Read the rules, study the examples, then do the exercises. (Kuralları oku, örnekleri incele, sonra alıştırmaları yap.)
Geçmişte düzenli yaptığın ama artık yapmadığın bir şeyi anlatmak istediğinde used to kullanırız: "I used to play football, but now I don't." Aynı yapı, geçmişte doğru olan ama bugün değişmiş durumları da anlatır: "She used to have long hair." Türkçedeki "eskiden ... -ardı / -erdi" mantığının tam karşılığıdır.
Bu bölümde dört şeyi öğreneceğiz: olumlu yapı (used to + fiil), olumsuz yapı (didn't use to), soru yapısı (Did ... use to?) ve used to ile past simple arasındaki fark. Adım adım gidelim.
Yapı çok basittir ve bütün öznelerde aynıdır — I, you, he, she, it, we, they için hiç değişmez. Fiil her zaman yalın halde (base form) gelir; -s, -ed, -ing eklenmez.
| Özne | Yapı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | used to + fiil | They used to live here. |
| He / She / It | used to + fiil (yine -s YOK) | She used to study here. |
Olumsuzda didn't kullanırız ve çok önemli bir kural devreye girer: didn't'ten sonra fiil "used to" değil, use to olur (sondaki -d düşer). Çünkü olumsuzluğu zaten did taşır.
Soruda cümlenin başına Did gelir ve yine fiil use to (d'siz) olur. Mantık olumsuzla aynıdır: soruyu ve olumsuzluğu did taşıdığı için "used" değil "use" yazarız.
| Soru | Kısa cevap |
|---|---|
| Did you use to play tennis? | Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. |
| Did she use to live abroad? | Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. |
| Where did they use to go? | They used to go to the coast. |
İkisi de geçmişten bahseder, ama işleri farklıdır. used to geçmişte tekrar eden alışkanlıklar ve artık geçerli olmayan durumlar içindir. Past simple ise geçmişte bir kez olup biten olaylar ya da belirli bir zaman verildiğinde kullanılır.
| used to (alışkanlık/durum) | Past simple (tek olay/belirli zaman) |
|---|---|
| I used to play video games. | I played a new game yesterday. |
| We used to visit them a lot. | We visited them last Sunday. |
| She used to live in Izmir. | She moved to Izmir in 2019. |
used to özellikle o zamanlar / şimdi (then / now) karşılaştırması yaparken çok işine yarar. Geçmişteki halinle bugünkü halini karşılaştırırsın.
Türkçe konuşanların used to yapısında en sık yaptığı hatalar aşağıda. Kendi cümlelerini yazarken bu listeyle kontrol et:
| Yanlış ✗ | Doğru ✓ | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| I use to play football. | I used to play football. | Olumlu cümlede -d unutulmaz: used to. |
| I didn't used to study. | I didn't use to study. | didn't'ten sonra use to (d düşer). |
| Did you used to live here? | Did you use to live here? | Soruda da use to (d düşer). |
| She used to playing tennis. | She used to play tennis. | used to'dan sonra yalın fiil (-ing yok). |
| He use to played here. | He used to play here. | Fiil geçmiş değil, yalın olur. |
| I am used to have a bike. | I used to have a bike. | Geçmiş alışkanlık için "used to", "am used to" değil. |
Şimdi her şeyi bir arada görelim. Two old friends talk about their childhood. Koyu yazılan used to yapılarına dikkat ederek iki kez oku:
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.) — 10 soru, her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Learn the words, then talk about your past habits in your own sentences. (Kelimeleri öğren, sonra geçmiş alışkanlıklarını kendi cümlelerinle anlat.)
Write 8 sentences about your past habits — things you used to do (or didn't). Use at least 8 of the words above. (Geçmiş alışkanlıklarını anlatan 8 cümle yaz — eskiden yaptığın ya da yapmadığın şeyler. Yukarıdaki kelimelerden en az 8'ini kullan.)
Sentence starters (Cümle başlatıcıları — istersen bunlarla başla):
Read the text, then answer the questions. (Metni oku, sonra soruları cevapla.)
İyi okuyucular metne hazırlıklı girer. Before you read, think about these three questions (cevapları yazmana gerek yok):
Words to spot (Metinde geçen, Speaking bölümünden tanıdığın kelimeler): village · childhood · memory · remember · quiet · free · nowadays · used to · didn't use to
My name is Emre, and I love listening to my grandmother's stories about the past. She often tells me how different life used to be when she was a young girl in a small village near Trabzon.
I am fifteen now, so her village sounds like another world to me. When she was young, there weren't any phones or computers, and children didn't use to stay inside all day. Instead, they used to spend almost all their free time outside with their friends. My grandmother says she used to have lots of friends in the village, and everyone used to know each other very well. The older children used to look after the younger ones, and nobody used to feel alone.
"We didn't use to have a television," she says. "In the evenings, the whole family used to sit around the fire, and my father used to tell long stories. I used to listen for hours." Life was slower then, but she says people used to talk to each other much more.
Games were simple back then. My grandmother didn't use to have a phone or a games console, but she was never bored. She and her friends used to make their own toys from wood and old cloth, and they used to play in the fields until it was dark. On summer nights, all the children used to run between the houses and play hiding games. "We used to laugh so much," she tells me. "We didn't use to need many things to be happy."
My grandmother used to walk to school every day. The school was far away, so she used to leave home before sunrise. "We didn't use to have cars in the village," she explains. "Did we complain? No! We used to sing on the way, and we were happy."
School life was different too. My grandmother used to share one classroom with children of many ages, and there used to be only one teacher for everyone. Books were expensive, so the students used to share them. "Did you use to have homework?" I once asked her. "Yes, we did," she laughed, "but we didn't use to have much free time after it, because we used to help our families in the garden." She still remembers her best friend from those days, and she says they used to walk to school together every morning.
Food was different too. Her family used to grow their own vegetables, and they used to keep chickens behind the house. They didn't use to buy much from shops, because there weren't many shops nearby.
Because the family used to grow so much of their own food, the seasons used to feel very important. In summer, everyone used to work hard in the garden, and in autumn they used to store food for the cold months. My grandmother used to collect eggs from the chickens every morning before school. "We didn't use to waste anything," she says. "Nothing used to go in the bin." When I hear this, I remember how much food we throw away today.
When I visit my grandmother, I love asking her lots of questions about those years. "Did you use to celebrate holidays differently?" I asked her last week. She told me that the whole village used to come together for weddings and festivals, and everyone used to bring food to share. "We didn't use to have big parties in halls," she said. "We used to dance in the streets, and the music used to go on until midnight." People used to help each other with everything, from building houses to picking fruit.
Life used to be simple in other ways as well. My grandmother didn't use to have many clothes — just a few things for school and one nice dress for special days. Her family used to fix old things instead of buying new ones, and she used to walk everywhere because there weren't any buses in the village. "Young people today think they need everything at once," she says with a smile, "but we used to be happy with very little."
Sometimes I think about my own past habits, too. When I was a small child, I used to play football in the park with my cousins every weekend, and I didn't use to spend hours on my phone. Now my days are full of school and screens, and I don't go outside as much. My grandmother's stories make me want to change some of my habits and enjoy simple things again.
Today, my grandmother lives in a big city. She has a phone, a television and a warm flat. Life is easier now, but she says she still misses the old days. "I used to feel free," she tells me. "Now everything is fast." When I visit her, I always ask, "Grandma, did you use to be happier then?" She smiles and says, "Maybe I did."
Choose the correct answer. (Doğru cevabı seç.)
Are these sentences true or false? (Bu cümleler doğru mu yanlış mı?)
Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to (used to / didn't use to / use to / did) or the missing verb, based on the text. (Cümleleri metne göre doğru "used to" biçimiyle ya da eksik fiille tamamla.)
Write your answer in your own words. (Cevabını kendi cümlelerinle yaz.) Bu sorular otomatik puanlanmaz.
1. What did the family use to do in the evenings?
2. How did the grandmother get to school, and why did she leave home so early?
3. How does the grandmother feel about life now, compared with the past?
Metinde used to (olumlu), didn't use to (olumsuz) ve Did ... use to? (soru) yapılarını bul — hepsi en az bir kez geçiyor. (Writing bölümünde bu yapıları kendi yazında kullanacaksın.) Bulduklarını not et, sonra kontrol et.
Play a past-habits game, then do the extra practice quiz. (Geçmiş alışkanlıklar oyunu oyna, sonra ekstra alıştırma testini yap.)
Geçmişteki halinle bugünkü halini karşılaştır. Say what you used to do or didn't use to do, then say what is true now. Partnerin de kendi cümlesini kurar. Önce örnek diyaloğa bak:
Şimdi sıra sende. Say each of these out loud with used to — sesli olarak. Mümkünse bir arkadaşınla konuş. Amaç: geçmiş alışkanlıklarını rahatça anlatabilmek.
Söylediğin "then & now" cümlelerini yazıya dök ve öğretmenine gönder — istersen. (Write down your then & now sentences and submit them for feedback — optional.) 4-6 cümle, her birinde used to kullan.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your speaking task.)
10 questions on used to — positive, negative, questions and past simple mixed. (10 soru: karışık used to.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Write and submit your paragraph; your teacher will review it. (Paragrafını yaz ve gönder; öğretmenin değerlendirecek.)
Kısa, kopuk cümleler bir yazıyı zayıf gösterir. What makes writing about the past sound natural is used to: geçmiş alışkanlıklarını ve artık değişmiş durumları net biçimde anlatır. Bir de bağlaçları (and, but, so, because, when...) eklersen, yazın gerçek bir metne dönüşür.
Farkı gör — aynı bilgiler, iki farklı yazım:
| Kopuk cümleler ✗ | used to + bağlaç ile ✓ |
|---|---|
| I was a child. I lived in a village. I played outside. Now I live in a city. | When I was a child, I used to live in a village, and I used to play outside all day, but now I live in a busy city. |
A2 boyunca öğrendiğin bağlaçlar. This is your toolbox — bunları used to yapılarıyla birlikte kullan:
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| and | ve | I used to read and draw a lot. |
| but | ama | I used to be shy, but now I'm not. |
| so | bu yüzden | We didn't use to have a car, so we walked. |
| because | çünkü | I miss the village because it was quiet. |
| when | -diğinde | I used to play outside when I was young. |
Write about how your life used to be when you were younger. (Daha küçükken hayatının nasıl olduğunu anlat.) Use used to.
Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)
Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do. (Ünitenin tamamından karışık sorular; sonra neler yapabildiğini işaretle.)
14 questions: used to grammar + vocabulary + reading. (14 soru: used to grameri + kelime + okuma.) Her soru anında değerlendirilir.
Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher. (Şu an yapabildiklerini işaretle. Dürüst cevaplar öğretmenine yol gösterir.)
İşaretlemediğin madde varsa ilgili bölüme dönüp tekrar çalış — soldaki menüden her bölüme geri dönebilirsin.
Bu, A2 seviyesinin son ünitesiydi. Geçmiş zamanlardan geleceğe, karşılaştırmalardan koşul cümlelerine ve şimdi geçmiş alışkanlıklara (used to) kadar bütün üniteleri tamamladın. Artık geçmişini, alışkanlıklarını ve olayları çok daha zengin cümlelerle anlatabilirsin. Sıradaki durak: B1. Emeğin için kendini kutla ve öğrenmeye devam et.
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