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Ünite 2 · Future Continuous & Perfect · Bölüm 1/6

Grammar: Future Continuous & Future Perfect

Two precise tools for talking about the future: an action in progress, and an action already finished.

Two ways to stand in the future and look around

At B1 you talked about the future mainly with will and going to. At B2 you gain two sharper tools that let you place yourself at a moment in the future and describe what is happening around that moment.

The Future Continuous (will be + V-ing) shows an action in progress at a future time. The Future Perfect (will have + V3) shows an action that will be complete before a future point. Together they make your plans sound confident and exact.

  • This time tomorrow I will be flying to New York.In progress at a future moment → Future Continuous.
  • By 2030 they will have finished the new metro line.Completed before a future point → Future Perfect.
  • By the time you arrive, I will have cooked dinner.One future action complete before another.
  • Next week she will have been living here for ten years.Duration up to a future point → Future Perfect Continuous.

1. The forms at a glance (quick review)

Fix the shape of each tense first. Notice that both new tenses begin with will, and only what comes after it changes.

TenseStructureExample
Future Continuouswill be + V-ingAt 9 p.m. I will be studying.
Future Perfectwill have + V3By 9 p.m. I will have studied for three hours.
Future Perfect Continuouswill have been + V-ingBy 9 p.m. I will have been studying all evening.
Key point
  • will never changes for the subject: I will be, she will be, they will be. There is no "wills".
  • In questions, invert will: "Will you be waiting for me?" ✓ and negatives use won't: "By then we won't have finished."

2. Future Continuous (action in progress at a future moment)

Picture a clock in the future and ask: what will be happening right then? The Future Continuous (will be + V-ing) answers that. It is also a natural, polite way to talk about something that is going to happen anyway, as part of the normal course of events.

  • Don't call at eight — we will be having dinner then.The meal will be in progress at that future moment.
  • This time next week she will be relaxing on a beach.A definite future time + an action in progress.
  • Since you will be going past the shop anyway, could you get some milk?Something already expected to happen → a soft, polite tone.
B2 subtlety
  • Stative verbs (be, know, own, understand) avoid the continuous here too: "By then we will know the results." ✓ — not "will be knowing".
  • "I will be seeing Ali tomorrow" sounds like a fixed arrangement, whereas "I will see Ali" sounds like a decision made now.

3. Future Perfect (finished before a future point)

Now imagine standing at a future point and looking back at something already done. The Future Perfect (will have + V3) describes an action completed before that point. It almost always travels with a marker such as by, by the time or before.

  • By the end of the month, we will have moved into the new office.Complete before the end of the month.
  • The train leaves at six, so by seven it will have left the city far behind.Done before another future time.
  • Call me after nine; I will have finished the report by then.'by then' points back to a completed action.
B2 subtlety — Future Perfect Continuous
  • To stress the duration of an activity up to a future point, use will have been + V-ing: "By December, I will have been working here for five years."
  • For a finished amount or result, prefer the simple form: "By December, I will have written three books." (a number → simple, not continuous).

4. Three futures side by side (will do / will be doing / will have done)

The clearest way to feel the difference is to compare all three around the same moment. Ask yourself: is the action just a fact, is it in progress, or is it already over?

FormMeaningExample (at 8 p.m. tomorrow)
will doa simple future fact or decisionI will cook dinner tomorrow.
will be doingin progress at that momentAt 8 p.m. I will be cooking dinner.
will have donealready finished by that momentBy 8 p.m. I will have cooked dinner.
How to choose fast
  • at + a time often invites the Future Continuous (in progress): at midnight, at this time next week.
  • by + a time often invites the Future Perfect (already complete): by midnight, by next June.

5. Time signals (by / by the time / by then / this time next week)

These little phrases anchor your sentence in the future. Learn what each one signals — and one dangerous trap.

SignalPoints toExample
this time tomorrow / next weekan exact future moment → Future ContinuousThis time next week I will be moving house.
by + a future time (by 2030, by June)not later than → Future PerfectBy June they will have opened the bridge.
by the time + present tensebefore another future event → Future PerfectBy the time you get home, I will have left.
by thenbefore a point already mentionedThe show starts at nine; by then we will have eaten.
The big trap — never put "will" after "by the time"
  • The clause after by the time stays in the present, even though it refers to the future: "By the time she arrives, we will have finished." ✓ — "By the time she will arrive..."
  • for = a length of time (for five years); by = a deadline (by 2030). Do not mix them: "By 2030" (a point) — "for ten years" (a length).

6. Common mistakes (✗ / ✓)

These are the errors B2 students still make with future forms. Check your own writing against every row.

Wrong ✗Right ✓Why?
By the time she will call, we will have left.By the time she calls, we will have left.no "will" after "by the time" → present tense.
This time tomorrow I will flown to Rome.This time tomorrow I will be flying to Rome.an action in progress → will be + V-ing.
By 2040 they will finished the metro.By 2040 they will have finished the metro.Future Perfect needs "have" + V3.
By June I will have been finish it.By June I will have finished it."will have been" needs V-ing, not a bare verb.
At midnight we will have danced.At midnight we will be dancing."at midnight" = in progress → Future Continuous.

7. Putting it together (Model Dialogue)

Two friends talk about a busy week ahead. Read it twice and watch how the future forms cooperate: the Future Continuous shows what is in progress, the Future Perfect shows what is already done, and by the time keeps its clause in the present.

A:Are you free on Friday evening?A simple present question about a fixed time.
B:Afraid not — this time on Friday I will be flying to Berlin.In progress at a future moment → Future Continuous.
A:Wow. And the big report?Short follow-up.
B:Relax — by the time I leave, I will have sent it to everyone."by the time" + present; the report is complete first → Future Perfect.
A:Impressive. How long is the project now?Asking about duration.
B:By next month, I will have been working on it for a whole year.Duration up to a future point → Future Perfect Continuous.
Test yourself
  • Why is "will be flying" used, not "will fly"? (It is in progress at a specific future moment.)
  • Why does B say "by the time I leave", not "by the time I will leave"? (No "will" after "by the time"; the clause stays in the present.)
  • Change "I will have sent it" into a negative with by then. (By then I won't have sent it.)

Exercises (Alıştırmalar)

Choose the correct answer. — 10 questions, each one is marked instantly. Questions get harder as you go.

Ünite 2 · Future Continuous & Perfect · Bölüm 2/6

Speaking: Plans, Ambitions & the Future

Learn the words, then use them to talk about where you will be and what you will have done.

ambition (n)
a strong desire to achieve something (hırs, tutku)
Syn: aspiration · Ant: apathy
"My ambition is to have built my own company by forty."
aspire (v)
to aim for something important (hedeflemek, özlemini duymak)
Syn: aim · Ant: settle
"She aspires to become a lead engineer one day."
envisage (v)
to imagine or picture a future situation (gözünde canlandırmak)
Syn: envision · Ant: doubt
"I envisage a home surrounded by tall trees."
accomplish (v)
to succeed in doing something (başarmak, tamamlamak)
Syn: achieve · Ant: fail
"By next year I will have accomplished my main goal."
deadline (n)
the latest time by which something must be finished (son teslim tarihi)
Syn: cut-off · Ant:
"By Friday we will have met every deadline."
draft (n)
a first, rough version of a plan or text (taslak)
Syn: outline · Ant: final version
"This time tomorrow I will be writing the second draft."
anticipate (v)
to expect something and prepare for it (öngörmek, beklemek)
Syn: foresee · Ant: overlook
"Good planners anticipate problems before they appear."
prospect (n)
the possibility that something will happen (olasılık, gelecek beklentisi)
Syn: outlook · Ant:
"The prospect of finishing early keeps us motivated."
undertake (v)
to start and take responsibility for a task (üstlenmek, girişmek)
Syn: take on · Ant: abandon
"Next month the team will undertake the hardest phase."
schedule (n)
a plan of when things will happen (program, çizelge)
Syn: timetable · Ant:
"By Friday we will have finished ahead of schedule."
estimate (v)
to judge an amount or time roughly (tahmin etmek)
Syn: gauge · Ant:
"Engineers estimate the bridge will open in spring."
blueprint (n)
a detailed plan for something (ayrıntılı plan, taslak)
Syn: plan · Ant:
"She has already drawn a blueprint for her dream house."
long-term (adj)
lasting or planned for a long period (uzun vadeli)
Syn: lasting · Ant: short-term
"My long-term goal is to be running my own studio."
commit (v)
to give your time and effort fully (kendini adamak)
Syn: dedicate · Ant: waver
"By December I will have committed a full year to this."
2035 Where will you be in ten years? By then I will have opened my studio, running it full-time.
Talking about the future: mix "will be doing" and "will have done" to sound precise and confident.

Production Task (Üretim Görevi)

Write 8 sentences about a plan or a dream project — your studies, a career, a home or a trip. Use at least 8 of the words above.

Grammar requirement — apply this unit's topic
  • Use the Future Continuous for actions in progress at a future moment (This time next year I will be living...).
  • Use the Future Perfect for things complete before a future point (By 2030 I will have finished...).
  • Anchor your timeline with by / by the time / by then / this time next week — and never put will after by the time.
  • Write at least 2 contrast pairs: one thing in progress (Future Continuous) and one thing already done by then (Future Perfect). (Örn: "This time next year I will be studying abroad. By then I will have passed my exams.")

Sentence starters (you can begin with these):

"This time next year, I will be ..." "By the time I am thirty, I will have ..." "I have always aspired to ..." "By then, I will have ..." "One day I will be running ..."

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your task.)

Ünite 2 · Future Continuous & Perfect · Bölüm 3/6

Reading: By the Time the Bridge Opens

Read the text, then answer the questions.

Before You Read (Okumadan Önce)

Good readers prepare before they start. Before you read, think about these three questions (you do not need to write the answers):

  • Think of a big goal you have. Where will you be, and what will you have done, in five years?
  • The text is about a huge engineering project. Which future forms do you expect to see a lot?
  • The title is "By the Time the Bridge Opens". Do you think the engineer sounds worried or confident? Guess!
How to read
  • First read: read quickly, without stopping. Get the general idea; you do not need every word.
  • Second read: read the questions, then search the text. Notice each future form — a Future Continuous ("will be doing"), a Future Perfect ("will have done") — and ask why the writer chose it.

Words to spot (from the Speaking section): ambition · envisage · accomplish · deadline · anticipate · prospect · schedule · long-term

opening next spring
A suspension bridge nears completion: the engineer already talks about what will have been done.
By the Time the Bridge Opens

Deniz has spent four years on the largest project of her career: a suspension bridge across the bay. Although the work has been exhausting, she rarely talks about the past — she prefers to talk about the future.

The bay had separated two towns for generations, and building a link across it had long been a national ambition. When the government finally invited engineers to bid for the contract, Deniz did not hesitate for a second. Ever since she was a student, she had aspired to lead a project on exactly this scale, and she knew that such a chance would probably never come again. She was also aware that she would be undertaking the hardest challenge of her whole career. 'The moment I first saw the plans, I could envisage the whole bridge in my mind,' she remembers. 'I could already picture the traffic crossing above and the ships passing safely below.' Turning that picture into steel and concrete, however, would demand years of patience. The first blueprint alone took eight months to complete, and by the time it was finally approved, her team had already redrawn almost every line at least once.

'By the time the bridge opens next spring, my team will have worked on it for almost five years,' she explains. 'We will have poured thousands of tonnes of concrete; moreover, we will have tested every single cable twice.' She says this calmly, since for an engineer the future is something you plan, not something you simply wait for.

A bridge of this size is never simply a road resting on legs. Every calculation has to anticipate the forces of wind, waves and even earthquakes, because a structure like this must stand for at least a hundred years. 'We estimate that around forty thousand vehicles a day will be using the bridge once it is fully open,' Deniz explains, 'so we cannot afford a single weak point anywhere in the design.' Her engineers produced draft after draft, testing each number on the computer before trusting it in the real world. This time last year, they were still arguing about the exact height of the towers and the tension in the cables. Now those towers rise proudly above the water, and that long debate already feels like a distant memory. Every difficult decision, she insists, will have been worth it on opening day.

The people who build the bridge matter to Deniz just as much as the steel and the cables. Nearly six hundred workers arrive on the site each day, and she often reminds the managers that no deadline is ever worth an accident. 'By the end of this project,' she says firmly, 'we will have worked well over a million hours together, and I want every single one of those hours to have been safe.' Over four years the crew has grown into a kind of family. Many of them will be moving on to fresh projects once the bridge is done; even so, almost all of them have promised to come back for the opening. Deniz quietly suspects that a few of these tough, experienced builders will be wiping their eyes when the very first car finally drives across.

Right now the towers are finished. This time next month, the workers will be installing the final section, and by the end of summer they will have joined the two sides. The schedule is tight; therefore, the crew now works in two shifts.

On the site, a young engineer named Efe follows Deniz everywhere, eager to learn from her. 'Will we really have finished before the winter storms?' he asked her one grey, windy morning. 'By the time the first storm arrives,' Deniz answered without looking up from her notes, 'the deck will already be in place, so the wind will have far less to push against. Trust the schedule and trust the numbers.' Efe is still learning to think the way she does — to stand at a point in the future and look back at a job that is already done. 'In twenty years,' she tells him with a quiet smile, 'you will be leading a bridge of your own, and by then you will have completely forgotten how nervous you feel today.'

Not everyone shares her calm confidence. Local reporters keep asking whether the deadline is truly realistic, and a few neighbours complain that the noise of the machines will never end. Deniz understands their doubts, yet she remains fully committed to the promise she has made. 'I have given five years of my life to this bay,' she says, 'and I will have earned the right to feel proud when the ribbon is finally cut.' For her, the prospect of opening day is not the end of a long ordeal but the natural reward for years of careful, patient work. Her long-term vision, though, reaches much further than a single ceremony. She hopes the bridge will accomplish something far greater than moving cars: in time, it will draw the two separated towns into one connected community, and she is ready to undertake whatever that goal demands.

There will still be hard days. However, Deniz stays optimistic. 'Some mornings something has gone wrong overnight; nevertheless, we always find a solution,' she says. 'By the time I retire, this bridge will have carried millions of cars, yet I will still feel proud every time I cross it.'

When she talks about retirement, Deniz does not sound tired at all; if anything, she sounds curious. She keeps a small notebook in which she jots down ideas for structures she has not yet built — a tunnel, a taller tower, a footbridge shaped like a wave. 'By the time I finally hang up my helmet,' she laughs, 'this notebook will have filled up several times over.' For her, one finished project is simply the doorway to the next question. That is why the opening of the bridge, however grand the ceremony turns out to be, will feel less like a conclusion and more like a comma in a much longer sentence.

She is already looking beyond the opening. 'Next year, while most people are simply enjoying the new road, I will be running a study on how the bridge moves in strong wind. A good engineer is never truly finished. By then I will have started the next project, whereas the bridge will only just be beginning its long life.'

A · Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer.

B · True / False (Doğru / Yanlış)

Are these sentences true or false, according to the text?

C · Gap Fill

Complete each sentence with ONE word from the text. Mind the future form and the auxiliary (will / have / be).

1By the time the bridge opens, the team will worked on it for almost five years. Doğru cevap: have
2This time next month, the workers will installing the final section. Doğru cevap: be
3By the end of summer, they have joined the two sides. Doğru cevap: will
4Next year, while people enjoy the road, Deniz will running a study on the bridge. Doğru cevap: be
5By then, Deniz will have the next project. Doğru cevap: started

D · Open-Ended

Write your answer in your own words. These questions are not marked automatically.

1. What will Deniz's team have done by the time the bridge opens?

Sample Answer"By the time the bridge opens, they will have worked on it for almost five years, poured thousands of tonnes of concrete, and tested every cable twice."

2. Why does the crew now work in two shifts?

Sample Answer"They work in two shifts because the schedule is tight and they must join the two sides by the end of summer, in time for the spring opening."

3. What do you think Deniz means when she says 'a good engineer is never truly finished'?

Sample Answer"I think she means that there is always a new problem to solve. Once one project is complete, she will have moved on to the next one, so her work never really ends."

E · Connector Hunt (Bağlaç Avı)

Find these connectors in the text — each one appears at least once: however, therefore, nevertheless, although, whereas, moreover, since, yet. (You will use these same connectors in the Writing section.) Note them down, then check.

Answers however: "However, Deniz stays optimistic."
therefore: "The schedule is tight; therefore, the crew now works in two shifts."
nevertheless: "Some mornings something has gone wrong overnight; nevertheless, we always find a solution."
although: "Although the work has been exhausting, she rarely talks about the past."
whereas: "By then I will have started the next project, whereas the bridge will only just be beginning its long life."
moreover: "...we will have poured thousands of tonnes of concrete; moreover, we will have tested every single cable twice."
since: "She says this calmly, since for an engineer the future is something you plan."
yet: "...this bridge will have carried millions of cars, yet I will still feel proud every time I cross it."
Ünite 2 · Future Continuous & Perfect · Bölüm 4/6

Listening: The Dream House

Spencer asks Curtis about his dream house and everything he would put in it.

You will hear a conversation: Spencer asks Curtis to describe his dream house — the rooms, the kitchen, the garden and the garage. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)

Tip
  • Read the questions BEFORE the first listening — know what to listen for.
  • You do not need every word; catch the answer to each question.

1. Dinleme — Questions 1-5 (Choose the correct answer)

Ünite 2 · Future Continuous & Perfect · Bölüm 5/6

Writing: Ten Years From Now

Write and submit your paragraph; your teacher will review it.

Connectors that sound B2 (Linking Words)

At B1 you linked ideas with and, but, so, because. At B2 you sound noticeably more advanced when you use formal, precise connectors. Four of them are essential this unit — and two familiar ones, although and however, become sharper tools.

ConnectorUse it to...Example
moreoveradd a stronger, extra pointI will finish my degree. Moreover, I will have saved enough to travel.
thereforeshow a logical resultThe deadline is close; therefore, I will be working every weekend.
whereascontrast two ideas directlyMy friends will take safe jobs, whereas I will be building my own studio.
neverthelesssay "in spite of that"The road will be hard. Nevertheless, I will keep going.
althoughconcede a point inside one sentenceAlthough it will take years, I will have finished by then.
howevercontrast between two sentencesPlans change. However, my main ambition will stay the same.

See the difference — the same facts, written two ways:

Basic linking ✗Confident B2 writing ✓
I will study hard. It will be difficult. I will not give up. I will finish one day. I will be happy. I will study hard, although it will be difficult. Nevertheless, I will not give up; therefore, by the time I am thirty, I will have finished my studies. Moreover, I will be working in a job I love.
Rule
  • Use at least 3 different B2 connectors from the table. Do not write sentence by sentence; connect your ideas.
  • Moreover, Therefore, However, Nevertheless usually start a sentence and take a comma: "However, I will try again."

Paragraph structure (Paragraph Structure)

A "future plan" paragraph has three parts. The skeleton stays the same — you change the content, not the structure:

PartWhat to writeExample
1. OpeningA topic sentence about your futureTen years from now, my life will look very different.
2. BodyDescribe the plan. Use the Future Continuous for what will be in progress, the Future Perfect for what will be complete, and anchor it with "by / by then / this time next year". Link with B2 connectors.By the time I am thirty, I will have finished my studies. Nevertheless, I will still be learning.
3. ClosingA final comment about a goal you will not have reached yetI will not have achieved everything, therefore I will keep working.

Task (Görev)

Write about where you will be and what you will have done ten years from now — in your studies, work, or personal life. Mix the future forms of this unit.

WHAT TO INCLUDE

  • an opening sentence about your future
  • at least one action in progress at a future moment (Future Continuous: "I will be working...")
  • at least one thing completed before a future point (Future Perfect: "by 2035 I will have...")
  • a time anchor: by / by the time / by then / this time next year (no "will" after "by the time")
  • a closing sentence about a goal you will not have reached yet
  • at least 3 B2 connectors: moreover, therefore, whereas, nevertheless, although, however
  • at least 4 words from the Speaking section (ambition, aspire, accomplish, anticipate, blueprint, long-term, commit, schedule)

EXAMPLE OPENERS

"Ten years from now, I will have ..." "By the time I am thirty, I will be ..." "I have always had one clear ambition ..."

Your Paragraph (160-200 words / kelime)

0 kelime

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)

Sample Answer (~185 words) Ten years from now, I will have changed my life completely, although the road will not have been easy. By the time I reach thirty-five, I will have finished my studies and, moreover, I will have started my own small design studio.

This time in ten years, I will probably be working on projects I can only dream about today. I have a clear ambition, and I have already drafted a blueprint for it. Nevertheless, I know I will face setbacks. Some months will be slow; therefore, I will need patience and steady effort.

By then, I will have learned to anticipate problems instead of fearing them. My friends may choose safe office jobs, whereas I will be building something of my own. I will not have reached every goal, yet I will have accomplished the most important one: independence.

However difficult it becomes, I will keep going. By the time I am forty, I hope I will have created a company that I am truly proud of, and I will still be dreaming of the next step.
Ünite 2 · Future Continuous & Perfect · Bölüm 6/6

Unit Check (Ünite Kontrolü)

Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do.

Mixed Quiz (Karışık Test)

14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading + listening. Each question is marked instantly.

Can-Do Check (Yapabiliyorum Listesi)

Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher.

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