were eating, music played. |
| after | -den sonra | Sonraki olay | After the party, we went home. |
| before | -den önce | Önceki olay | We ate before the film started. |
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | Bağlaçlı akıcı yazı ✓ |
|---|---|
| It was my birthday. We were sitting in the garden. It started to rain. We went inside. We were happy. | It was my birthday, and we were sitting in the garden when it started to rain. So we went inside, but we were still happy. |
Bir anlatı paragrafı üç bölümden oluşur. This skeleton is the same every time — içini değiştirirsin, yapıyı değiştirmezsin:
| Bölüm | Ne yazılır? | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Giriş (Opening) | Gün ne zamandı, genel his | Last summer, I had a really memorable day. |
| 2. Gövde (Body) | Ne oluyordu ve ne oldu — Past Continuous + Past Simple, when/while ile | While we were walking on the beach, we saw... |
| 3. Kapanış (Closing) | Son bir yorum / neden unutulmaz | I will never forget that day. |
Write about a memorable day from your past. (Geçmişinden unutulmaz bir günü anlat.) Use the Past Continuous and the Past Simple together.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading + listening. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma + dinleme.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Oturum kontrol ediliyor...