Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Bazen bir şeyin fazla olduğunu söylemek istersin: "This coffee is too hot." Bazen yeterli olduğunu: "The room is big enough." Bazen de bir sıfatı vurgulamak istersin: "The film was so boring!" Sounds much more natural, right? İşte bu dört küçük kelime — too, enough, so ve such — cümlelerine tam olarak bu tadı verir.
Bu bölümde dört yapıyı öğreneceğiz: too (aşırılık: gereğinden fazla), enough (yeterlilik), so (sıfatı vurgular) ve such (isim öbeğini vurgular). Then we will learn the exact difference between them, because Turkish speakers often mix them up. Adım adım gidelim.
too, bir şeyin gereğinden fazla olduğunu söyler ve içinde her zaman bir problem vardır. "Çok" değil, "aşırı / fazla" diye düşün: "too hot" = içilemeyecek kadar sıcak. It always comes before the adjective or adverb:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe mantığı |
|---|---|---|
| too + sıfat | The bag is too heavy. | taşınamayacak kadar ağır |
| too + zarf | You drive too fast. | tehlikeli olacak kadar hızlı |
| too + sıfat + to | It's too cold to swim. | yüzülemeyecek kadar soğuk |
| too much + sayılamayan | There is too much salt. | fazla tuz (sayılamaz) |
| too many + sayılabilen | There are too many cars. | fazla araba (sayılabilir) |
enough, "yeterince" demektir. En kritik nokta yeri: sıfat/zarfın SONRASINA, ama ismin ÖNÜNE gelir. Türkçedeki tek "yeterince" kelimesi İngilizcede iki farklı yerde durur:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| sıfat + enough | The room is big enough. | yeterince büyük (enough SONRA) |
| zarf + enough | He runs fast enough. | yeterince hızlı |
| enough + isim | We have enough chairs. | yeterince sandalye (enough ÖNCE) |
| sıfat + enough + to | She is old enough to drive. | araba sürebilecek kadar büyük |
İkisi de miktarla ilgilidir ama zıt yöndedir. too = fazla (problem var); enough = tam yeterli (sorun yok); not enough = az (yetersiz). Aynı durumu üç şekilde de söyleyebilirsin:
| Durum | Cümle | Anlamı |
|---|---|---|
| fazla | The coffee is too hot. | İçemem — aşırı sıcak. |
| yeterli | The coffee is hot enough. | Tam iyi — içebilirim. |
| az | The coffee is not hot enough. | Soğuk — biraz daha ısınsın. |
so, "o kadar / çok" demektir ve bir sıfatı ya da zarfı güçlendirir. Yanında isim yoktur. Sık sık "so + sıfat + that" (o kadar ... ki) kalıbında görürsün:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| so + sıfat | The film was so long. | Film çok uzundu. |
| so + zarf | She sings so well. | O kadar güzel şarkı söylüyor. |
| so + sıfat + that | It was so cold that we left. | O kadar soğuktu ki gittik. |
| so much / so many | I have so much work. | O kadar çok işim var ki. |
such de "öyle / o kadar" demektir, ama yanında bir isim vardır. Yapı: such + a/an + (sıfat) + tekil isim. Çoğul ya da sayılamayan isimde "a/an" düşer:
| Yapı | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| such + a + sıfat + tekil | It was such a good film. | Öyle güzel bir filmdi ki. |
| such an + sıfat + tekil | She is such an honest girl. | Öyle dürüst bir kız ki. |
| such + sıfat + çoğul | They are such kind people. | Öyle nazik insanlar ki (a yok). |
| such + sıfat + that | It was such a hot day that we stayed in. | O kadar sıcak bir gündü ki içeride kaldık. |
Türkçe konuşanların too / enough / so / such ile en sık yaptığı hatalar aşağıda. Özellikle so (sıfatla) ile such (isimle) ve enough'un yerine dikkat et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| The tea is enough hot. | The tea is hot enough. | enough sıfattan SONRA gelir. |
| We don't have money enough. | We don't have enough money. | enough isimden ÖNCE gelir. |
| It was so a nice day. | It was such a nice day. | İsim varsa such (so değil). |
| The people are such nice. | The people are so nice. | İsim yok, sadece sıfat → so. |
| This soup is too much spicy. | This soup is too spicy. | Sıfattan önce "too" (too much değil). |
| She is such a kind. / such kind woman. | She is such a kind woman. | such + a + sıfat + tekil isim. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Two friends talk about a new room and a new school. Koyu yazılan too / enough / so / such yapılarına dikkat ederek iki kez oku:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then use too, enough, so and such in your own sentences. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra too / enough / so / such'ı kendi cümlelerinde kullan.)
Write 8 sentences about things around you (food, your room, the weather, your town...). Use at least 8 of the words above. (Çevrendeki şeyler hakkında 8 cümle yaz. Yukarıdaki kelimelerden en az 8'ini kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Before you read, think about these three questions (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler): tired · quiet · warm · delicious · space · friendly · too · enough · so · such
Last month Mia's family moved to a new town. For the first time, Mia had her own room. At first she was worried, because the room was too small for all her boxes. There was not enough space for her big desk, so she gave it to her cousin. "The room is so tiny!" she thought on the first day.
On the first day, Mia opened many boxes. She had too many clothes for the small cupboard, so she put some under the bed. Her bed was big enough for her, and she liked it a lot. She put her favourite posters on the wall. There were so many good memories in those boxes: her old football, her comics and her phone charger. The room still looked messy at night, but Mia was so tired that she fell asleep quickly.
But Mia soon changed her mind. The room was quiet enough to sleep well, and it was warm enough in winter. It was small, but it had enough light for her plants and her books. Best of all, her new school was in such a friendly neighbourhood that she felt at home very fast.
On Monday, Mia started at her new school. She was a little nervous, because the building was so big. There were too many corridors, and she could not find her class! A kind teacher helped her. The classroom was bright and warm enough, and the desks were new. Her first English lesson was so interesting that the hour felt very short. At lunch, the canteen was too crowded, so Mia sat outside in the sun.
Her new classmate, Deniz, was such a kind friend. She lived next door and knew everyone at school. "This school is so nice," she told Mia. "You are lucky." On Saturday, Deniz's mum made too much cake, so she brought a big slice to Mia. It was so delicious that Mia asked for the recipe.
Mia and Deniz soon became very good friends. After school, they did their homework together. The maths homework was too hard for Mia, but Deniz explained it so well that Mia understood everything. They also joined the school football team. Mia was fast enough to play, and the coach was so friendly to the new girl. On weekends, they watched films. One film was so funny that they laughed for a whole hour. "You are such a good friend," Deniz said, and Mia felt at home.
Every morning, Mia woke up early. She slept well, so she always felt fresh and ready. Breakfast was quick: bread, cheese and a glass of warm milk. Sometimes the milk was too hot, so she waited a few minutes. Then she walked to school with Deniz. The road was quiet and safe enough for the two girls. They talked about music, homework and their favourite singers. The walk was so pleasant that Mia never wanted to take a bus.
The school was close enough to walk to, so Mia was never too tired in the morning. She saved her bus money for the cinema, and she had time for a short walk in the park. Life in the new town was becoming easy.
The park near Mia's home was such a beautiful place. It had enough space for football and long walks. In the evening, it was quiet enough to read a book on a bench. Sometimes the town was too noisy during the day, but the park was always calm. Mia often went there with Deniz after class. On hot days, it was so nice to sit under the tall trees and eat ice cream. Her little brother came too. He was too young to play football well, but everyone helped him.
One rainy Sunday, Mia stayed in her room all day. The rain was too heavy for the park, so she and Deniz played games on the computer. The room was warm and cosy. It was small, but it was big enough for two friends. They ate popcorn and drank tea. The tea was so nice that they made a second cup. "Your room is such a lovely place," Deniz said. Mia agreed: a small room can still be a very happy room.
At first, Mia missed her old friends very much. Her old city was big and exciting, but it was often too crowded and too loud. Her new town was smaller and much calmer. Now she had enough time for her hobbies. She played football, read her books and painted. She was good enough at drawing to make a poster for the class. Her teacher said the poster was so beautiful that she put it on the classroom wall. Mia smiled. This move was such a nice surprise.
After two weeks, Mia wrote to her old best friend: "My room is small, but it is good enough for me. The people here are so friendly, and the town is such an exciting place. I am really happy."
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Complete the sentences with too, enough, so or such from the text. (Cümleleri metindeki doğru kelimeyle tamamla: too / enough / so / such.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. Why was Mia worried on the first day?
2. What did Deniz and her mum do for Mia?
3. Why is Mia happy in the end?
Metinde too, enough, so ve such yapılarını bul — her biri birden çok kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu yapıları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
Play a reaction game, then do the extra practice quiz. (Bir tepki oyunu oyna, sonra ekstra alıştırma testini yap.)
Bir kişi bir durum söyler, diğeri too / enough / so / such ile tepki verir. A says a situation; B reacts with the right structure. Önce örnek diyaloğa bak:
Şimdi sıra sende. Say a sentence about each of these out loud using too, enough, so or such — sesli olarak. Mümkünse bir arkadaşınla oyna. Amaç: yapıları rahatça kullanabilmek.
Söylediğin cümleleri yazıya dök ve öğretmenine gönder — istersen. (Write down your sentences and submit them for feedback — optional.) 4-6 cümle, her birinde too / enough / so / such kullan.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your speaking task.)
10 questions on too, enough, so and such mixed. (10 soru: karışık too / enough / so / such.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Write and submit your paragraph; your teacher will review it. (Paragrafını yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Sadece "good", "bad", "big" demek bir yazıyı düz bırakır. What makes writing sound natural and mature is words like too, enough, so and such: bir şeyin fazla mı, yeterli mi olduğunu söyler, duyguyu vurgularlar. Bir de bağlaçları (and, but, because, when...) eklersen, yazın gerçek bir metne dönüşür.
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Düz cümleler ✗ | too / enough / so / such ile ✓ |
|---|---|
| My room is small. It is a bit cold. My town is nice. I like it. | My room is too small for a big desk, and it isn't warm enough in winter, but my town is such a nice place that I don't want to leave. |
A2 boyunca öğrendiğin bağlaçlar. This is your toolbox — bunları too / enough / so / such ile birlikte kullan:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| and | ve | It is small and too dark. |
| but | ama | The room is small but warm enough. |
| because | çünkü | I love the park because it is so quiet. |
| when | -diğinde | It is too cold when winter comes. |
| after | -den sonra | I was so tired after the trip. |
Write about your home and your town. (Evini ve yaşadığın şehri/kasabayı anlat.) Use too, enough, so and such.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: gramer + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Bu, A2 seviyesinin son ünitesiydi. Geçmiş zamanlardan geleceğe, karşılaştırmalardan koşul cümlelerine ve şimdi too / enough / so / such yapılarına kadar 12 ünitenin tamamını tamamladın. Artık fazlalığı, yeterliliği ve vurguyu çok daha doğal cümlelerle anlatabilirsin. Sıradaki durak: B1. Emeğin için kendini kutla ve öğrenmeye devam et.
Genel İngilizce'ye Dön & B1'e Bak ›Oturum kontrol ediliyor...