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Ünite 4 · Future Forms · Bölüm 1/6

Grammar: Future Forms

Study the rules, look at the examples, then do the exercises.

Three ways of talking about the future

English does not have one single "future tense". Instead, speakers choose between several forms, and the choice depends on why you are talking about the future. At B1 you must master the three most common ones: will, be going to, and the Present Continuous used with a future meaning.

Here is the whole unit in three lines — learn this map first, then we will study each form in detail:

  • The phone is ringing. — Don't worry, I'll answer it.A decision made now → will.
  • I'm going to paint my room this weekend.A plan / intention decided earlier → be going to.
  • I'm meeting Sam at five o'clock; we booked a table.A fixed, arranged plan → Present Continuous.

1. will — form and use

We make this form with will plus the base verb (no -s, no to). It is the same for every subject, which makes it the easiest form to build. The short forms are 'll (will) and won't (will not).

SubjectPositiveNegativeQuestion
I / you / we / theywill ('ll) helpwon't helpWill you help?
he / she / itwill ('ll) helpwon't helpWill she help?
Use will for
  • Instant decisions (decided at the moment of speaking): "It's cold — I'll close the window."
  • Predictions and opinions, often after I think, I'm sure, probably: "I think it'll be a great year."
  • Offers and promises: "I'll carry that for you." · "Iwon't tell anyone, I promise."

2. be going to — form and use

We make this form with am / is / are + going to + the base verb. Unlike will, this form changes with the subject, exactly like the verb be.

SubjectPositiveNegativeQuestion
Iam ('m) going to study'm not going to studyAm I going to study?
he / she / itis ('s) going to studyisn't going to studyIs he going to study?
you / we / theyare ('re) going to studyaren't going to studyAre they going to study?
Use be going to for
  • Plans and intentions you decided before now: "We're going to move house next year."
  • Predictions based on evidence you can see now: "Look at those clouds — it's going to rain."

3. The Present Continuous for the future

You already know the Present Continuous (am / is / are + -ing) for actions happening now. But English also uses it for the future — when a plan is fixed and arranged, with a time, a place or other people already decided. It almost always comes with a future time expression so the listener knows you mean the future.

MeaningExampleWhy
NowShe is flying right now.action in progress at this moment
Future (arranged)She is flying to Rome on Monday.a fixed arrangement (ticket booked, time set)
Key point
  • Use the Present Continuous only for arrangements, never for predictions: "I'm seeing the dentist at 4." ✓ — "It is raining tomorrow." ✗ (a prediction → it will rain / it's going to rain).

4. The key contrast (which form, and why?)

This is the heart of the unit. Read every row twice and notice why each form is chosen.

IdeaFormExample
Quick decision (now)will"I'll call you back in a minute."
Prediction / opinionwill"I think you'll love this film."
Prediction from evidence nowbe going to"Careful — that glass is going to fall!"
Plan / intention (decided before)be going to"We're going to start our own business."
Fixed arrangement (time set)Present Continuous"I'm meeting the manager at 10."
Offer / promisewill"I'll help you, I promise."
Golden rule
  • Decision now, a promise or an opinion → will.
  • A plan you already decided, or evidence you can seebe going to.
  • A plan already arranged with a fixed time → Present Continuous.

5. Future time expressions (useful signals)

Future time words do not choose the form for you, but they tell the listener you are talking about the future — and they must go in the right place.

WordMeaningExample
tomorrowthe next day"I'm leaving tomorrow morning."
tonightlater today"We're eating out tonight."
next week / month / yearthe coming period"She starts her new job next week."
soonin a short time"Don't worry, they'll arrive soon."
in + a periodafter that time"I'll be ready in ten minutes."
Watch out
  • After when, after, before, as soon as for the future, use the Present Simple, not will: "When you arrive, call me." ✓ — "When you will arrive..."

6. Common mistakes (✗ / ✓)

These are the errors B1 students make most often with future forms. The biggest one is using will for a plan that is already arranged. Check your own speaking and writing against this list.

Wrong ✗Right ✓Why?
I will visit my aunt on Sunday; it's arranged.I'm visiting my aunt on Sunday.a fixed arrangement → Present Continuous.
Look at the traffic! We will be late.Look at the traffic! We're going to be late.evidence you can see now → be going to.
That bag looks heavy. I'm going to help you.That bag looks heavy. I'll help you.an offer decided now → will.
When you will finish, tell me.When you finish, tell me.after "when" for the future → Present Simple.
It is raining tomorrow.It's going to rain tomorrow.a prediction, not an arrangement.

7. Putting it together (Model Dialogue)

Lena and Sam talk about the coming weekend. Read it twice and notice how they switch between the three forms — arrangements, intentions, predictions, and quick decisions.

  • — What are you doing this weekend?Asking about arrangements → Present Continuous.
  • — On Saturday I'm meeting some old friends for lunch — we booked it last week.A fixed arrangement → Present Continuous.
  • — Nice! And on Sunday I'm going to paint my kitchen at last.A plan decided before → be going to.
  • — I think it'll be sunny, so maybe we'll have a picnic.Prediction + a decision made now → will.
  • — Hmm, the sky is very grey — I think it's going to rain.Evidence you can see → be going to.
  • — Don't worry, I'll bring an umbrella, I promise.A promise / offer → will.
Test yourself
  • Find the arranged plan. Which form is used, and why? (Present Continuous — the lunch is booked.)
  • "I think it's going to rain." Why going to and not will here? (There is present evidence: the grey sky.)
  • Change "I'll bring an umbrella" into a plan you decided yesterday. (I'm going to bring an umbrella.)

Exercises (Alıştırmalar)

Choose the correct answer. — 10 questions, each one is marked instantly. Questions get harder as you go.

Ünite 4 · Future Forms · Bölüm 2/6

Speaking: Plans & Predictions

Learn the words, then use them in your own sentences about your future.

plan (n/v)
something you decide to do; to decide how to do it (plan; planlamak)
Syn: arrange · Ant: improvise
"I'm going to plan my whole trip this week."
intend (v)
to have something as your aim or purpose (niyet etmek)
Syn: mean to · Ant: avoid
"I intend to finish my degree next year."
decide (v)
to choose something after thinking (karar vermek)
Syn: choose · Ant: hesitate
"I've decided I'm going to move abroad."
arrange (v)
to organise or fix something in advance (ayarlamak, düzenlemek)
Syn: organise · Ant: cancel
"I've arranged a meeting for Monday."
appointment (n)
a fixed time to meet or see someone (randevu)
Syn: meeting · Ant:
"I'm seeing the doctor; I have an appointment."
schedule (n)
a plan of the times when things will happen (program, takvim)
Syn: timetable · Ant:
"My schedule is very busy next week."
predict (v)
to say what you think will happen (tahmin etmek, öngörmek)
Syn: forecast · Ant:
"Experts predict the economy will improve."
expect (v)
to think that something will probably happen (beklemek)
Syn: anticipate · Ant: doubt
"I expect it will be a difficult exam."
hope (v/n)
to want something good to happen (ummak; umut)
Syn: wish · Ant: despair
"I hope I'll pass my driving test soon."
goal (n)
something you want to achieve (hedef, amaç)
Syn: aim, target · Ant:
"My main goal is to speak English fluently."
ambition (n)
a strong wish to achieve something big (hırs, büyük hedef)
Syn: dream · Ant: apathy
"Her ambition is to start her own company."
opportunity (n)
a chance to do something good (fırsat)
Syn: chance · Ant:
"This job is a great opportunity for me."
probably (adv)
almost certainly; very likely (muhtemelen)
Syn: likely · Ant: unlikely
"I'll probably stay at home this weekend."
definitely (adv)
certainly, without any doubt (kesinlikle)
Syn: certainly · Ant: maybe
"I'm definitely going to travel next summer."
What are you going to do next year? I'm flying to Canada in July — I'm going to study there!
Talking about the future: mix will, be going to and the Present Continuous.

Production Task (Üretim Görevi)

Write 8 sentences about your plans, arrangements and predictions for the future. Use at least 8 of the words above.

Grammar requirement — apply this unit's topic
  • Use be going to for your plans and intentions (I'm going to..., I'm not going to...).
  • Use the Present Continuous for at least one fixed arrangement with a time (On Monday I'm meeting..., Next week I'm starting...).
  • Use will for at least one prediction or promise (I think I'll..., I probably won't...). (Örn: "I'm going to look for a job. I think it'll be difficult.")

Sentence starters (you can begin with these):

"Next year I'm going to ..." "On Saturday I'm ...ing ..." "I think I'll ..." "My biggest ambition is ..." "I'll probably ..."

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your task.)

Ünite 4 · Future Forms · Bölüm 3/6

Reading: Big Plans

Read the text, then answer the questions.

Before You Read (Okumadan Önce)

Good readers prepare before they start. Before you read, think about these three questions (you do not need to write the answers):

  • Think about your own future. What is one thing you are going to do next year?
  • The text is about a young man's plans. Which future forms do you expect to see a lot?
  • Look at the title, "Big Plans". Do you think the person feels excited, worried, or both? Guess!
How to read
  • First read: read quickly, without stopping. Get the general idea; you do not need every word.
  • Second read: read the questions, then search the text for the answers. Notice each form — an arrangement ("is flying"), an intention ("is going to study") and a prediction ("will enjoy").

Words to spot (from the Speaking section): plan · intend · decide · arrange · appointment · predict · expect · ambition · opportunity

next month July: fly next year the future
A future built step by step: from next month to the years ahead.
Big Plans: Emre's Next Year

Emre is a final-year engineering student in Izmir, and he has a lot of exciting plans. Next month he is finishing his degree, and in July he is flying to Canada, because he has already accepted a place on a master's programme in Toronto. His flight is booked and his visa is ready, so everything is arranged.

For Emre, this journey did not begin suddenly. Two years ago, he was only dreaming about studying abroad, but slowly the dream became a real plan. He read about many universities, he talked to his teachers, and in the end he decided to apply to three schools in Canada. It was not easy. He had to write a long letter about his goals, take an English exam, and then wait for months for an answer. "When the email from Toronto arrived, I read it five times," he laughs. "Then I called my mother, and we were both so happy that we could not speak." Since that day, Emre has been getting ready, step by step, for the biggest change of his life.

Emre is not nervous; he is excited. "I'm going to study renewable energy," he says, "and after that I'm going to work on solar projects." He is going to share a flat with two other students, because rooms in the city are expensive. Although the winters are cold, he expects that he will enjoy them.

The master's programme is going to last two years, and it is going to be quite intense. In the first year, Emre is going to take courses in wind power, solar power and energy storage. In the second year, he is going to work on a real research project with a company. "The programme is famous, so I'm sure I will learn a lot," he says. He has already looked at maps of the city, and he knows exactly where his university is. "Toronto is huge," he explains. "I'm probably going to buy a bicycle, because the buses are expensive and I want to save money." He is also planning to find a small part-time job at the weekend, but he is not going to start working until he feels comfortable with his studies.

When he imagines his new life, Emre smiles. "On weekday mornings I'm going to walk to the campus with a big cup of coffee," he says. "In the afternoons I'll be in the laboratory, and in the evenings I'm going to cook simple meals with my flatmates." He expects the first weeks to be a little lonely, but he is sure that he will make new friends quickly, because the programme has students from all over the world. "I'm going to join the international club," he adds, "so I will meet people from many countries and practise my English every day."

These days, Emre is very busy. He is selling some of his old things, and he is packing the rest into two big suitcases. "I'm not going to take much," he says. "I'll buy warm clothes when I arrive, because Canadian winters are much colder than Turkish ones." He has made a long list of everything he needs to do before July: close his bank account, say goodbye to his relatives, and collect all his important documents. Every evening he crosses one more thing off the list. "When everything is ready, I'm going to relax for a few days," he promises, "but right now there is no time to rest."

Of course, Emre also has some worries. "I don't speak French, so I will probably find the first months difficult," he admits. "However, I'm going to take a language course, and I'm sure I will improve quickly." When he arrives, he is meeting his new supervisor on the very first morning; the appointment is already in his calendar.

Emre knows that French is one of the two official languages of Canada, and he thinks it will be useful in the future. "Maybe one day I'm going to work in Montreal," he says, "so a little French will help me." For now, though, his English is good enough for his studies, and this makes him feel calmer. He has already sent an email to his supervisor, Professor Clarke, who answered kindly and welcomed him. They are going to meet in her office at nine o'clock on his first morning, and after that she is going to show him the laboratory. "I don't want to be late on my first day," Emre says, "so I'm going to arrive early, and I probably won't sleep much the night before!"

What about his family? "My parents are going to visit me at Christmas," Emre explains, "while my sister is staying here in Izmir to finish school." He promises he will call home every Sunday. He believes the year will change his life, but he is a little sad, because he is going to miss his friends.

His friends are proud of him, although they are going to miss him too. Next Friday they are having a big farewell dinner at their favourite restaurant; they booked a table for twelve people last week. "We're going to eat, laugh, and remember all our best memories," Emre says. His best friend, Can, has promised to visit him in the spring. "I think Can will love Canada," Emre says. "We're going to explore the national parks together, and maybe we'll even see a bear from a safe distance!" Emre knows that good friendships do not end because of distance; they only change their shape.

"In five years I think I will be an engineer with real experience," Emre says with a smile. "I don't know exactly what will happen, but I'm going to work hard, and I will never give up on my dream."

As the summer gets closer, Emre feels a mix of excitement and fear, and he thinks that this is completely normal. "Everybody feels nervous before a big step," he says quietly. "But if you never try, nothing is going to change." He believes that the coming year is going to teach him far more than lessons about energy; it is going to teach him how to live alone, how to solve his own problems, and how to be brave in a new country. "In the end," he says, "I'm not just going to study in Canada. I'm going to grow up there." And with that thought, he smiles, picks up his to-do list, and gets back to work, because his big plans are waiting.

A · Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer.

B · True / False (Doğru / Yanlış)

Are these sentences true or false, according to the text?

C · Gap Fill

Complete each sentence with ONE word from the text. Mind the future form.

1Emre has already a place on a master's programme in Toronto. Doğru cevap: accepted
2In July he is to Canada; his flight is already booked. Doğru cevap: flying
3He promises he will home every Sunday. Doğru cevap: call
4His parents are going to him in Canada at Christmas. Doğru cevap: visit
5When he arrives, Emre is his new supervisor on the very first morning. Doğru cevap: meeting

D · Open-Ended

Write your answer in your own words. These questions are not marked automatically.

1. Why is Emre going to share a flat with other students?

Sample Answer"He is going to share a flat with two other students because rooms in the city of Toronto are expensive, so sharing will help him save money."

2. What worries does Emre have about his year abroad?

Sample Answer"He does not speak French, so he thinks the first months will be difficult. He is also a little sad because he is going to miss his friends."

3. What do you think Emre means when he says he "will never give up" on his dream?

Sample Answer"I think he means that he is determined: even if some things are hard, he is going to keep working towards his ambition of becoming an experienced engineer."

E · Connector Hunt (Bağlaç Avı)

Find these connectors in the text — each one appears at least once: and, but, so, because, when, while, however, although, also. (You will use these same connectors in the Writing section.) Note them down, then check.

Answers and: "...he has a lot of exciting plans. Next month he is finishing his degree, and in July he is flying to Canada..."
but: "He believes the year will change his life, but he is a little sad..."
so: "His flight is booked and his visa is ready, so everything is arranged." · "I don't speak French, so I will probably find the first months difficult."
because: "...he is flying to Canada, because he has already accepted a place..." · "...because rooms in the city are expensive."
when: "When he arrives, he is meeting his new supervisor..."
while: "...while my sister is staying here in Izmir to finish school."
however: "However, I'm going to take a language course..."
although: "Although the winters are cold, he expects that he will enjoy them."
also: "Of course, Emre also has some worries."
Ünite 4 · Future Forms · Bölüm 4/6

Listening: Our Dream Life

Todd and Darcy describe their dream life and their hopes for the future.

You will hear two friends, Todd and Darcy, describing their "dream life" — where they want to live, how they want to travel, and what they hope to do. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)

Tip
  • Read the questions BEFORE the first listening — know what to listen for.
  • You do not need every word; catch the answer to each question.

1. Dinleme — Questions 1-5 (Choose the correct answer)

Ünite 4 · Future Forms · Bölüm 5/6

Writing: My Plans for the Future

Write and submit your paragraph; your teacher will review it.

Connectors turn sentences into a text (Linking Words)

A list of short, separate sentences is not real writing. What connects your ideas is linking words. At A2 you used and, but, so, because. At B1 you add four more powerful connectors: also, when, while, although and however. These let you show contrast, background events and extra information like a confident writer.

ConnectorUse it to...Example
andadd informationI'm going to travel, and I'm going to learn Spanish.
butshow a small contrastIt'll be hard, but I won't give up.
soshow a resultI love languages, so I'm going to study French.
becausegive a reasonI'm excited because I'm starting a new job.
alsoadd an extra pointI'm going to save money. I'm also going to move.
whensay at what future timeWhen I finish school, I'm going to travel.
whiletwo things at the same timeWhile I'm abroad, I'm going to practise English.
althoughshow a strong contrastAlthough it's a risk, I'm going to try.
howevercontrast between two sentencesThe plan is difficult. However, I'm sure it'll work.

See the difference — the same plans, written two ways:

Separate sentences ✗Connected, fluent writing ✓
I'm going to finish school. I'm going to travel. I don't have much money. I'm going to work hard. I want to see the world. When I finish school, I'm going to travel, although I don't have much money yet. However, I'm going to work hard, because I really want to see the world.
Rule
  • Use at least 3 different connectors in your paragraph. Do not write sentence by sentence; link your ideas.
  • When when / while / although / however start a sentence, they are usually followed by a comma: "However, I'm sure it'll work."

Paragraph structure (Paragraph Structure)

A "future plans" paragraph has three parts. The skeleton stays the same every time — you change the content, not the structure:

PartWhat to writeExample
1. OpeningA general topic sentence about your future (be going to / Present Continuous)I have a lot of plans for the next few years.
2. BodySpecific plans (be going to), fixed arrangements (Present Continuous) and predictions (will), linked with connectorsNext month I'm starting a course. Although it'll be hard, I'm going to work every evening.
3. ClosingA final hope or prediction about the future (will)I don't know what will happen, but I'm sure the future will be bright.

Task (Görev)

Write about your plans and hopes for the future. Mix be going to, the Present Continuous and will.

WHAT TO INCLUDE

  • an opening sentence about your future plans (be going to / Present Continuous)
  • two or three plans and intentions (be going to)
  • at least one fixed arrangement with a time (Present Continuous: next week, on Saturday, at 5...)
  • at least one prediction or hope (will: I think..., probably, I'm sure...)
  • a closing sentence about an ambition or goal you have
  • at least 3 connectors: and, but, so, because, also, when, while, although, however
  • at least 4 words from the Speaking section (plan, intend, decide, arrange, appointment, predict, expect, ambition, opportunity, probably, definitely)

EXAMPLE OPENERS

"I have a lot of plans for the future ..." "Next year I'm going to ..." "My biggest ambition is ..."

Your Paragraph (150-180 words / kelime)

0 kelime

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)

Sample Answer (~165 words) I have a lot of plans for the next few years, and I am really excited about them. Next month I am starting a new course at a local college, because I want to improve my computer skills. My schedule is already fixed, so I am studying every evening from six to eight.

After that, I am going to look for a better job. It will probably be difficult at first, but I am not going to give up. When I have more experience, I intend to apply for a position abroad, although I know I will miss my family. I have also decided to save some money for the trip.

My biggest ambition is to travel. Next summer I am flying to Spain with two friends; we have already arranged everything. While I am there, I am going to practise my Spanish every day. I do not know exactly what will happen, but I am sure the future is definitely going to be bright.
Ünite 4 · Future Forms · Bölüm 6/6

Unit Check (Ünite Kontrolü)

Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do.

Mixed Quiz (Karışık Test)

14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading + listening. Each question is marked instantly.

Can-Do Check (Yapabiliyorum Listesi)

Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher.

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