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IELTS Grammar AccuracyIELTS Dilbilgisi Doğruluğu — Bandı Tavanlayan 7 Hata

IELTS Writing'de orta bandda takılmanın sebebi çoğu zaman süslü kelime eksikliği değil, cümlelerin ayakta durmamasıdır. Bu rehber, Türk öğrencilerde tekrar eden yedi dilbilgisi hatasını — fragment, comma splice, özne-fiil uyumu, çoğul -s, article, zaman kipi — kural + çözümlü alıştırma + cevap anahtarıyla adım adım kapatır.

1. Neden orta bandda takılırsın: dil, taktik değil

IELTS Writing'de orta bandlarda (5.5–6.0) takılmanın sebebi genellikle süslü kelime eksikliği değildir — cümlelerin ayakta durmamasıdır. Değerlendirici bir metni okurken üç soru sorar: Bu cümle tam mı? Özne ile fiil uyuyor mu? İki cümle doğru mu birleştirilmiş? Bu üç soruya "evet" gelmiyorsa, ne kadar iyi kelime kullanırsan kullan Grammatical Range & Accuracy (GRA) puanın — ve dolayısıyla genel band — tavanlanır.

"Süslü kelime band yükseltmez; ayakta duran cümle yükseltir. Önce cümleyi kırılmaz yap, sonra süsle.

Bu bandda geçerli tek strateji

Karmaşık cümle kurmaya çalışıp cümleyi bozmak yerine doğru basit cümle yaz. Band 6.0 tanımı zaten şunu söyler: basit cümleler çoğunlukla doğru, karmaşık cümle denemeleri hatalı olabilir. Yani karmaşığı denemek zorunda değilsin; basiti hatasız yazmak zorundasın.

2. Türk öğrencide neden bu hatalar tekrar eder?

Bu hatalar dikkatsizlik değil, dil aktarımıdır (L1 transfer): Türkçenin kuralı İngilizceye taşınır. Sebebini bilmek, hatayı görmeyi kolaylaştırır.

Neden önemli

Bir hatanın kökeninin Türkçe olduğunu bilmek, onu yazarken önceden yakalamanı sağlar. Bunlar rastgele değil, sistemli hatalardır — sistemli oldukları için de sistemli biçimde kapatılabilir.

Türkçede	İngilizcede	Ortaya çıkan hata
Article yoktur	a, an, the zorunludur	Pollution is serious problem.
Virgül iki yargıyı bağlar	Virgül iki tam cümleyi bağlayamaz	Exercise is good, it reduces stress.
Sayıdan sonra çoğul eki gelmez	Sayıdan sonra çoğul gelir	She read five book.
Üçüncü tekil eki yoktur	Geniş zamanda -s zorunlu	He go to school.
Bilgiler, tavsiyeler denebilir	information, advice sayılamaz	He gave me three advices.
"Çünkü" ile cümle başlayabilir	Because tek başına cümle kuramaz	Because the traffic is heavy.
"Rağmen" ve "ama" birlikte gelir	Although ve but birlikte gelmez	Although she was tired, but she finished.
"Katılıyorum"	agree bir fiildir	I am agree with you.

2. Why do these mistakes recur in Turkish students?

These mistakes are not carelessness but language transfer (L1 transfer): a Turkish rule is carried over into English. Knowing the cause makes the mistake easier to spot.

Why it matters

Knowing that a mistake has its root in Turkish lets you catch it in advance as you write. These are not random but systematic errors — and because they are systematic, they can be closed systematically.

In Turkish	In English	The resulting error
There is no article	a, an, the are obligatory	Pollution is serious problem.
A comma joins two clauses	A comma cannot join two full sentences	Exercise is good, it reduces stress.
No plural ending after a number	Plural follows a number	She read five book.
There is no third-person -s	-s is obligatory in the present simple	He go to school.
You can say "informations", "advices"	information, advice are uncountable	He gave me three advices.
A sentence can start with "because"	Because cannot form a sentence on its own	Because the traffic is heavy.
"Although" and "but" come together	Although and but do not come together	Although she was tired, but she finished.
"I agree"	agree is a verb	I am agree with you.

3. Yedi hata türü — kural + çözümlü örnek

Her hata türü için önce kural, sonra alıştırma ve cevap anahtarı var. Cevaba bakmadan önce kendin dene; sonra karşılaştır. (Kaynak: Gri IELTS Kamp — Gramer Doğruluğu kitapçığı, 113 alıştırmadan seçme.)

3.1 · Fragment (eksik cümle)

Kural: Bir cümlede üç şey olmalı: özne, çekimli fiil, tam düşünce. Because, although, while, which, who ile başlayan parça tek başına cümle olamaz; -ing ile başlayan parça çekimli fiil sayılmaz. Fragment en çok noktanın erken konmasıyla oluşur.

Tam cümle mi, fragment mı? Fragment ise düzelt:

İfade	Karar + düzeltme
Because many students work part-time.	Fragment → Because many students work part-time, they have little time to study.
The government should invest in public transport.	Tam cümle ✓
Which is the main reason for the problem.	Fragment → This is the main reason for the problem.
Although technology makes life easier.	Fragment → Although technology makes life easier, it also creates new problems.
Studying every night without a break.	Fragment → Studying every night without a break is exhausting.
While some people prefer to work from home.	Fragment → While some people prefer to work from home, others prefer an office.

3.2 · Run-on ve Comma Splice (en sık hata)

Kural: İki tam cümleyi virgül tek başına birleştiremez (comma splice); hiçbir işaret koymamak da yanlıştır (run-on). Dört çözüm: (1) nokta, (2) noktalı virgül, (3) virgül + and/but/so/because, (4) birini yan cümleye çevir. Dikkat: however, therefore, moreover birer zarftır, bağlaç değil — önlerine virgül yetmez, nokta/noktalı virgül gerekir.

Hatalı	Doğru
Online learning is convenient, it saves travel time.	Online learning is convenient because it saves travel time.
The city is crowded, however the air quality is good.	The city is crowded. However, the air quality is good.
Many students work part-time they need the money.	Many students work part-time because they need the money.
Exercise is important, therefore schools should provide more sport.	Exercise is important; therefore, schools should provide more sport.
Some people prefer books, others prefer films.	Some people prefer books, while others prefer films.

3.3 · Özne–Fiil Uyumu

Kural: Geniş zamanda üçüncü tekil şahıs fiile -s alır. Araya giren öbek fiili etkilemez: fiil, öbeğin son ismine değil asıl özneye uyar. Each, every, everyone, nobody ve sayılamaz isimler tekildir.

Parantezdeki fiilin doğru biçimi:

Cümle	Cevap
The number of cars in the city ___ (rise) every year.	rises — "the number of" tekildir
Every student in these three classes ___ (have) a laptop.	has — "every" tekil
The information provided by the researchers ___ (be) reliable.	is — "information" sayılamaz/tekil
Technology, together with globalisation, ___ (change) the job market.	changes — asıl özne "technology"
Neither of the two solutions ___ (seem) practical.	seems — "neither of" tekil
One of the main causes of obesity ___ (be) poor diet.	is — asıl özne "one"

3.4 · Çoğul -s ve Sayılabilirlik

Kural: Sayıdan sonra çoğul gelir (three books). Şu isimler asla -s almaz: information, advice, research, equipment, furniture, knowledge, progress, evidence, news, homework, traffic, money. Bunlarla a piece of / a great deal of kullanılır. Many sayılabilir, much sayılamaz ile.

Hatalı	Doğru
The teacher gave us three advices.	The teacher gave us three pieces of advice.
Many researches show that sleep affects memory.	A great deal of research shows that sleep affects memory.
We need more informations about the course.	We need more information about the course.
The company bought new equipments.	The company bought new equipment.
The news are not encouraging.	The news is not encouraging.
The traffics in Istanbul are terrible.	The traffic in Istanbul is terrible.

3.5 · Article (a, an, the ve sıfır)

Kural: İlk kez bahsediyorsan a/an, ikinci kez the. Tekil sayılabilir isim asla yalnız kalmaz. Genel konuşuyorsan çoğul/sayılamaz isim article almaz (Students need support.). Benzersiz şeyler the alır (the government, the internet). Ülke/şehir isimleri genelde article almaz. Article hatası anlamı bozmaz ama Band 6'ya çıkmayı engeller.

Boşluk	Cevap
___ education is a basic human right.	∅ (genel) — Education...
She wants to become ___ engineer.	an
___ government should invest more in transport.	The (benzersiz)
The article I read yesterday was convincing. / I read ___ interesting article.	1. The (2. bahis) · 2. an (ilk bahis)
Istanbul is ___ largest city in Turkey.	the (superlatif)
___ internet has changed the way we work.	The
___ Turkey has a young population.	∅ (ülke ismi)

3.6 · Zaman Kipi Tutarlılığı

Kural: Task 2 görüş ve genel gerçek → present simple. Task 1 geçmiş tarihli veri → past simple; tarihsiz veri/süreç → present simple, sıklıkla edilgen. Speaking Part 2 hikâye → past simple. En sık hata: bir paragrafta geçmişe kayıp sonra bugüne dönmek.

Hatalı	Doğru
The graph shows that sales increase sharply between 2010 and 2015.	...sales increased sharply between 2010 and 2015. (tarihli → geçmiş)
Last summer I go to Antalya and I stayed there.	Last summer I went to Antalya and stayed there.
Since 2015, the number of users is increasing.	Since 2015, the number of users has been increasing.
When I was a child, I am very shy.	When I was a child, I was very shy.
If governments will act now, the problem can be solved.	If governments act now, the problem can be solved. (1. koşul)
Yesterday I have finished my essay.	Yesterday I finished my essay. (belirli geçmiş)

3.7 · Karma Düzeltme (hata türü söylenmez)

Gerçek yazıda hangi hatayı aradığını kimse söylemez. Her cümlede tek hata var; bul, düzelt, türünü tanı.

Hatalı	Doğru + tür
Many student prefer to study alone.	Many students... — çoğul -s
The government should provides free healthcare.	...should provide... — modal + yalın fiil
Pollution is serious problem in modern cities.	...is a serious problem... — article
Although she was tired, but she finished the report.	Although she was tired, she finished... — although+but birlikte olmaz
I am agree with this opinion.	I agree with this opinion. — agree fiildir
Despite of the rain, the event continued.	Despite the rain... — despite + isim (of yok)
I have visited London three years ago.	I visited London three years ago. — ago → past simple
There is many reasons why students drop out.	There are many reasons... — özne-fiil uyumu

3. The seven mistake types — rule + worked example

For each mistake type there is first a rule, then an exercise and an answer key. Try it yourself before looking at the answer; then compare. (Source: Gri IELTS Camp — Grammatical Accuracy booklet, a selection from 113 exercises.)

3.1 · Fragment (incomplete sentence)

Rule: A sentence must have three things: a subject, a finite verb, a complete thought. A fragment beginning with because, although, while, which, who cannot be a sentence on its own; a fragment beginning with -ing does not count as a finite verb. Fragments most often come from placing a full stop too early.

Full sentence or fragment? If a fragment, fix it:

Statement	Decision + fix
Because many students work part-time.	Fragment → Because many students work part-time, they have little time to study.
The government should invest in public transport.	Full sentence ✓
Which is the main reason for the problem.	Fragment → This is the main reason for the problem.
Although technology makes life easier.	Fragment → Although technology makes life easier, it also creates new problems.
Studying every night without a break.	Fragment → Studying every night without a break is exhausting.
While some people prefer to work from home.	Fragment → While some people prefer to work from home, others prefer an office.

3.2 · Run-on and Comma Splice (the most common mistake)

Rule: A comma on its own cannot join two full sentences (comma splice); placing no mark at all is also wrong (run-on). Four fixes: (1) a full stop, (2) a semicolon, (3) a comma + and/but/so/because, (4) turn one into a subordinate clause. Note: however, therefore, moreover are adverbs, not conjunctions — a comma in front of them is not enough, you need a full stop/semicolon.

Incorrect	Correct
Online learning is convenient, it saves travel time.	Online learning is convenient because it saves travel time.
The city is crowded, however the air quality is good.	The city is crowded. However, the air quality is good.
Many students work part-time they need the money.	Many students work part-time because they need the money.
Exercise is important, therefore schools should provide more sport.	Exercise is important; therefore, schools should provide more sport.
Some people prefer books, others prefer films.	Some people prefer books, while others prefer films.

3.3 · Subject–Verb Agreement

Rule: In the present simple, the third-person singular verb takes -s. An intervening phrase does not affect the verb: the verb agrees with the real subject, not the last noun in the phrase. Each, every, everyone, nobody and uncountable nouns are singular.

The correct form of the verb in brackets:

Sentence	Answer
The number of cars in the city ___ (rise) every year.	rises — "the number of" is singular
Every student in these three classes ___ (have) a laptop.	has — "every" is singular
The information provided by the researchers ___ (be) reliable.	is — "information" is uncountable/singular
Technology, together with globalisation, ___ (change) the job market.	changes — the real subject is "technology"
Neither of the two solutions ___ (seem) practical.	seems — "neither of" is singular
One of the main causes of obesity ___ (be) poor diet.	is — the real subject is "one"

3.4 · Plural -s and Countability

Rule: A plural follows a number (three books). The following nouns never take -s: information, advice, research, equipment, furniture, knowledge, progress, evidence, news, homework, traffic, money. With these, use a piece of / a great deal of. Many is used with countable nouns, much with uncountable.

Incorrect	Correct
The teacher gave us three advices.	The teacher gave us three pieces of advice.
Many researches show that sleep affects memory.	A great deal of research shows that sleep affects memory.
We need more informations about the course.	We need more information about the course.
The company bought new equipments.	The company bought new equipment.
The news are not encouraging.	The news is not encouraging.
The traffics in Istanbul are terrible.	The traffic in Istanbul is terrible.

3.5 · Articles (a, an, the and zero)

Rule: If you are mentioning it for the first time, use a/an; the second time, the. A singular countable noun never stands alone. If you are speaking generally, a plural/uncountable noun takes no article (Students need support.). Unique things take the (the government, the internet). Names of countries/cities usually take no article. An article error does not distort meaning but it prevents you from reaching Band 6.

Gap	Answer
___ education is a basic human right.	∅ (general) — Education...
She wants to become ___ engineer.	an
___ government should invest more in transport.	The (unique)
The article I read yesterday was convincing. / I read ___ interesting article.	1. The (second mention) · 2. an (first mention)
Istanbul is ___ largest city in Turkey.	the (superlative)
___ internet has changed the way we work.	The
___ Turkey has a young population.	∅ (country name)

3.6 · Verb Tense Consistency

Rule: Task 2 opinions and general truths → present simple. Task 1 dated past data → past simple; undated data/process → present simple, often passive. A Speaking Part 2 story → past simple. The most common mistake: slipping into the past in one paragraph and then returning to the present.

Incorrect	Correct
The graph shows that sales increase sharply between 2010 and 2015.	...sales increased sharply between 2010 and 2015. (dated → past)
Last summer I go to Antalya and I stayed there.	Last summer I went to Antalya and stayed there.
Since 2015, the number of users is increasing.	Since 2015, the number of users has been increasing.
When I was a child, I am very shy.	When I was a child, I was very shy.
If governments will act now, the problem can be solved.	If governments act now, the problem can be solved. (first conditional)
Yesterday I have finished my essay.	Yesterday I finished my essay. (definite past)

3.7 · Mixed Correction (the error type is not given)

In real writing, no one tells you which mistake to look for. There is one error in each sentence; find it, fix it, name its type.

Incorrect	Correct + type
Many student prefer to study alone.	Many students... — plural -s
The government should provides free healthcare.	...should provide... — modal + bare verb
Pollution is serious problem in modern cities.	...is a serious problem... — article
Although she was tired, but she finished the report.	Although she was tired, she finished... — although+but don't go together
I am agree with this opinion.	I agree with this opinion. — agree is a verb
Despite of the rain, the event continued.	Despite the rain... — despite + noun (no of)
I have visited London three years ago.	I visited London three years ago. — ago → past simple
There is many reasons why students drop out.	There are many reasons... — subject-verb agreement

4. Paragraf temizleme (çözümlü)

Gerçek yazıda hata tek başına durmaz, paragrafın içinde saklanır. Yöntem: paragrafı dört kez oku, her okuyuşta tek hata türünü ara. Aynı anda hepsini aramak işe yaramaz — her tur tek bir avı kovalar:

Birinci tur: yalnızca çoğul -s ara — sayıdan sonra ve genel çoğullarda.
İkinci tur: yalnızca üçüncü tekil -s ara — geniş zaman fiillerinde.
Üçüncü tur: yalnızca virgül ara — comma splice ve run-on avı.
Dördüncü tur: yalnızca article ara — eksik ya da fazla a/an/the.

Hatalı paragraf (Task 2 — sevdiğin dersi okumak)

Many student believe that they should study subject they enjoy. In my opinion this is correct, because a person who enjoy his lesson will work harder. For example my cousin studied engineering, he did not like it and he left the university after two year. This show that interest is very important. Although he was a hardworking person, but he could not continue.

Temiz hali (düzeltmeler altı çizili)

Many students believe that they should study subjects they enjoy. In my opinion this is correct, because a person who enjoys his lessons will work harder. For example, my cousin studied engineering; he did not like it and he left university after two years. This shows that interest is very important. Although he was a hardworking person, he could not continue.

Yakalanan hatalar: çoğul -s (student→students, subject→subjects, year→years), üçüncü tekil -s (enjoy→enjoys, show→shows), comma splice (engineering, he→engineering; he), gereksiz article (the university→university), although+but (son cümlede but atıldı).

5. Kendi metnini tarama (yazdıktan sonra 5 dakika)

Listeyi sırayla değil, tek maddeyi arayarak uygula: metni baştan sona okuyup sadece virgülleri ara, sonra baştan sona okuyup sadece -s eklerini ara.

Her cümlede özne ve çekimli fiil var mı?
Because, although, which ile başlayan tek başına cümle bıraktım mı?
İki tam cümleyi sadece virgülle birleştirdim mi? However, therefore önüne nokta koydum mu?
Üçüncü tekil şahıs fiillerinde -s var mı? Uzun özne öbeğinde fiil asıl özneye mi uyuyor?
Sayıdan sonra çoğul -s koydum mu? information, advice, research, equipment kelimelerine -s eklemedim mi?
Tekil sayılabilir isim yalnız mı kaldı, article aldı mı? Genel anlamda gereksiz the ekledim mi?
Task 2'de present simple'da kaldım mı? Task 1'de tarih varsa geçmiş zaman kullandım mı?
I am agree yazdım mı? Although ile but'ı aynı cümlede kullandım mı?

En çok puan getiren üç madde

Comma splice. İki tam cümleyi virgülle birleştirmeyi bırakmak tek başına GRA'yı yükseltir.
Üçüncü tekil -s. En kolay düzeltilen, en sık yapılan hata.
Fragment. Because ile başlayan tek başına cümle bırakmamak.

İlgili Konular

IELTS Writing Task 1 IELTS Writing Task 2 Edilgen Çatı (Passive Voice) Articles (a/an/the) Cümle Yapısı Zamanlar Cohesion & Coherence IELTS Soru Bankası

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