Koşul cümleleri (conditionals), bir şartı ve o şart gerçekleşirse ortaya çıkacak sonucu tek bir cümlede birleştirir. Türkçede bunu "-se/-sa" ekiyle yaparız: "Yağmur yağarsa evde kalırız." İngilizce aynı işi if (eğer) bağlacıyla görür. Bu sayfada koşulun en gerçekçi iki basamağını öğreneceksiniz: her zaman doğru olan gerçekler (Zero Conditional) ve gelecekte gerçekleşme ihtimali yüksek durumlar (First Conditional).
Zero (Type 0)
Her zaman doğru gerçek / kural: If you heat ice, it melts. — present + presentFirst (Type 1)
Olası gelecek durum: If it rains, we will stay home. — present + willNeden var? Çünkü hayat sürekli "eğer... o zaman..." mantığıyla işler. Bir kuralı anlatırken ("Suyu 100 derecede kaynatırsan buhar olur"), bir planı kurarken ("Trafiğe takılırsam seni ararım"), bir uyarı verirken ("Acele etmezsek geç kalırız") hep bu yapıyı kullanırız. Koşul cümleleri olmadan gelecekle ilgili plan yapmak, kural açıklamak ve pazarlık etmek neredeyse imkânsızdır.
Türkçedeki benzeri. "-se/-sa" eki İngilizce if'e çok yakındır ve bu iyi bir haber. Ama bir tuzak var: Türkçede sonucu genellikle gelecek zamanla söyleriz ("gelirsen görürsün"), İngilizcede ise koşul cümleciğinde asla will kullanılmaz — will yalnızca sonuç kısmına gelir. Türk öğrencilerin en büyük tuzağı budur ve bu sayfada defalarca üzerine gideceğiz.
if cümleciğinde will kullanılmaz. Doğru: If it rains, I will stay. Yanlış: If it will rain, I will stay.
Neden zor gelir? Üç sebepten: (1) Türkçe mantığı "if + will" kurmaya iter; (2) if ile when, unless ile if not arasındaki ince farklar karışır; (3) koşul cümleciği başta da sonda da olabilir ve virgül kuralı değişir. Bu üçünü net çözünce koşul cümleleri son derece mantıklı ve kolay hale gelir. Temel taşlar için Geniş Zaman ve Gelecek (will / going to) konularını da yanınızda bulundurun.
Conditional sentences (conditionals) combine a condition and the result that appears if that condition is met in a single sentence. In Turkish we do this with the "-se/-sa" suffix: "Yağmur yağarsa evde kalırız." English does the same job with the conjunction if. On this page you will learn the two most realistic steps of the conditional: truths that are always true (Zero Conditional) and situations that are likely to happen in the future (First Conditional).
Zero (Type 0)
An always-true fact / rule: If you heat ice, it melts. — present + presentFirst (Type 1)
A likely future situation: If it rains, we will stay home. — present + willWhy does it exist? Because life constantly works on the logic of "if... then...". Whether we are explaining a rule ("If you boil water at 100 degrees, it turns to steam"), making a plan ("If I get stuck in traffic, I'll call you"), or giving a warning ("If we don't hurry, we'll be late"), we always use this structure. Without conditional sentences, it is almost impossible to make plans about the future, explain rules, or negotiate.
The Turkish equivalent. The "-se/-sa" suffix is very close to the English if, and that is good news. But there is a trap: in Turkish we usually state the result with the future tense ("gelirsen görürsün"), whereas in English you never use will in the conditional clause — will comes only in the result part. This is Turkish learners' biggest trap, and we will return to it many times on this page.
will is not used in the if clause. Correct: If it rains, I will stay. Wrong: If it will rain, I will stay.
Why does it feel hard? For three reasons: (1) Turkish logic pushes you to build "if + will"; (2) the fine differences between if and when, and between unless and if not, get confused; (3) the conditional clause can come first or last and the comma rule changes. Once you resolve these three clearly, conditional sentences become extremely logical and easy. For the building blocks, keep the Present Simple and Future (will / going to) topics close at hand as well.
- Koşul cümlesi iki parçadan oluşur: if-clause (koşul) + main clause (sonuç).
- Zero Conditional (Type 0): If + present, present — her zaman doğru gerçekler. If you heat water, it boils.
- First Conditional (Type 1): If + present, will + fiil — gelecekte olası koşul. If it rains, we will stay in.
- ALTIN KURAL: if cümleciğinde will kullanılmaz — sonuç kısmında kullanılır.
- Koşul cümleciği başta ise arkasından virgül gelir; sonda ise virgül gelmez. If I see her, I'll tell her. / I'll tell her if I see her.
- Type 0'da if çoğu zaman when ile değiştirilebilir; Type 1'de değiştirilemez (anlam kayar).
- unless = if...not (eğer...mazsa). Unless you hurry, you'll be late.
- Sonuç kısmı will yerine emir (imperative) ya da modal (may/might/can/should) olabilir.
- Type 0/1 gerçek ve olası koşuldur; hayali/imkânsız koşullar Type 2'ye geçer — bkz. Koşul: Type 2.
- A conditional sentence has two parts: if-clause (condition) + main clause (result).
- Zero Conditional (Type 0): If + present, present — truths that are always true. If you heat water, it boils.
- First Conditional (Type 1): If + present, will + verb — a likely future condition. If it rains, we will stay in.
- GOLDEN RULE: will is not used in the if clause — it is used in the result part.
- If the conditional clause comes first, a comma follows it; if it comes last, there is no comma. If I see her, I'll tell her. / I'll tell her if I see her.
- In Type 0, if can often be replaced with when; in Type 1 it cannot (the meaning shifts).
- unless = if...not (if... not). Unless you hurry, you'll be late.
- Instead of will, the result part can be an imperative or a modal (may/might/can/should).
- Type 0/1 are real and likely conditions; imaginary/impossible conditions move to Type 2 — see Conditionals: Type 2.
Zero Conditional (Type 0) — Olumlu
Formül: If / When + özne + present simple, özne + present simple. İki taraf da geniş zaman çünkü sonuç "her zaman" doğrudur; belirli bir gelecek anına değil, genel bir kurala işaret eder.
Zero Conditional — Olumsuz ve Soru
First Conditional (Type 1) — Olumlu
Formül: If + özne + present simple, özne + will + fiilin yalın hâli. Koşul cümleciği present'tir ama anlamı geleceğe bakar; sonuç will ile geleceği gösterir. will yerine be going to, can, may/might veya emir de gelebilir.
First Conditional — Olumsuz ve Soru
| Sonuç türü | Örnek | Anlam / kesinlik |
|---|---|---|
| will | If you ask, he will help. | Yüksek kesinlik / tahmin |
| be going to | If it's sunny, we are going to swim. | Önceden yapılmış plan |
| can | If you finish, you can leave. | İzin / imkân |
| may / might | If you rush, you might make mistakes. | Düşük ihtimal |
| should | If you feel ill, you should rest. | Öneri / tavsiye |
| imperative | If you see her, say hello. | Emir / rica |
Zero Conditional (Type 0) — Affirmative
Formula: If / When + subject + present simple, subject + present simple. Both sides are in the present because the result is "always" true; it points not to a specific future moment but to a general rule.
Zero Conditional — Negative and Question
First Conditional (Type 1) — Affirmative
Formula: If + subject + present simple, subject + will + base form of the verb. The conditional clause is in the present but its meaning looks to the future; the result shows the future with will. Instead of will, be going to, can, may/might or an imperative can also appear.
First Conditional — Negative and Question
| Result type | Example | Meaning / certainty |
|---|---|---|
| will | If you ask, he will help. | High certainty / prediction |
| be going to | If it's sunny, we are going to swim. | A prearranged plan |
| can | If you finish, you can leave. | Permission / possibility |
| may / might | If you rush, you might make mistakes. | Low probability |
| should | If you feel ill, you should rest. | Suggestion / advice |
| imperative | If you see her, say hello. | Imperative / request |
1) Genel gerçekler ve bilimsel kurallar (Type 0)
En temel kullanım: değişmez, her zaman doğru olan olguları anlatmak. Burada koşul "her ne zaman" (whenever) anlamındadır, bu yüzden if ≈ when.
2) Talimatlar, kurallar ve işleyiş (Type 0)
Bir cihazın, sürecin ya da kuralın nasıl işlediğini anlatırken kullanılır. Kullanım kılavuzları, tarifler ve prosedürlerde çok yaygındır.
3) Gelecek planları ve olası durumlar (Type 1)
En sık günlük kullanım: gerçekleşme ihtimali yüksek gelecek koşulları. Planlar, hava durumu, kararlar burada yaşar.
4) Uyarılar, tehditler ve sonuç bildirimi (Type 1)
5) Pazarlık, teklif ve söz verme (Type 1)
1) General truths and scientific rules (Type 0)
The most basic use: to describe unchanging facts that are always true. Here the condition means "whenever", so if ≈ when.
2) Instructions, rules and how things work (Type 0)
Used to describe how a device, process or rule works. Very common in user manuals, recipes and procedures.
3) Future plans and likely situations (Type 1)
The most frequent everyday use: future conditions that are likely to happen. Plans, weather and decisions live here.
4) Warnings, threats and stating consequences (Type 1)
5) Bargaining, offers and promising (Type 1)
Koşul cümlelerini tetikleyen bağlaçlar vardır. Bunlar sadece if değildir; anlamı ince biçimde değiştiren bir bağlaç ailesi kullanırız.
| Bağlaç | Anlamı | Örnek | Not |
|---|---|---|---|
| if | eğer | If you call, I'll answer. | En genel koşul bağlacı. |
| when | -dığında / her ne zaman | When it rains, the roof leaks. | Type 0'da if yerine geçer; kesinlik/tekrar vurgular. |
| unless | -mazsa (if...not) | Unless you ask, they won't tell. | Kendisi olumsuzdur; içinde ayrıca 'not' kullanma. |
| as long as / so long as | -dığı sürece / şartıyla | You can stay as long as you're quiet. | Şart koşma / sınır belirtme. |
| provided (that) / providing | -dığı takdirde (resmî) | I'll sign, provided that the terms are fair. | Resmî; sözleşme dilinde sık. |
| in case | ihtimaline karşı (önlem) | Take an umbrella in case it rains. | Koşul değil önlem; sonucu 'will' değildir. |
| even if | -se bile | I'll go even if it snows. | Koşul gerçekleşse de sonuç değişmez. |
There are conjunctions that trigger conditional sentences. They are not only if; we use a family of conjunctions that subtly change the meaning.
| Conjunction | Meaning | Example | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| if | if | If you call, I'll answer. | The most general conditional conjunction. |
| when | when / whenever | When it rains, the roof leaks. | Replaces if in Type 0; stresses certainty/repetition. |
| unless | if...not | Unless you ask, they won't tell. | It is negative in itself; don't also use 'not' inside it. |
| as long as / so long as | as long as / on the condition that | You can stay as long as you're quiet. | Setting a condition / stating a limit. |
| provided (that) / providing | provided that (formal) | I'll sign, provided that the terms are fair. | Formal; common in contract language. |
| in case | in case (precaution) | Take an umbrella in case it rains. | A precaution, not a condition; its result is not 'will'. |
| even if | even if | I'll go even if it snows. | Even if the condition happens, the result doesn't change. |
Kesinlik derecesi sonuçtaki fiile bağlıdır. Type 1'de will yüksek kesinlik verir; may/might ise ihtimali düşürür. "If you run, you will catch it" (eminim yakalarsın) ile "If you run, you might catch it" (belki yakalarsın) arasında büyük anlam farkı vardır. Konuşmacı ne kadar emin olduğunu buradan ayarlar.
if ile when arasındaki bakış açısı. if koşulun gerçekleşip gerçekleşmeyeceğinin belirsiz olduğunu, when ise kesinlikle gerçekleşeceğini (sadece zamanı belirsiz) ima eder. "If I see her" = onu görmem belirsiz; "When I see her" = onu göreceğim kesin, sadece ne zaman belli değil.
Nezaket ve rica. Bir istisna olarak, kibar rica ve ısrarda if cümleciğinde will/would kullanılabilir. Burada 'will' gelecek değil, isteklilik/rıza anlamı taşır: "If you will wait a moment, I'll check." (Bir dakika bekleme nezaketini gösterirseniz...) Bu ileri düzey bir kullanımdır; istisnalar bölümünde açıyoruz.
The degree of certainty depends on the verb in the result. In Type 1, will gives high certainty; may/might lowers the probability. There is a big difference in meaning between "If you run, you will catch it" (I'm sure you'll catch it) and "If you run, you might catch it" (maybe you'll catch it). This is where the speaker adjusts how sure they are.
The perspective difference between if and when. if implies that it is uncertain whether the condition will happen, while when implies it will definitely happen (only the time is uncertain). "If I see her" = it's uncertain that I'll see her; "When I see her" = it's certain I'll see her, only the time isn't clear.
Politeness and requests. As an exception, in polite requests and insistence will/would can be used in the if clause. Here 'will' does not mean the future; it carries the meaning of willingness/consent: "If you will wait a moment, I'll check." (If you would be so kind as to wait a moment...) This is an advanced use; we explain it in the exceptions section.
Türkçe koşulu -se/-sa ekiyle kurar ve genellikle sonucu gelecek/geniş zamanla söyler: "Yağmur yağarsa evde kalırız." Bu yapı İngilizce Type 1'e çok benzer AMA kritik bir fark vardır: Türkçe koşul fiili ("yağarsa") gelecek anlamı taşırken bile, İngilizcede koşul kısmı present simple kalır ve will almaz.
- Türkçe "gelirsen" → İngilizce "if you come" (❌ if you will come değil).
- Türkçe sonucu "-ır/-ecek" ile söyleriz; İngilizce sonuç will ister (Type 1) ya da present kalır (Type 0).
- Türkçede virgül zorunlu değildir; İngilizcede koşul BAŞTAysa virgül gelir.
- Türkçe "-mazsa" tek kelimeyle olumsuzdur; İngilizcede bunun karşılığı unless veya if...not.
Turkish builds the condition with the -se/-sa suffix and usually states the result with the future/present tense: "Yağmur yağarsa evde kalırız." This structure is very similar to English Type 1, BUT there is a critical difference: even though the Turkish conditional verb ("yağarsa") carries a future meaning, in English the conditional part stays present simple and takes no will.
- Turkish "gelirsen" → English "if you come" (❌ not if you will come).
- In Turkish we state the result with "-ır/-ecek"; the English result wants will (Type 1) or stays present (Type 0).
- In Turkish a comma is not required; in English, if the condition comes FIRST, a comma appears.
- The Turkish "-mazsa" is negative in a single word; its English equivalent is unless or if...not.
| Yapı | Gerçeklik | Formül | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero (Type 0) | Her zaman doğru gerçek | if + present, present | If you drop it, it breaks. |
| First (Type 1) | Gerçek, olası gelecek | if + present, will + fiil | If it breaks, I'll fix it. |
| Second (Type 2) | Hayali / olası değil | if + past, would + fiil | If I had time, I would help. → Koşul: Type 2 |
| Yapı | Anlam | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| if | eğer (belirsiz) | If she comes, we'll start. |
| when | -dığında (kesin/tekrar) | When she comes, we always start. |
| unless | -mazsa | Unless she comes, we won't start. |
| in case | ihtimaline karşı (önlem) | We'll wait in case she comes. |
| Structure | Reality | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero (Type 0) | An always-true fact | if + present, present | If you drop it, it breaks. |
| First (Type 1) | Real, likely future | if + present, will + verb | If it breaks, I'll fix it. |
| Second (Type 2) | Imaginary / not likely | if + past, would + verb | If I had time, I would help. → Conditionals: Type 2 |
| Structure | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| if | if (uncertain) | If she comes, we'll start. |
| when | when (certain/repeating) | When she comes, we always start. |
| unless | if...not | Unless she comes, we won't start. |
| in case | in case (precaution) | We'll wait in case she comes. |
"if-clause'ta will olmaz" kuralının birkaç meşru istisnası vardır. Bunlar ileri düzeydir; kuralın kendisini bozmaz, ona incelik ekler.
1) Kibar rica / isteklilik (will = rıza). Bu durumda 'will' gelecek değil, karşı tarafın bir şeyi yapmaya razı olması anlamındadır ve çoğunlukla resmî hizmet dilinde görülür.
2) Israr / sitem (vurgulu will). Vurguyla söylenen 'will', birinin ısrarla yaptığı davranışı ve onun sonucunu eleştirir.
3) Sonuç zaten olmuş / sebep açıklama. Koşulla ilgili bir bilgi gerçekten mevcutsa, if-clause'ta present perfect veya farklı zamanlar görülebilir.
The "no will in the if-clause" rule has a few legitimate exceptions. These are advanced; they don't break the rule itself, they add nuance to it.
1) Polite request / willingness (will = consent). In this case 'will' does not mean the future but that the other person is willing to do something, and it is mostly seen in formal service language.
2) Insistence / reproach (stressed will). A stressed 'will' criticizes a behaviour someone insists on doing and its result.
3) The result has already happened / explaining a reason. If some information about the condition really exists, the present perfect or other tenses can appear in the if-clause.
Akademik ve resmî yazıda koşul cümleleri, hipotez kurma, şart belirtme ve sonuç öngörme için vazgeçilmezdir. Burada gündelik if yerine daha resmî bağlaçlar tercih edilir: provided that, on condition that, should (devrik). Sözleşme, rapor ve bilimsel metinlerde bu register hâkimdir.
- 'If a government subsidizes... investment increases' = Type 0, genel eğilim.
- 'if the new tax comes into force... prices will rise' = Type 1, belirli tahmin.
- 'Provided that' = resmî 'if'; akademik register.
- 'should the assumptions fail' = devrik resmî koşul (= if the assumptions fail).
- Zaman bağlaçlarından sonra present: 'comes into force' (will yok).
- Type 0 = kural gibi; Type 1 = sınanabilir tahmin — yazarın güven derecesi seçilir.
In academic and formal writing, conditional sentences are indispensable for forming a hypothesis, stating a condition and predicting a result. Here, instead of the everyday if, more formal conjunctions are preferred: provided that, on condition that, should (inverted). This register dominates contracts, reports and scientific texts.
- 'If a government subsidizes... investment increases' = Type 0, a general tendency.
- 'if the new tax comes into force... prices will rise' = Type 1, a specific prediction.
- 'Provided that' = formal 'if'; academic register.
- 'should the assumptions fail' = an inverted formal condition (= if the assumptions fail).
- Present after time conjunctions: 'comes into force' (no will).
- Type 0 = like a rule; Type 1 = a testable prediction — the author's degree of confidence is chosen.
- 'If you leave the milk out, it goes off' = Type 0, her zaman doğru (goes off = bozulur).
- 'if bacteria grow, you get sick' = Type 0 zinciri; iki taraf da present.
- 'If it rains on Sunday, we will not go' = Type 1, belirli bir gün için tahmin.
- 'If you don't warm up, you pull a muscle' = Type 0 (her seferinde) — pull a muscle = kas çekmek.
- 'If we win on Saturday, we'll be top' = Type 1 (bu hafta sonu, tek ihtimal).
- 'Unless you remember that, you will keep making...' = unless = if...not; olumsuz koşul.
- Ana test cümlede: 'is this true always, or just this time?' — Type 0 mı Type 1 mi ayrımının anahtarı.
- 'If you leave the milk out, it goes off' = Type 0, always true (goes off = spoils).
- 'if bacteria grow, you get sick' = a Type 0 chain; both sides present.
- 'If it rains on Sunday, we will not go' = Type 1, a prediction for a specific day.
- 'If you don't warm up, you pull a muscle' = Type 0 (every time) — pull a muscle = to strain a muscle.
- 'If we win on Saturday, we'll be top' = Type 1 (this weekend, a single possibility).
- 'Unless you remember that, you will keep making...' = unless = if...not; a negative condition.
- The main test is in the sentence: 'is this true always, or just this time?' — the key to the Type 0 vs Type 1 distinction.
Temel (A2)
Orta (B1)
İleri (B2-C1)
Basic (A2)
Intermediate (B1)
Advanced (B2-C1)
Bu sorular kural ezberini değil, anlamı yoklar. Cümlenin ne demek istediğini düşünerek cevap verin.
- "If you heat butter, it melts." — Bu her zaman mı doğru, yoksa sadece bir kez mi olacak?Her zaman doğru (genel gerçek). Bu yüzden Type 0'dır ve iki taraf da present.
- "If it rains tomorrow, we'll cancel." — Yağmur yağacağı kesin mi?Hayır, belirsiz ama olası. Belirli bir gelecek olayına (yarın) bakıyor, bu yüzden Type 1.
- "When I get home, I'll call you." — Eve gelmesi kesin mi, belirsiz mi?Kesin (sadece zamanı belirsiz). Bu yüzden if değil when kullanılmış.
- "Unless you study, you'll fail." — Öğrenci çalışırsa ne olur?Kalmaz/geçer. Çünkü unless = if...not; 'çalışmazsan kalırsın' demek 'çalışırsan geçersin' anlamını içerir.
- "If you run, you might catch it" ile "...you will catch it" arasındaki fark ne?'might' ihtimali düşük gösterir (belki), 'will' konuşmacının emin olduğunu gösterir (kesin yakalarsın).
- "Take an umbrella in case it rains." — Şu an yağıyor mu, kesin yağacak mı?Hiçbiri; yağma İHTİMALİNE KARŞI önlem alınıyor. 'in case' koşul değil önlem bildirir.
These questions test not rote memorization of rules but meaning. Answer by thinking about what the sentence means.
- "If you heat butter, it melts." — Is this always true, or will it happen only once?Always true (a general fact). That is why it is Type 0 and both sides are present.
- "If it rains tomorrow, we'll cancel." — Is it certain that it will rain?No, uncertain but likely. It looks at a specific future event (tomorrow), so it is Type 1.
- "When I get home, I'll call you." — Is getting home certain or uncertain?Certain (only the time is uncertain). That is why when, not if, is used.
- "Unless you study, you'll fail." — What happens if the student studies?They don't fail/they pass. Because unless = if...not; saying 'if you don't study you'll fail' implies 'if you study you'll pass'.
- What is the difference between "If you run, you might catch it" and "...you will catch it"?'might' shows low probability (maybe), 'will' shows the speaker is sure (you'll definitely catch it).
- "Take an umbrella in case it rains." — Is it raining now, or is it certain to rain?Neither; a precaution is being taken AGAINST THE POSSIBILITY of rain. 'in case' states a precaution, not a condition.
- If you ______ (mix) red and white, you ______ (get) pink.mix / get — Type 0 genel gerçek, iki taraf present.
- If it ______ (be) sunny tomorrow, we ______ (go) to the park.is / will go — Type 1; if tarafı present, sonuç will.
- Water ______ (freeze) if the temperature ______ (drop) below zero.freezes / drops — Type 0; her zaman doğru.
- If you ______ (not/leave) now, you ______ (miss) the train.don't leave / will miss — Type 1 olumsuz koşul.
- I ______ (call) you when I ______ (arrive).will call / arrive — when'den sonra present, sonuç will.
- Unless she ______ (apologize), I ______ (not/forgive) her.apologizes / won't forgive — unless + present, sonuç olumsuz will.
- If it will snow, we will build a snowman.If it snows, we will build a snowman. (if tarafında will olmaz)
- Unless you don't hurry, you will be late.Unless you hurry, you will be late. (unless zaten olumsuz; ikinci not fazla)
- When you will finish, tell me.When you finish, tell me. (when'den sonra will yok)
- If you heat ice, it will melt every time.If you heat ice, it melts. (genel gerçek = Type 0, will değil present)
- If I will see him, I'll say hello.If I see him, I'll say hello. (koşulda present)
- Acele etmezsen otobüsü kaçırırsın.If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus. (veya: Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus.)
- Suyu ısıtırsan kaynar.If you heat water, it boils. (Type 0)
- Yarın müsaitsen buluşuruz.If you're free tomorrow, we'll meet up.
- Işık yeşile dönerse geçebilirsin.If the light turns green, you can go.
- Bitirince bana haber ver.When you finish, let me know.
- you / not water / the plants — they / dieIf you don't water the plants, they die. (Type 0)
- we / leave now — we / catch / the early flightIf we leave now, we'll catch the early flight. (Type 1)
- you / press / this button — the alarm / go offIf you press this button, the alarm goes off. (Type 0)
- it / be / too expensive — I / not buy / itIf it's too expensive, I won't buy it. (Type 1)
- If you ______ (mix) red and white, you ______ (get) pink.mix / get — Type 0 general truth, both sides present.
- If it ______ (be) sunny tomorrow, we ______ (go) to the park.is / will go — Type 1; the if side present, the result will.
- Water ______ (freeze) if the temperature ______ (drop) below zero.freezes / drops — Type 0; always true.
- If you ______ (not/leave) now, you ______ (miss) the train.don't leave / will miss — a Type 1 negative condition.
- I ______ (call) you when I ______ (arrive).will call / arrive — present after when, the result will.
- Unless she ______ (apologize), I ______ (not/forgive) her.apologizes / won't forgive — unless + present, the result a negative will.
- If it will snow, we will build a snowman.If it snows, we will build a snowman. (no will on the if side)
- Unless you don't hurry, you will be late.Unless you hurry, you will be late. (unless is already negative; the second not is redundant)
- When you will finish, tell me.When you finish, tell me. (no will after when)
- If you heat ice, it will melt every time.If you heat ice, it melts. (a general truth = Type 0, present not will)
- If I will see him, I'll say hello.If I see him, I'll say hello. (present in the condition)
- Acele etmezsen otobüsü kaçırırsın.If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus. (or: Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus.)
- Suyu ısıtırsan kaynar.If you heat water, it boils. (Type 0)
- Yarın müsaitsen buluşuruz.If you're free tomorrow, we'll meet up.
- Işık yeşile dönerse geçebilirsin.If the light turns green, you can go.
- Bitirince bana haber ver.When you finish, let me know.
- you / not water / the plants — they / dieIf you don't water the plants, they die. (Type 0)
- we / leave now — we / catch / the early flightIf we leave now, we'll catch the early flight. (Type 1)
- you / press / this button — the alarm / go offIf you press this button, the alarm goes off. (Type 0)
- it / be / too expensive — I / not buy / itIf it's too expensive, I won't buy it. (Type 1)
Görev: "My plans for the weekend" (Hafta sonu planlarım) başlıklı 6-8 cümlelik kısa bir paragraf yazın. Planlarınız hava, zaman ya da başka kişilere bağlı olduğu için en az üç First Conditional ve bir Zero Conditional kullanın. En az bir yerde unless veya as long as kullanmayı deneyin.
- Rehber soru 1: Hava güzel olursa ne yapacaksın? (If the weather is nice, I'll...)
- Rehber soru 2: Bir arkadaşın gelemezse planın nasıl değişir? (Unless / If ... doesn't ...)
- Rehber soru 3: Her zaman doğru olan bir alışkanlığın var mı? (If I sleep late, I always feel...)
- Rehber soru 4: Bir şartla izin verdiğin bir şey var mı? (You can join as long as ...)
- Örnek cevabı gösterThis weekend I have a few plans, but most of them depend on other things. If the weather is nice on Saturday, I'll go hiking with my brother. Whenever we go to the mountains, we always take too much food — that's just what happens in my family. Unless it rains, we won't change our route. On Sunday, I want to visit my grandparents, but I'll only go if I finish my homework first. My cousin can come with us as long as she wakes up early. If everything goes to plan, it will be a perfect weekend. And if it doesn't, I'll just stay home and read.
Task: Write a short paragraph of 6-8 sentences titled "My plans for the weekend". Because your plans depend on the weather, time or other people, use at least three First Conditionals and one Zero Conditional. Try to use unless or as long as in at least one place.
- Guiding question 1: What will you do if the weather is nice? (If the weather is nice, I'll...)
- Guiding question 2: How does your plan change if a friend can't come? (Unless / If ... doesn't ...)
- Guiding question 3: Do you have a habit that is always true? (If I sleep late, I always feel...)
- Guiding question 4: Is there something you allow on a condition? (You can join as long as ...)
- Show the sample answerThis weekend I have a few plans, but most of them depend on other things. If the weather is nice on Saturday, I'll go hiking with my brother. Whenever we go to the mountains, we always take too much food — that's just what happens in my family. Unless it rains, we won't change our route. On Sunday, I want to visit my grandparents, but I'll only go if I finish my homework first. My cousin can come with us as long as she wakes up early. If everything goes to plan, it will be a perfect weekend. And if it doesn't, I'll just stay home and read.
Kavram kontrol soruları (CCQ): "If it rains, we'll stay home" cümlesi için sorun — "Is it raining now?" (No), "Will it definitely rain?" (No, maybe), "Is staying home certain or possible?" (Possible, depends). Bu üç soru öğrencinin koşulun belirsizliğini ve geleceğe dönüklüğünü kavramasını sağlar.
Sık kök hata: Türkçe transferiyle "if + will". Bunu görsel bir kuralla mühürleyin: tahtaya büyük harflerle IF → PRESENT yazın ve her hatada oraya işaret edin. Sözlü tekrar (drilling) çok etkilidir: öğretmen "If it rains..." der, öğrenciler "...we'll stay home" tamamlar.
Etkinlik önerisi — 'Chain conditionals': Bir öğrenci "If I have money, I'll buy a car" der; sonraki öğrenci sonucu koşula çevirir: "If I buy a car, I'll travel a lot"; sıradaki devam eder. Zincir hem Type 1'i pekiştirir hem eğlencelidir. İkinci tur için unless ile oynatın.
Concept check questions (CCQ): For the sentence "If it rains, we'll stay home", ask — "Is it raining now?" (No), "Will it definitely rain?" (No, maybe), "Is staying home certain or possible?" (Possible, depends). These three questions help the student grasp the uncertainty of the condition and its orientation to the future.
Common root error: "if + will" through transfer from Turkish. Seal it with a visual rule: write IF → PRESENT in capital letters on the board and point to it at every mistake. Oral drilling is very effective: the teacher says "If it rains..." and the students complete "...we'll stay home".
Activity idea — 'Chain conditionals': One student says "If I have money, I'll buy a car"; the next student turns the result into a condition: "If I buy a car, I'll travel a lot"; the next continues. The chain both reinforces Type 1 and is fun. For a second round, play it with unless.
- Koşul cümlesi = if-clause (koşul, present) + main clause (sonuç).
- Type 0: if/when + present, present → her zaman doğru genel gerçek. If you heat ice, it melts.
- Type 1: if + present, will + fiil → gerçek, olası gelecek koşulu. If it rains, we'll stay in.
- ALTIN KURAL: koşul/zaman bağlacından (if, when, unless, as long as) sonra will yok — present kullan.
- unless = if...not; içine ikinci bir olumsuz koyma.
- Koşul başta → virgül var; sonda → virgül yok.
- Sonuç will yerine emir, be going to veya modal (can/may/might/should) olabilir.
- Type 0 mı Type 1 mi? Sor: her zaman mı (ALWAYS) yoksa bu sefer mi (THIS TIME)?
- Hayali / imkânsız koşullar için sonraki basamak: Koşul: Type 2.
- A conditional sentence = if-clause (condition, present) + main clause (result).
- Type 0: if/when + present, present → an always-true general fact. If you heat ice, it melts.
- Type 1: if + present, will + verb → a real, likely future condition. If it rains, we'll stay in.
- GOLDEN RULE: after a conditional/time conjunction (if, when, unless, as long as) there is no will — use the present.
- unless = if...not; don't put a second negative inside it.
- Condition first → comma; last → no comma.
- Instead of will, the result can be an imperative, be going to or a modal (can/may/might/should).
- Type 0 or Type 1? Ask: always (ALWAYS) or this time (THIS TIME)?
- For imaginary/impossible conditions, the next step: Conditionals: Type 2.