Bir çizgi grafik, sütun grafik ya da tablo gördüğünde İngilizcede yaptığın şey aslında tek bir cümlelik değil: ne oldu (yükseldi/düştü/sabit kaldı), ne kadar hızlı (keskin/kademeli/durağan) ve ne kadar (%15, 40 milyona) sorularına aynı anda cevap verirsin. 'Describing data & trends' bu üç katmanı düzgün bir cümlede birleştirme becerisidir. IELTS Academic Task 1'in, üniversite raporlarının, iş sunumlarının ve gazete ekonomi haberlerinin dili budur.
Neden ayrı bir 'konu' olarak var? Çünkü Türkçede biz çoğu değişimi tek bir esnek yapıyla anlatırız: arttı, çoğaldı, yükseldi neredeyse birbirinin yerine geçer ve hepsi aynı edatla (%15 arttı) çalışır. İngilizcede ise her fiilin kendi edatı, kendi isim hali ve kendi zarfı vardır. increase hem fiil hem isimdir; hangisini kullandığına göre etrafındaki kelimeler değişir. İşte bu yüzden ayrı ve dikkat isteyen bir alandır.
Türkçe benzeri: bir hava durumu spikerinin 'sıcaklıklar 5 derece yükselecek, sonra sabit seyredecek' demesi gibi düşün. Türkçede 'yükselecek' ve 'sabit seyredecek' derken hız ve miktarı ayrı kelimelere yüklersin. İngilizce de aynı mantığı kullanır ama parçaları çok daha katı bir dilbilgisiyle birbirine bağlar.
Neden zor? Üç sebep var — her biri Türkçeden İngilizceye geçerken tökezleten ayrı bir eşiktir:
Fiil / isim karışımı
Türk öğrenci There was an increase yerine There was increased demeye meyillidir.
Edat seçimi
increase by mi to mu in mi? Türkçede tek edat işi görürken İngilizcede üç ayrı anlam var.
Zarf yerleşimi
sharply increased mi increased sharply mi? Zarfın yeri cümlenin akıcılığını belirler.
Bu bölüm üçünü de tek tek çözer. Karşılaştırma cümleleri için Karşılaştırma Dili, veriyi tanıtma kalıpları için Yönlendirme Dili bu bölümün kardeşleridir.
When you see a line chart, bar chart or table, what you do in English is not really a single sentence: you answer at the same time the questions what happened (rose/fell/stayed stable), how fast (sharp/gradual/steady) and how much (15%, to 40 million). 'Describing data & trends' is the skill of combining these three layers in a well-formed sentence. This is the language of IELTS Academic Task 1, university reports, business presentations and newspaper economics stories.
Why does it exist as a separate 'topic'? Because in Turkish we describe most changes with a single flexible structure: arttı, çoğaldı, yükseldi are almost interchangeable and all work with the same suffix (%15 arttı). In English, however, each verb has its own preposition, its own noun form and its own adverb. increase is both a verb and a noun; the words around it change depending on which you use. That is precisely why it is a separate area that demands care.
The Turkish parallel: think of a weather presenter saying 'temperatures will rise 5 degrees, then hold steady'. In Turkish, when you say 'will rise' and 'hold steady' you load the speed and amount onto separate words. English uses the same logic but links the parts with a much stricter grammar.
Why is it hard? There are three reasons — each a separate threshold that trips you up when moving from Turkish to English:
Verb/noun mix-up
The Turkish student tends to say There was increased instead of There was an increase.
Preposition choice
increase by, to or in? Where a single suffix does the job in Turkish, English has three separate meanings.
Adverb placement
sharply increased or increased sharply? The position of the adverb determines the fluency of the sentence.
This section resolves all three one by one. For comparison sentences, Comparison Language, and for patterns that introduce data, Signposting Language are the siblings of this section.
- Artış fiilleri: rise, increase, grow, climb, go up, soar (çok keskin), rocket (çok keskin).
- Düşüş fiilleri: fall, decline, drop, decrease, go down, plummet (çok keskin), plunge (çok keskin).
- Sabitlik: remain stable / steady / constant, level off, plateau, stay the same.
- Dalgalanma: fluctuate (düzensiz iniş-çıkış).
- Zirve/dip: peak (at) — zirve; reach a low (of) / bottom out — dip.
- Hız zarfları: sharply, dramatically, steeply (hızlı); gradually, steadily, slowly (yavaş); slightly, marginally (az).
- Edatlar: by = ne kadarlık fark; to = ulaşılan seviye; at = zirvenin/dibin seviyesi; in = ismin nesnesi (a rise in prices).
- Zaman: in 2020, from 2010 to 2020, between 2010 and 2020, over the period, during the decade.
- İki eş kalıp: Prices rose sharply. = There was a sharp rise in prices. (fiil+zarf ↔ sıfat+isim).
- Altın kural: rise/fall NESNE ALMAZ (geçişsiz); raise/lower nesne alır ama grafik dilinde nadirdir.
- Increase verbs: rise, increase, grow, climb, go up, soar (very sharp), rocket (very sharp).
- Decrease verbs: fall, decline, drop, decrease, go down, plummet (very sharp), plunge (very sharp).
- Stability: remain stable / steady / constant, level off, plateau, stay the same.
- Fluctuation: fluctuate (irregular up-and-down).
- Peak/trough: peak (at) — a high point; reach a low (of) / bottom out — a low point.
- Speed adverbs: sharply, dramatically, steeply (fast); gradually, steadily, slowly (slow); slightly, marginally (small).
- Prepositions: by = the size of the difference; to = the level reached; at = the level of the peak/trough; in = the object of the noun (a rise in prices).
- Time: in 2020, from 2010 to 2020, between 2010 and 2020, over the period, during the decade.
- Two paired patterns: Prices rose sharply. = There was a sharp rise in prices. (verb+adverb ↔ adjective+noun).
- Golden rule: rise/fall take NO OBJECT (intransitive); raise/lower take an object but are rare in graph language.
İki ana kalıp: fiil yolu ve isim yolu
Bir eğilimi anlatmanın iki eşdeğer yolu vardır. İkisini de bilmek, cümleni tekrara düşmeden çeşitlendirmeni sağlar — IELTS'te 'lexical resource' puanını tam da bu getirir.
Fiil yolu
özne + fiil + zarf
Sales rose sharply.
İsim yolu
there was + sıfat + isim
There was a sharp rise.
Fiil yolu (özne + fiil + zarf): Özne + rise/fall + [zarf] + [edat + rakam] + [zaman]. Örnek iskelet: Sales / rose / sharply / by 20% / in 2020.
İsim yolu (There was + sıfat + isim): There was + a/an + [sıfat] + rise/fall + in + konu + [zaman]. Örnek iskelet: There was / a sharp / rise / in sales / in 2020. Dikkat: fiildeki zarf (sharply), isim yolunda sıfat (sharp) olur.
Olumsuz ve sabitlik ifadesi
Grafik dilinde 'olumsuz' klasik not ile değil, çoğunlukla sabitlik ve değişmezlik fiilleriyle kurulur: değişim olmadı. did not change / remained unchanged / showed no change.
Soru biçimi (veri hakkında soru sormak)
Betimleme ağırlıklı olduğu için soru daha az kullanılır ama sunum ve tartışmada gerekir: What happened to X? By how much did X rise? How did X change?
| Soru | Kısa cevap |
|---|---|
| Did sales rise? | Yes, they did — by 15%. |
| What happened to prices? | They fell sharply. |
| Was the figure stable? | Yes, it remained constant. |
| When did it peak? | It peaked in 2018. |
Two main patterns: the verb route and the noun route
There are two equivalent ways to describe a trend. Knowing both lets you vary your sentences without falling into repetition — and that is exactly what earns the 'lexical resource' score in IELTS.
Verb route
subject + verb + adverb
Sales rose sharply.
Noun route
there was + adjective + noun
There was a sharp rise.
Verb route (subject + verb + adverb): Subject + rise/fall + [adverb] + [preposition + number] + [time]. Example skeleton: Sales / rose / sharply / by 20% / in 2020.
Noun route (There was + adjective + noun): There was + a/an + [adjective] + rise/fall + in + topic + [time]. Example skeleton: There was / a sharp / rise / in sales / in 2020. Note: the adverb in the verb route (sharply) becomes an adjective (sharp) in the noun route.
Negative and stability expression
In graph language 'the negative' is built not with the classic not but usually with stability and no-change verbs: no change occurred. did not change / remained unchanged / showed no change.
Question form (asking about the data)
Because it is mostly description, questions are used less, but they are needed in presentations and discussion: What happened to X? By how much did X rise? How did X change?
| Question | Short answer |
|---|---|
| Did sales rise? | Yes, they did — by 15%. |
| What happened to prices? | They fell sharply. |
| Was the figure stable? | Yes, it remained constant. |
| When did it peak? | It peaked in 2018. |
1) Artışı anlatmak (en yaygın)
Yukarı hareket için fiiller hızlarına göre sıralanır: go up (nötr) < increase/rise (standart) < climb (kararlı) < soar/rocket/surge (çok keskin). Keskinliği ya fiilin kendisi ya da zarf verir.
2) Düşüşü anlatmak
Aşağı hareket: go down (nötr) < fall/decrease/decline (standart) < drop (biraz ani) < plummet/plunge/collapse (çok keskin). 'decline' genelde yavaş ve uzun vadeli bir gerilemeyi çağrıştırır.
3) Zirve, dip ve dönüm noktası
peak (at) = zirve; reach a low / hit a low / bottom out = dip; reach a peak of / hit a peak of = isim kalıbı. Dönüm noktasını 'before + ...ing' ile bağlarsın.
4) Sabitlik ve dalgalanma
1) Describing an increase (most common)
For upward movement the verbs are ranked by speed: go up (neutral) < increase/rise (standard) < climb (steady) < soar/rocket/surge (very sharp). The sharpness is given either by the verb itself or by an adverb.
2) Describing a decrease
Downward movement: go down (neutral) < fall/decrease/decline (standard) < drop (somewhat sudden) < plummet/plunge/collapse (very sharp). 'decline' usually suggests a slow, long-term fall.
3) Peak, trough and turning point
peak (at) = a high point; reach a low / hit a low / bottom out = a trough; reach a peak of / hit a peak of = the noun pattern. You link the turning point with 'before + ...ing'.
4) Stability and fluctuation
Veri betimlemede zaman edatı seçimi anlamı ve dilbilgisini birlikte belirler. Aşağıdaki kalıplar sabittir; ezberlenmeye değer.
| Kalıp | Kullanım | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| in + yıl/ay | Tek bir zaman noktası | in 2020, in July |
| from X to Y | Başlangıç–bitiş aralığı | from 2010 to 2020 |
| between X and Y | İki nokta arası aralık | between 1990 and 2000 |
| over the period / decade | Tüm dönem boyunca | over the ten-year period |
| during | Belli bir süre içinde | during the recession |
| by + yıl | O tarihe gelindiğinde | by 2019 (2019'a kadar) |
| since + nokta | O noktadan bugüne (Present Perfect) | since 2005, sales have fallen |
In data description the choice of time preposition determines meaning and grammar together. The patterns below are fixed; they are worth memorising.
| Pattern | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| in + year/month | A single point in time | in 2020, in July |
| from X to Y | A start–end range | from 2010 to 2020 |
| between X and Y | A range between two points | between 1990 and 2000 |
| over the period / decade | Throughout the whole period | over the ten-year period |
| during | Within a certain span | during the recession |
| by + year | By the time that date is reached | by 2019 (up to 2019) |
| since + point | From that point to now (Present Perfect) | since 2005, sales have fallen |
Kesinlik ve yumuşatma. Akademik yazıda kesin rakam yerine çoğu zaman yaklaşık değer verilir. approximately, roughly, around, just over, just under, nearly, well over hem daha doğru hem daha profesyonel görünür. Grafikten okuduğun rakam tam olsa bile 'just over 40%' demek 'exactly 41.3%' demekten daha doğaldır.
Vurgu ve bakış açısı. Aynı veriyi 'artış' ya da 'düşüş' olarak çerçeveleyebilirsin: A rose while B fell — hangisini özne yaparsan onu öne çıkarırsın. Karşılaştırmayı öne çıkarmak istiyorsan Karşılaştırma Dili kalıplarına geç: A was twice as high as B.
Yorum ekleme (C1). İyi bir betimleme sadece rakamı okumaz, eğilimi tek cümlede özetler: Overall, there was an upward trend. Bu 'overview' cümlesi IELTS Task 1'de zorunludur ve puanın büyük kısmını taşır.
Precision and softening. In academic writing an approximate value is usually given instead of an exact figure. approximately, roughly, around, just over, just under, nearly, well over look both more accurate and more professional. Even if the figure you read from the graph is exact, saying 'just over 40%' is more natural than saying 'exactly 41.3%'.
Emphasis and point of view. You can frame the same data as an 'increase' or a 'decrease': A rose while B fell — whichever you make the subject, you foreground it. If you want to foreground the comparison, switch to Comparison Language patterns: A was twice as high as B.
Adding interpretation (C1). A good description does not just read the figure, it summarises the trend in a single sentence: Overall, there was an upward trend. This 'overview' sentence is obligatory in IELTS Task 1 and carries a large part of the score.
Türkçede veri anlatımı çok daha esnektir. 'Satışlar %20 arttı' cümlesinde tek bir '%20 arttı' kalıbı hem miktarı hem fiili taşır; edat yoktur. İngilizce ise bu tek Türkçe kalıbı üç ayrı edata böler: by (miktar), to (seviye), at (zirve seviyesi). Türkçeden doğrudan çevirmek tam da burada tökezletir.
- Türkçe 'arttı/çoğaldı/yükseldi' ≈ İngilizce rise/increase/grow/climb — ama İngilizcede register ve keskinlik farkı var.
- Türkçede isim/fiil ayrımı ekle çözülür ('artış' vs 'arttı'); İngilizcede aynı kelime (increase) iki iş görür, etrafı değişir.
- Türkçede '%20 arttı' edatsız; İngilizcede 'by 20%' zorunlu edat.
- Türkçe 'X'te artış' → İngilizce 'a rise IN X' (of değil in).
Data narration in Turkish is much more flexible. In the sentence 'Satışlar %20 arttı' a single '%20 arttı' pattern carries both the amount and the verb; there is no preposition. English, however, splits this single Turkish pattern into three separate prepositions: by (amount), to (level), at (peak level). Translating directly from Turkish trips you up exactly here.
- Turkish 'arttı/çoğaldı/yükseldi' ≈ English rise/increase/grow/climb — but in English there is a difference of register and sharpness.
- In Turkish the noun/verb distinction is solved with a suffix ('artış' vs 'arttı'); in English the same word (increase) does two jobs, and its surroundings change.
- In Turkish '%20 arttı' has no preposition; in English 'by 20%' is an obligatory preposition.
- Turkish 'X'te artış' → English 'a rise IN X' (in, not of).
Veri betimleme, üç komşu söylem işleviyle sık karışır. Aşağıdaki tablo hangi işin ne zaman devreye girdiğini ayırır.
| İşlev | Ne yapar | Örnek kalıp | Bağlantı |
|---|---|---|---|
| Veri betimleme | Bir değerin zaman içindeki hareketini anlatır | rose sharply / a gradual decline | bu bölüm |
| Karşılaştırma | İki değeri birbirine kıyaslar | twice as high as / far more than | Karşılaştırma Dili |
| Yönlendirme | Okuru veri/bölüm arasında gezdirir | as the graph shows / turning to X | Yönlendirme Dili |
| Tanım/sınıflandırma | Bir terimi tanımlar ya da kategoriye ayırır | X is a type of / defined as | Tanımlama & Sınıflandırma |
Data description is often confused with three neighbouring discourse functions. The table below separates which job comes into play when.
| Function | What it does | Example pattern | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data description | Describes a value's movement over time | rose sharply / a gradual decline | this section |
| Comparison | Compares two values with each other | twice as high as / far more than | Comparison Language |
| Signposting | Guides the reader between data/sections | as the graph shows / turning to X | Signposting Language |
| Defining/classifying | Defines a term or divides it into a category | X is a type of / defined as | Defining & Classifying |
Birkaç durum genel kuralın dışına çıkar; bunları bilmek C1 inceliği verir.
- 'of' meşru olduğu yerler: isim + seviye kalıbında 'of' doğrudur: an increase of 5%, a peak of 40 million, a low of 2%. Yani her 'of' hatalı değildir — konu değil, MİKTAR bağlanıyorsa 'of' kalır.
- double / triple / halve: katlama fiilleri edat almaz: Sales doubled. (by/to gerekmez). 'The figure tripled between 2000 and 2010.'
- compared with X: 'a 5% rise compared with 2019' — karşılaştırma tabanı 'compared with/to' ile verilir.
- overtake / outnumber: bir eğrinin diğerini geçmesi özel fiil ister: Renewables overtook coal in 2018.
A few situations fall outside the general rule; knowing them gives C1 finesse.
- Where 'of' is legitimate: in the noun + level pattern 'of' is correct: an increase of 5%, a peak of 40 million, a low of 2%. So not every 'of' is an error — if the AMOUNT rather than the topic is being linked, 'of' stays.
- double / triple / halve: multiplication verbs take no preposition: Sales doubled. (no by/to needed). 'The figure tripled between 2000 and 2010.'
- compared with X: 'a 5% rise compared with 2019' — the comparison base is given with 'compared with/to'.
- overtake / outnumber: one curve passing another requires a special verb: Renewables overtook coal in 2018.
Bu dil sadece akademik değil; fiyatlar, faturalar, izlenmeler, kilolar günlük hayatta da 'yükselir ve düşer'. Konuşmada daha rahat fiiller (go up/down, shoot up) kullanılır.
This language is not only academic; prices, bills, views, weights also 'rise and fall' in everyday life. In conversation more relaxed verbs (go up/down, shoot up) are used.
Akademik yazıda üç şey belirleyicidir: resmi fiil seçimi (increase > go up, decline > go down), yaklaşıklık (approximately, roughly), ve yorumlayıcı çerçeve (overall, notably, in contrast). Kişisel/duygusal ifade (huge, crazy) yerine ölçülü sıfatlar (substantial, marked, significant) kullanılır.
- 'The graph illustrates' + 'Overall' = zorunlu Task 1 açılış + özet kalıbı.
- 'stood at roughly 10 units' = 'stand at' (seviyedeydi) + 'roughly' (yaklaşık).
- 'climbing steadily to reach a peak of' = fiil + zarf + 'to reach a peak OF' (miktar edatı 'of').
- 'a far more gradual increase' = Karşılaştırma Dili ile derece: 'far more'.
- 'growing by only 20 units' = miktar edatı 'by'; 'only' azlığı vurgular.
- 'fluctuated noticeably' = düzensiz hareket + zarf.
- 'The most striking feature is' = C1 yorumlama; en dikkat çekeni öne alma.
- 'had been negligible... but exceeded' = Past Perfect ile geçmişten önceki duruma referans (register yüksek).
In academic writing three things are decisive: formal verb choice (increase > go up, decline > go down), approximation (approximately, roughly), and an interpretive frame (overall, notably, in contrast). Instead of personal/emotional expressions (huge, crazy), measured adjectives (substantial, marked, significant) are used.
- 'The graph illustrates' + 'Overall' = the obligatory Task 1 opening + summary pattern.
- 'stood at roughly 10 units' = 'stand at' (was at the level of) + 'roughly' (approximately).
- 'climbing steadily to reach a peak of' = verb + adverb + 'to reach a peak OF' (the amount preposition 'of').
- 'a far more gradual increase' = degree with Comparison Language: 'far more'.
- 'growing by only 20 units' = the amount preposition 'by'; 'only' emphasises the smallness.
- 'fluctuated noticeably' = irregular movement + adverb.
- 'The most striking feature is' = C1 interpretation; foregrounding the most notable point.
- 'had been negligible... but exceeded' = a reference to a prior state with the Past Perfect (a high register).
- 'The line chart presents' + 'Overall' = açılış + genel özet; Task 1 iskeleti.
- 'ranging from around 200,000 to 250,000' = 'range from X to Y' + 'around' yaklaşıklık.
- 'rose steadily, climbing by roughly 100,000' = fiil+zarf, sonra 'by' ile miktar; 'roughly' yumuşatma.
- 'fluctuate considerably, dipping to a low of about 180,000' = dalgalanma + 'a low OF' (miktar edatı 'of').
- 'soared, climbing sharply from just under 300,000 to a peak of well over 600,000' = seviye değişimi 'from... to'; 'just under' ve 'well over' incelikleri.
- 'a slight decline... dropping by approximately 40,000' = isim yolu (a decline) + fiil yolu (dropping by) birleşimi.
- 'roughly double those of Nice and Brighton' = Karşılaştırma Dili ile katlama karşılaştırması.
- 'In summary, while... was the defining feature' = kapanış özeti + C1 yorumlama.
- 'The line chart presents' + 'Overall' = opening + general summary; the Task 1 skeleton.
- 'ranging from around 200,000 to 250,000' = 'range from X to Y' + 'around' approximation.
- 'rose steadily, climbing by roughly 100,000' = verb+adverb, then 'by' with the amount; 'roughly' softening.
- 'fluctuate considerably, dipping to a low of about 180,000' = fluctuation + 'a low OF' (the amount preposition 'of').
- 'soared, climbing sharply from just under 300,000 to a peak of well over 600,000' = level change 'from... to'; the nuances 'just under' and 'well over'.
- 'a slight decline... dropping by approximately 40,000' = the noun route (a decline) + verb route (dropping by) combined.
- 'roughly double those of Nice and Brighton' = a multiplication comparison with Comparison Language.
- 'In summary, while... was the defining feature' = a closing summary + C1 interpretation.
Temel (B1)
Orta (B2)
İleri (C1)
Basic (B1)
Intermediate (B2)
Advanced (C1)
Aşağıdaki sorular kuralı değil, anlamı yoklar. Cümlenin ne söylediğini kavradığını kontrol et.
- 'Sales rose to 40%.' — Satışlar ne kadar arttı, yoksa hangi seviyeye çıktı?Hangi seviyeye çıktığını söyler: %40 SEVİYESİNE ulaştı. Ne kadar arttığını (miktarı) SÖYLEMEZ. Miktar için 'by' gerekirdi.
- 'Prices fluctuated between $10 and $15.' — Fiyat sürekli mi arttı?Hayır. 'fluctuate' düzensiz iniş-çıkış demek; belirli bir yön yok. Fiyat 10-15 dolar arasında oynadı, düzenli artmadı.
- 'The figure remained stable.' — Değer değişti mi?Hayır, değişmedi; aynı seviyede kaldı. 'remain stable' = sabitlik.
- 'There was a slight rise.' vs 'There was a sharp rise.' — Fark ne?'slight' = küçük, az miktarlı artış; 'sharp' = büyük, hızlı artış. Fark hızda/büyüklükte.
- 'Renewables overtook coal in 2018.' — 2018'de ne oldu?Yenilenebilir enerji o yıl kömürü geçti; yani yenilenebilirin değeri kömürünkinden yüksek hale geldi. İki eğri kesişti.
The questions below test not the rule but the meaning. Check that you grasp what the sentence says.
- 'Sales rose to 40%.' — How much did sales rise, or to which level did they rise?It says which level they rose to: they reached the LEVEL of 40%. It does NOT say how much they rose (the amount). For the amount, 'by' would be needed.
- 'Prices fluctuated between $10 and $15.' — Did the price rise continuously?No. 'fluctuate' means irregular up-and-down; there is no particular direction. The price moved between $10 and $15, it did not rise steadily.
- 'The figure remained stable.' — Did the value change?No, it did not change; it stayed at the same level. 'remain stable' = stability.
- 'There was a slight rise.' vs 'There was a sharp rise.' — What is the difference?'slight' = a small, minor rise; 'sharp' = a large, fast rise. The difference is in speed/size.
- 'Renewables overtook coal in 2018.' — What happened in 2018?Renewable energy overtook coal that year; that is, the value of renewables became higher than that of coal. The two curves crossed.
- Sales rose ___ 15% last year.by (artış miktarı)
- The figure climbed ___ 40 million.to (ulaşılan seviye)
- There was a sharp increase ___ prices.in (isim + konu)
- Unemployment peaked ___ 12%.at (zirve seviyesi)
- There was a rise ___ 5% in exports.of (isim + miktar)
- There was increased in sales.There was an increase in sales. ('There was' isim ister.)
- Prices increased sharp in 2020.Prices increased sharply in 2020. (fiili niteleyen zarf.)
- The number of tourists raised.The number of tourists rose. (geçişsiz 'rise'.)
- Between 2010 to 2020 sales grew.Between 2010 and 2020 sales grew. ('between... and'.)
- Sales were increased last year.Sales increased last year. (etken/geçişsiz; edilgen değil.)
- Satışlar 2020'de %20 keskin biçimde arttı.Sales rose sharply by 20% in 2020.
- İşsizlikte kademeli bir düşüş oldu.There was a gradual decline in unemployment.
- Fiyatlar 10 ile 15 dolar arasında dalgalandı.Prices fluctuated between $10 and $15.
- Rakam beş yıl boyunca yaklaşık %30'da sabit kaldı.The figure remained stable at around 30% for five years.
- peaked / at / sales / 2 million / before / falling backSales peaked at 2 million before falling back.
- a / there / rise / was / in / sharp / pricesThere was a sharp rise in prices.
- declined / newspaper / steadily / sales / since 2005 / haveNewspaper sales have declined steadily since 2005.
- Sales rose ___ 15% last year.by (amount of increase)
- The figure climbed ___ 40 million.to (level reached)
- There was a sharp increase ___ prices.in (noun + topic)
- Unemployment peaked ___ 12%.at (peak level)
- There was a rise ___ 5% in exports.of (noun + amount)
- There was increased in sales.There was an increase in sales. ('There was' requires a noun.)
- Prices increased sharp in 2020.Prices increased sharply in 2020. (an adverb modifying the verb.)
- The number of tourists raised.The number of tourists rose. (intransitive 'rise'.)
- Between 2010 to 2020 sales grew.Between 2010 and 2020 sales grew. ('between... and'.)
- Sales were increased last year.Sales increased last year. (active/intransitive; not passive.)
- Satışlar 2020'de %20 keskin biçimde arttı.Sales rose sharply by 20% in 2020.
- İşsizlikte kademeli bir düşüş oldu.There was a gradual decline in unemployment.
- Fiyatlar 10 ile 15 dolar arasında dalgalandı.Prices fluctuated between $10 and $15.
- Rakam beş yıl boyunca yaklaşık %30'da sabit kaldı.The figure remained stable at around 30% for five years.
- peaked / at / sales / 2 million / before / falling backSales peaked at 2 million before falling back.
- a / there / rise / was / in / sharp / pricesThere was a sharp rise in prices.
- declined / newspaper / steadily / sales / since 2005 / haveNewspaper sales have declined steadily since 2005.
Görev: Aşağıdaki hayali verileri kullanarak 80-120 kelimelik bir IELTS Task 1 paragrafı yaz. Sadece rakamları sıralama; eğilimi yorumla ve bir 'overall' cümlesi ekle.
- Veri: Bir kentte bisiklet kullanımı — 2000: 5.000; 2010: 15.000 (keskin artış); 2015: 14.000'de sabit; 2020: 30.000 (yeniden fırlama).
- Rehber sorular: Genel eğilim yukarı mı? Nerede zirve/düzleşme var? Hangi zarflarla hızı verirsin? 'by' ve 'to' edatlarını doğru kullandın mı?
- Zorunlu: en az bir isim yolu (a sharp rise) ve bir fiil yolu (rose sharply) cümlesi; bir 'overall' özet cümlesi.
- Örnek yanıt nasıl olmalı?The chart shows cycling numbers in the city from 2000 to 2020. Overall, cycling became far more popular, despite a brief period of stability. In 2000, only around 5,000 people cycled regularly. This figure then rose sharply, tripling to reach 15,000 by 2010. Between 2010 and 2015, numbers levelled off, dipping slightly to about 14,000. However, the most striking change came in the final five years: there was a dramatic rise in cycling, with the figure soaring to 30,000 by 2020. In summary, cycling more than doubled over the period, with the fastest growth occurring after 2015.
Task: Using the imaginary data below, write an 80-120 word IELTS Task 1 paragraph. Do not just list the figures; interpret the trend and add an 'overall' sentence.
- Data: cycling in a city — 2000: 5,000; 2010: 15,000 (sharp rise); 2015: stable at 14,000; 2020: 30,000 (another surge).
- Guiding questions: Is the overall trend upward? Where is there a peak/levelling off? Which adverbs give the speed? Did you use the 'by' and 'to' prepositions correctly?
- Obligatory: at least one noun-route sentence (a sharp rise) and one verb-route sentence (rose sharply); an 'overall' summary sentence.
- What should the sample answer look like?The chart shows cycling numbers in the city from 2000 to 2020. Overall, cycling became far more popular, despite a brief period of stability. In 2000, only around 5,000 people cycled regularly. This figure then rose sharply, tripling to reach 15,000 by 2010. Between 2010 and 2015, numbers levelled off, dipping slightly to about 14,000. However, the most striking change came in the final five years: there was a dramatic rise in cycling, with the figure soaring to 30,000 by 2020. In summary, cycling more than doubled over the period, with the fastest growth occurring after 2015.
Kavram kontrolü için 'rose by 20%' ile 'rose to 20%' cümlelerini yan yana yaz ve 'hangisi seviye, hangisi miktar?' diye sor. Bu tek karşıtlık, edat mantığının tamamını açar. Ardından öğrencilere kendi telefon faturaları/takipçi sayıları üzerinden cümle kurdur — kişisel veri motivasyonu artırır.
Etkinlik: 'Grafik diktesi' — sen bir eğilim tarif et (sözlü), öğrenciler çizsin; sonra rolleri değiştir. Bu, dinleme ve üretimi aynı anda çalıştırır. İleri gruplarda 'overview' cümlesi zorunluluğunu vurgula; IELTS'te en çok puan kaybı orada. Karşılaştırma katmanı için Karşılaştırma Dili bölümüne köprü kur.
For concept checking, write 'rose by 20%' and 'rose to 20%' side by side and ask 'which is a level, which is an amount?' This single contrast unlocks the whole logic of the prepositions. Then have students make sentences from their own phone bills/follower counts — personal data increases motivation.
Activity: 'Graph dictation' — you describe a trend (aloud), students draw it; then swap roles. This works listening and production at the same time. With advanced groups, stress the obligation of the 'overview' sentence; in IELTS the greatest loss of points is there. For the comparison layer, build a bridge to the Comparison Language section.
- İki eş kalıp: fiil+zarf (rose sharply) ↔ sıfat+isim (a sharp rise). İkisini de kullan, tekrardan kaç.
- Üç kritik edat: by = miktar (rose by 20%), to = seviye (rose to 40m), at = zirve seviyesi (peaked at 12%).
- İsim + konu daima in: a rise IN prices. İsim + miktar of: a rise OF 5%.
- rise/fall geçişsizdir: edilgen (were risen) ya da raise/rise karışması yapma.
- Zarf sıfat değildir: increased sharply, 'sharp' değil.
- Zaman: in + yıl, from...to, between...and, since (Present Perfect ile).
- Akademikte yaklaşıklık (roughly, just over) ve ölçülü sıfat (marked, substantial) kullan; 'huge/crazy' değil.
- IELTS Task 1'de bir 'Overall' özet cümlesi zorunludur; puanın büyük kısmını taşır.
- Komşu işlevler: karşılaştırma Karşılaştırma Dili, yönlendirme Yönlendirme Dili — betimlemeyle birlikte çalışırlar.
- Two paired patterns: verb+adverb (rose sharply) ↔ adjective+noun (a sharp rise). Use both, escape repetition.
- Three critical prepositions: by = amount (rose by 20%), to = level (rose to 40m), at = peak level (peaked at 12%).
- Noun + topic always in: a rise IN prices. Noun + amount of: a rise OF 5%.
- rise/fall are intransitive: do not use the passive (were risen) or confuse raise/rise.
- An adverb is not an adjective: increased sharply, not 'sharp'.
- Time: in + year, from...to, between...and, since (with the Present Perfect).
- In academic writing use approximation (roughly, just over) and measured adjectives (marked, substantial); not 'huge/crazy'.
- In IELTS Task 1 an 'Overall' summary sentence is obligatory; it carries a large part of the score.
- Neighbouring functions: comparison Comparison Language, signposting Signposting Language — they work together with description.