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Ünite 16 · Determiners & Quantifiers · Bölüm 1/6

Grammar: Determiners & Quantifiers

Study the rules, look at the examples, then do the exercises.

From vague amounts to exact quantities

At A2 you used a few basic words to show amount: a lot of, many, some. That works for simple sentences, but real B1 English needs to be more precise. Determiners and quantifiers are the small words that come before a noun to show which one or how much / how many: all, most, some, any, no, both, each, every, (a) few, (a) little.

The most important skill is agreement. Some quantifiers go only with countable nouns (few, both, each, every), some only with uncountable nouns (little, much), and some with both (all, most, some, any, no). Choosing the wrong one is the most common B1 mistake, so we will focus on it carefully.

  • Most people recycle at home.most + plural countable noun → general amount.
  • I have very little free time.little + uncountable noun (time).
  • Each student has a locker.each + singular noun + singular verb.

1. General quantity (all / most / some / any / no / none)

These words show quantity from 100% down to 0%. They work with both countable (plural) and uncountable nouns. The tricky parts are some vs any and no vs none.

WordMeaning / useExample
all100% of the groupAll children need sleep.
mostthe biggest partMost people like music.
somea part (in positive sentences & offers)I bought some apples.
anyin questions & negativesIs there any milk? / We don't have any bread.
no + nounzero (with a positive verb)There is no time.
nonezero (a pronoun; stands alone)How many are left? None.
Key point
  • Use some in positive sentences and offers; use any in questions and negatives: "We have some sugar." / "We don't have any sugar."
  • no + noun takes a positive verb: "There is no sugar." (NOT "There isn't no sugar.")
  • none replaces the noun and stands alone: "None of them came."

2. A specific group (all / most / some ... of the)

Use a quantifier alone to talk about things in general, but add of the / of my / of these when you mean a specific, known group. Compare: "Most people..." (people in general) and "Most of the people at the party..." (a specific group).

General (no "of")Specific (+ of the)Note
Most students study hard.Most of the students in my class study hard.a known group → add "of the".
Some cheese is expensive.Some of the cheese was old.works the same with uncountable nouns.
All children play.All (of) the children were tired.after all / both, "of" is optional.
The rule that saves marks
  • Before the / my / these / us / them you must use of: "some of the water", "none of us".
  • After all and both, "of" is optional: "all (of) the students".
  • Never say "most of people" ✗ — either "most people" or "most of the people" ✓.

3. Two things (both / either / neither)

Use these three only when you talk about two things or people. The verb form is the key: both is plural, but either and neither are singular.

WordMeaningStructure & example
boththe two togetherBoth restaurants are good. (both + plural + plural verb)
eitherone OR the otherEither day is fine. (either + singular + singular verb)
neithernot one and not the otherNeither answer is correct. (neither + singular + singular verb)
Watch the verb
  • both + plural noun + plural verb: "Both shops are open."
  • either / neither + singular noun + singular verb: "Neither shop is open."
  • Pairs: both...and, either...or, neither...nor: "I like both tea and coffee." / "Neither Ali nor Sam came."

4. Every individual member (each / every)

Both talk about all the members of a group, but seen one by one. They are followed by a singular noun and a singular verb — this surprises many students.

WordFocusExample
eachthe members one by one (2 or more)Each player gets a card.
everyall members as a group (3 or more)Every player was tired.
each of the + pluralone by one, a specific groupEach of the players was ready.
Singular, always
  • each / every + singular noun + singular verb: "Every room has a window." (NOT "Every rooms have")
  • Use each of the / my + plural noun: "Each of my brothers lives abroad."
  • For only two things, use each, not every: "She had a bag in each hand."

5. Small amounts ((a) few / (a) little)

These four are easy to mix up, but two questions decide everything: is the noun countable or uncountable, and is there "a" or not?

WordGoes withMeaning
a fewcountable pluralsome — a small but positive amount
fewcountable pluralnot many — almost none (negative)
a littleuncountablesome — a small but positive amount
littleuncountablenot much — almost none (negative)
The "a" changes the feeling
  • "I have a few friends here." = some friends (positive). "I have few friends here." = almost none (negative).
  • "There is a little milk." = some milk. "There is little milk." = almost no milk.
  • few / a few + countable (books); little / a little + uncountable (water). Never "a few water" ✗ or "a little books" ✗.

6. Common mistakes (✗ / ✓)

Almost every B1 mistake with quantifiers comes from wrong agreement (countable / uncountable) or a missing or extra "of".

Wrong ✗Right ✓Why?
Every students have a book.Every student has a book.every + singular noun + singular verb.
I don't have some money.I don't have any money.use "any" in negatives, not "some".
Most of people like it.Most people like it.no "of" without "the"; or "most of the people".
There isn't no bread.There is no bread."no" already means zero; don't add a second negative.
I have a little friends.I have a few friends.friends is countable → use "a few".
Both my sister is a nurse.Both my sisters are nurses.both + plural noun + plural verb.

7. Putting it together (Model Dialogue)

Two flatmates check the kitchen before they go shopping. Read it twice and notice how each quantifier fits its noun — singular after each / every, plural after both / a few, and an uncountable noun after a little.

  • — Do we have any milk? — There's a little, but not much.any in a question; a little + uncountable (milk).
  • — How many eggs? — Only a few. Most of them are gone.a few + countable (eggs); most of + them.
  • Both shops near us are open, so either one is fine.both + plural verb; either + singular noun.
  • — Let's check each shelf. Every jar here is empty!each / every + singular noun + singular verb.
  • — We need some bread, but we don't need any rice.some in a positive sentence; any in a negative.
  • None of the vegetables are fresh. Let's buy all of them again.none of the (zero); all of them (100%).
Test yourself
  • Why is it "a little milk" and not "a few milk"? (Milk is uncountable, so we use a little.)
  • Change "Every jar is empty" to talk about a specific group with each of. (Each of the jars is empty.)
  • Why "any rice" in "we don't need any rice"? (It is a negative sentence, so we use any, not some.)

Exercises (Alıştırmalar)

Choose the correct answer. — 10 questions, each one is marked instantly. Questions get harder as you go.

Ünite 16 · Determiners & Quantifiers · Bölüm 2/6

Speaking: How Much We Use, Waste & Share

Learn the words, then use them — with quantifiers — to talk about your habits.

quantity (n)
how much or how many of something there is (miktar)
Syn: amount · Ant:
"We throw away a large quantity of food."
amount (n)
how much of something (usually uncountable) (miktar)
Syn: quantity · Ant:
"A small amount of water is enough."
plenty (pron)
a large amount; more than enough (bol, yeterinden fazla)
Syn: a lot · Ant: hardly any
"There is plenty of bread for everyone."
enough (det)
as much or as many as you need (yeterli)
Syn: sufficient · Ant: too little
"Some people do not have enough food."
several (det)
more than two but not very many (birkaç, birçok)
Syn: a few · Ant: none
"I visited several shops before I chose one."
various (adj)
of many different kinds (çeşitli, farklı)
Syn: different · Ant: identical
"The fridge holds various kinds of food."
majority (n)
most of a group; more than half (çoğunluk)
Syn: most · Ant: minority
"The majority of my neighbours help out."
spare (adj)
extra; not being used at the moment (fazladan, yedek)
Syn: extra · Ant: needed
"If you have spare food, please share it."
donate (v)
to give something to help others (bağışlamak)
Syn: give · Ant: keep
"A bakery donates some bread every day."
reduce (v)
to make something smaller or less (azaltmak)
Syn: cut down · Ant: increase
"We try to reduce the amount of waste."
waste (v/n)
to use badly or throw away for no reason (israf etmek; atık)
Syn: throw away · Ant: save
"Most families waste a little food each week."
share (v)
to give a part of something to others (paylaşmak)
Syn: split · Ant: keep for yourself
"They share all of the food fairly."
container (n)
a box or jar used to hold or store things (kap, kutu)
Syn: box, jar · Ant:
"Each container has a date on it."
neighbour (n)
a person who lives near you (komşu)
Syn: local resident · Ant: stranger
"Both of my neighbours grow vegetables."
How much food do you waste each week? Only a little. I share most of it with my neighbours, so none is wasted.
Talking about quantities: use all, most, some, a few, a little and none.

Production Task (Üretim Görevi)

Write 8 sentences about how much of different things (food, money, time, water...) you use, waste or share. Use at least 8 of the words above.

Grammar requirement — apply this unit's topic
  • Use all / most / some / any / no / none for general amounts, and remember: a few + countable, a little + uncountable.
  • Use each / every with a singular noun and verb, and both / either / neither for two things.
  • Write at least 2 sentences with "of the": one about a specific group. (Örn: "Most of the food in my fridge is fresh. None of my friends waste water.")

Sentence starters (you can begin with these):

"Every week, I ..." "Most of my ..." "I waste only a little ..." "Both of my ..." "None of us ..."

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your task.)

Ünite 16 · Determiners & Quantifiers · Bölüm 3/6

Reading: The Community Fridge

Read the text, then answer the questions.

Before You Read (Okumadan Önce)

Good readers prepare before they start. Before you read, think about these three questions (you do not need to write the answers):

  • Think about how much food your family throws away in a week. Could any of it be shared?
  • The title is "The Community Fridge". What do you think a shared fridge in a street is for?
  • This unit is about quantifiers. As you read, underline every all, most, some, each, a few and a little you find.
How to read
  • First read: read quickly, without stopping. Get the general idea; you do not need every word.
  • Second read: read the questions, then search the text for the answers. Notice how each quantifier fits its noun (countable or uncountable).

Words to spot (from the Speaking section): quantity · amount · plenty · spare · donate · reduce · waste · share

a few tins more food full fridge SHARE
From a few tins of food to a fridge that feeds the whole street.
The Community Fridge on Green Street

A few years ago, the people of Green Street had a problem. Every week, most families threw away good food, while some of their neighbours did not have enough to eat. One afternoon, two women, Deniz and Ayla, decided that neither of them wanted to watch this waste continue. They shared a simple idea: a fridge that anyone in the street could use.

Green Street is a long, narrow road on the edge of a busy town. Most of the houses are small, and many of the families who live there have known each other for years. There are a few shops near the corner, a primary school, and an old community hall where people meet for classes and parties. Life on the street is friendly, but money is not always easy for everyone, and some months are harder than others. When times are hard, a little help from a neighbour can make a big difference.

Deniz worked as a nurse at the local clinic, and Ayla taught music to young children. Neither of them was rich, but both of them cared deeply about the people around them. One evening, Deniz noticed several bags of fresh bread and vegetables in a bin behind a house, while a little further down the road an old man was counting his last few coins. “This does not make any sense,” she said to Ayla the next day. “There is plenty of food on this street. The problem is that it is in the wrong places.” Ayla agreed at once, and together they began to plan.

At first, few people believed the plan would work. There was very little money, and none of the local shops wanted to help. Even so, the two women did not give up. They asked each family on the street to give a little time or a few tins of food. Slowly, both the fridge and the trust between neighbours began to grow.

Building the fridge was not easy. They found an old but working fridge that a family did not need any more, and a kind neighbour offered a little space beside the community hall. A young man called Emre, who knew a lot about electricity, spent a whole weekend making sure the fridge was safe to use outside. Each of the first volunteers brought something different: one woman brought cleaning supplies, another brought a box of jars, and a few teenagers painted a bright sign that said “Take a little, give a little.”

In the first week, only a small number of families used the fridge. Some people felt shy, and many were not sure whether the food was really free. Deniz and Ayla understood these worries, so they stood by the fridge each afternoon and talked to everyone who passed. Little by little, the fear disappeared. Neighbours who had never spoken before began to share recipes, and a few of them even became close friends.

Today, the fridge stands outside the community hall. Every morning, volunteers check it, and each item is dated to keep the food safe. Most of the vegetables come from local gardens, and some of the bread arrives from a bakery two streets away. If you open the door, you will almost never find it empty; there is always at least a little of something for everyone.

There are now about fifteen volunteers, and each one has a job. Some arrive early to clean the shelves, while others write the date on every packet and check that nothing is out of date. A retired teacher keeps a simple notebook, and in it she writes how much food comes in and how much goes out each day. “We do not want any waste,” she often says. “If there is too much of one thing, we share it quickly before it goes bad.”

Not every day is easy. On some mornings there is very little food, and on others there is far too much. When there is plenty, the volunteers pack the extra food into bags and carry it to families who cannot leave their homes. When there is not enough, they make a few phone calls, and neighbours soon arrive with whatever they can spare. In this way, the fridge almost never stays empty for long.

The rules are easy. Take only what you need, and leave some for others. Both giving and taking are welcome, and either action helps the whole street. There is no charge, and no one is ever turned away. Several families now donate any spare food instead of wasting it.

Many different people rely on the fridge. An elderly man named Mr. Kaya comes every Tuesday for a little milk and some fruit. A young mother, who has two small children and not much money, takes a few tins and always leaves a note that says “thank you”. Students from the nearby college bring any spare food from their kitchens, and several workers drop off bread on their way home. “I do not have much,” one of them said, “but I can always give a little.”

There are stories that the volunteers love to tell. Once, a family who had used the fridge during a hard winter returned a year later, this time to give food instead of taking it. Another time, a local baker heard about the project and now sends a box of fresh rolls each morning. Both giving and receiving have become normal on Green Street, and no one feels ashamed of either one.

All of the volunteers agree on one thing: none of this would have happened without a few determined people and a lot of patience. The project has reduced the amount of food that Green Street wastes, and the majority of neighbours say they feel closer than ever before.

The people of Green Street now dream of doing more. They hope to add a second fridge on the other side of town and to start a small garden where neighbours can grow their own vegetables. Ayla often reminds the volunteers that big changes usually begin with small actions. “We did not have much at first,” she says with a smile, “but we had each other, and that was enough.”

A · Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer.

B · True / False (Doğru / Yanlış)

Are these sentences true or false, according to the text?

C · Gap Fill

Complete each sentence with ONE quantifier from the text. Mind the grammar (countable or uncountable noun).

1____ people believed the plan would work at first. Doğru cevap: Few
2There was very money at the beginning. Doğru cevap: little
3They asked family on the street to give a little time. Doğru cevap: each
4____ of the vegetables come from local gardens. Doğru cevap: Most
5____ of this would have happened without a few determined people. Doğru cevap: None

D · Open-Ended

Write your answer in your own words. These questions are not marked automatically.

1. Why did Deniz and Ayla decide to start the community fridge?

Sample Answer"Most families on the street threw away good food, while some of their neighbours did not have enough to eat. Neither of the two women wanted to watch all of this waste continue, so they created a fridge that anyone could use."

2. How did the neighbours help the project in the beginning?

Sample Answer"There was very little money and none of the local shops wanted to help, so each family was asked to give a little time or a few tins of food. Slowly, both the fridge and the trust between neighbours grew."

3. What are the main rules of the fridge, and why do they matter?

Sample Answer"People should take only what they need and leave some for others. Every item is dated to keep all of the food safe. These rules matter because they mean there is always a little of something for everyone and almost none of the food is wasted."

E · Quantifier Hunt (Miktar Sözcüğü Avı)

Find these quantifiers in the text — each one appears at least once: all, most, some, any, no / none, both, either, neither, each, every, a few / few, a little / little. (You will use these same quantifiers in the Writing section.) Note them down, then check.

Answers all: "All of the volunteers agree on one thing."
most: "Most families threw away good food." · "Most of the vegetables come from local gardens."
some: "...some of their neighbours did not have enough to eat." · "leave some for others."
any: "Several families now donate any spare food."
no / none: "There is no charge, and no one is ever turned away." · "none of this would have happened without a few determined people."
both: "both the fridge and the trust between neighbours began to grow." · "Both giving and taking are welcome."
either: "either action helps the whole street."
neither: "neither of them wanted to watch this waste continue."
each: "They asked each family on the street..." · "each item is dated to keep the food safe."
every: "Every week, most families threw away good food." · "Every morning, volunteers check it."
a few / few: "A few years ago..." / "few people believed the plan would work."
a little / little: "give a little time..." / "There was very little money."
Ünite 16 · Determiners & Quantifiers · Bölüm 4/6

Listening: All These Computers!

Sarah and Todd talk about all the computers and phones they own.

You will hear two friends, Sarah and Todd, talking about the many computers and phones they own and why they keep so many. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)

Tip
  • Read the questions BEFORE the first listening — know what to listen for.
  • You do not need every word; catch the answer to each question.

1. Dinleme — Questions 1-5 (Choose the correct answer)

Ünite 16 · Determiners & Quantifiers · Bölüm 5/6

Writing: Wasting Less, Sharing More

Write and submit your paragraph; your teacher will review it.

Quantifiers make writing precise (Quantifiers)

Weak B1 writing repeats the same vague words (a lot of, many) or lists short, separate sentences. What makes writing mature is precise, correct quantity. This unit gives you a full set of quantifiers for general amounts, two things, individuals and small amounts. Use them — and remember the golden rule: match the quantifier to its noun.

QuantifierUse it to...Example
all / most / someshow a general amountMost of my friends recycle.
no / noneshow zeroNone of us wastes water on purpose.
both / either / neithertalk about two thingsBoth my parents grow vegetables.
each / everytalk about individualsEvery family can help a little.
(a) few / (a) littleshow a small amountI waste a little food and only a few things.
... of thepoint to a specific groupSome of the food in my fridge is old.

See the difference — the same facts, written two ways:

Vague & separate ✗Precise, fluent writing ✓
I have food. I do not eat it all. I throw food away. My family is the same. Every week my family buys a lot of food, but we do not eat all of it. Most of it is fine, yet a little is wasted, and none of us likes throwing it away.
Rule
  • Use at least 3 different quantifiers from this unit. Do not repeat "a lot of" everywhere.
  • Remember: a few + countable, a little + uncountable; each / every + singular noun and verb; add of the only for a specific group.

Paragraph structure (Paragraph Structure)

A "quantity" paragraph has three parts. The skeleton stays the same every time — you change the content, not the structure:

PartWhat to writeExample
1. OpeningName your topic in one general sentenceEvery week my family uses a large amount of food and water.
2. BodyHow much you use, waste and share. Use general amounts (all / most / some / none), two things (both / either / neither) and small amounts (a few / a little).Most of the vegetables come from our garden, but a little food is still wasted. Both of my parents try to reduce it.
3. ClosingWhat you have learned or want to changeNow none of us wastes as much, and we share any spare food.

Task (Görev)

Write about how much of different things (food, money, time, water...) you and your family use, waste and share. Show general amounts, individuals and small amounts with quantifiers.

WHAT TO INCLUDE

  • an opening sentence that names your topic
  • how much you use or have (all / most / some / plenty)
  • what you waste, using a small amount (a few / a little)
  • what you share, and something about two things (both / either / neither)
  • a closing sentence about what you want to change
  • at least 3 quantifiers: all, most, some, any, no, none, both, either, neither, each, every, a few, a little
  • at least 4 words from the Speaking section (quantity, amount, plenty, enough, several, various, majority, spare, donate, reduce, waste, share, container, neighbour)

EXAMPLE OPENERS

"Every week, my family uses ..." "Most of the food in our home ..." "We waste only a little ..."

Your Paragraph (150-180 words / kelime)

0 kelime

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)

Sample Answer (~165 words) Every week, my family uses a large amount of food, water and money, but we do not always use it well. Most of our meals are cooked at home, and some of the vegetables come from my grandmother's garden. Sadly, a little food is still wasted, and a few things go off in the fridge before we eat them.

Both of my parents want to reduce this waste. Neither of them likes throwing food away, so each person in the house now has a job. My mother checks the fridge, and every container has a date on it. None of us buys more than we need, and if we have plenty of spare bread, we donate it to our neighbours.

The majority of our rubbish is now much smaller. I have learned that all of these small changes matter. If each family wastes just a little less, the whole street can share more and throw away almost nothing.
Ünite 16 · Determiners & Quantifiers · Bölüm 6/6

Unit Check (Ünite Kontrolü)

Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do.

Mixed Quiz (Karışık Test)

14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading + listening. Each question is marked instantly.

Can-Do Check (Yapabiliyorum Listesi)

Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher.

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