Collocation (Türkçesiyle eş dizim ya da sözcük birlikteliği), bir dilde belirli kelimelerin başka belirli kelimelerle birlikte, tekrar tekrar ve doğal biçimde kullanılma eğilimidir. İngilizcede make a decision deriz, do a decision demeyiz; heavy rain deriz, strong rain demeyiz. İkincilerin gramerinde hiçbir hata yoktur; ama anadili konuşan biri bunları duyduğunda "böyle söylenmez" diye düşünür. İşte dizimler bu "böyle söylenir / söylenmez" sezgisidir.
Peki bu neden var? Çünkü diller mantıkla değil, alışkanlıkla yürür. Bir kelimenin sözlük anlamını bilmek, onu doğru komşularıyla eşleştirmeye yetmez. "Yapmak" fiilini düşünün: Türkçede tek bir "yapmak" varken İngilizce bunu en az make, do, take, have, get arasında paylaştırır. Hangi ismin hangi fiille gittiği çoğu zaman kuralla değil, gelenekle belirlenir. Bu yüzden dizimler ezberlenecek 'kelime çiftleri' değil, öğrenilecek desenlerdir.
Türkçedeki benzeri
Türkçede de eş dizim vardır ve anadili olduğumuz için farkında bile olmayız. "Karar" ile "vermek" gider (karar vermek), "karar yapmak" demeyiz. "Diş" ile "fırçalamak", "duş" ile "almak" gider. "Kahvaltı" ile "etmek/yapmak" gider ama "kahvaltı içmek" olmaz. İngilizceyi öğrenirken sorun, kendi dizim alışkanlıklarımızı olduğu gibi İngilizceye taşımamızdır: karar vermek → give a decision ya da make a decision? İşte tuzak tam burada.
Türk öğrenci için neden zor?
- Türkçedeki tek fiil ("yapmak", "almak", "tutmak") İngilizcede birden çok fiile dağılır; birebir çeviri neredeyse her zaman yanlış dizime götürür.
- Kural yok, gelenek var: "heavy rain" neden "strong rain" değil diye mantıklı bir cevap yoktur — böyle yerleşmiştir.
- Sözlük tek kelimeyi verir, komşusunu vermez; "decision" karşısında "karar" yazar ama "make" ile gittiğini söylemez.
- Gramer doğru olduğu için hata gözden kaçar; öğretmen düzeltmezse yıllarca "do a mistake" denebilir.
Collocation (in Turkish eş dizim or sözcük birlikteliği) is the tendency of certain words in a language to be used, again and again and in a natural way, together with certain other words. In English we say make a decision, we do not say do a decision; we say heavy rain, we do not say strong rain. There is nothing wrong with the grammar of the latter; but when a native speaker hears them, they think "you don't say it like that". Collocations are exactly this "you say it / you don't say it" intuition.
So why does this exist? Because languages run on habit, not logic. Knowing the dictionary meaning of a word is not enough to pair it with the right neighbours. Think of the verb "yapmak": while Turkish has a single "yapmak", English shares this out among at least make, do, take, have, get. Which noun goes with which verb is usually determined by tradition, not a rule. That is why collocations are not 'word pairs' to be memorised but patterns to be learned.
The equivalent in Turkish
Turkish also has collocations, and because it is our native language we are not even aware of them. "Karar" goes with "vermek" (karar vermek), we do not say "karar yapmak". "Diş" goes with "fırçalamak", "duş" with "almak". "Kahvaltı" goes with "etmek/yapmak" but "kahvaltı içmek" is impossible. The problem when learning English is that we carry our own collocation habits straight into English: karar vermek → give a decision or make a decision? That is exactly where the trap lies.
Why is it hard for a Turkish learner?
- The single Turkish verb ("yapmak", "almak", "tutmak") is spread across several verbs in English; a word-for-word translation almost always leads to a wrong collocation.
- No rule, just tradition: there is no logical answer to why it is "heavy rain" and not "strong rain" — it just settled that way.
- The dictionary gives the single word, not its neighbour; against "decision" it writes "karar" but does not tell you it goes with "make".
- Because the grammar is correct, the mistake goes unnoticed; unless a teacher corrects it, someone may say "do a mistake" for years.
- Collocation = doğal kelime birlikteliği; gramer değil, alışkanlık meselesidir.
- En kritik ayrım make / do: make = üretmek/oluşturmak (make a cake, make a decision); do = görev/emek/belirsiz iş (do homework, do the dishes).
- take (take a photo, take a break), have (have breakfast, have a look), get (get a job, get married) da yüksek frekanslı dizim fiilleridir.
- Sıfat+isim dizimleri: heavy rain, strong coffee, fast food — sıfat isme göre değişir, çevirisi 'ağır/güçlü/hızlı' olmayabilir.
- Zarf+sıfat dizimleri (B2+): highly likely, deeply concerned, bitterly disappointed — pekiştirici zarf sıfata göre seçilir.
- Türkçeden birebir çeviri en sık hata kaynağıdır: do a decision, strong rain, make sport, open the light hep bu tuzağın ürünüdür.
- Dizimi tek kelime değil öbek olarak öğren; "decision" değil "make a decision" ezberle.
- Akademik dizimler (C1): draw a conclusion, pose a threat, conduct research, play a role — yazılı İngilizcenin belkemiği.
- Yakın konular: sabit anlamlı kalıplar için Deyimler, fiil+edat birleşmeleri için Öbek Fiiller.
- Collocation = natural word partnership; a matter of habit, not grammar.
- The most critical distinction is make / do: make = to produce/create (make a cake, make a decision); do = task/effort/unspecified work (do homework, do the dishes).
- take (take a photo, take a break), have (have breakfast, have a look), get (get a job, get married) are also high-frequency collocation verbs.
- Adjective+noun collocations: heavy rain, strong coffee, fast food — the adjective changes with the noun, and its translation may not be 'heavy/strong/fast'.
- Adverb+adjective collocations (B2+): highly likely, deeply concerned, bitterly disappointed — the intensifying adverb is chosen to match the adjective.
- Word-for-word translation from Turkish is the most common source of mistakes: do a decision, strong rain, make sport, open the light are all products of this trap.
- Learn a collocation as a chunk, not a single word; memorise "make a decision", not "decision".
- Academic collocations (C1): draw a conclusion, pose a threat, conduct research, play a role — the backbone of written English.
- Related topics: for fixed-meaning patterns Idioms, for verb+preposition combinations Phrasal Verbs.
Dizimin bir 'çekimi' yoktur; onun yerine belirli dilbilgisel kalıplara yerleşir. En yaygın altı kalıbı bilmek, karşına çıkan hemen her dizimi yerine oturtmanı sağlar.
| Kalıp | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| fiil + isim | make a decision | karar vermek |
| sıfat + isim | heavy rain | şiddetli yağmur |
| isim + isim | a sense of humour | espri anlayışı |
| zarf + sıfat | highly likely | çok muhtemel |
| fiil + zarf | strongly recommend | şiddetle tavsiye etmek |
| fiil + edat / isim + edat | depend on / a reason for | -e bağlı olmak / -in nedeni |
Çekirdek fiil dizimlerinin kuruluşu (make / do / take / have / get)
Formül: [make/do/take/have/get] + (a/an/the) + isim. Fiil zamana ve özneye göre çekilir; asıl anlam ismindedir. Bu yüzden bunlara delexical verb (anlamı boşalmış fiil) denir.
MAKE = ürün / sonuç
Ortaya bir şey çıkıyorsa: make a decision, make a cake, make a mistake, make progress.
DO = görev / emek
Elini kirletip bir iş yapıyorsan: do homework, do the dishes, do business, do exercise.
Olumsuz ve soru
Dizim olumsuza ve soruya, fiilin normal yardımcı-fiil davranışıyla girer; dizim ortağı (isim/sıfat) değişmez. Yani olumsuzda da 'make a decision' kalıbı korunur, sadece 'don't/didn't' eklenir.
| Soru | Kısa cevap | Not |
|---|---|---|
| Did you make a reservation? | Yes, I did. | Dizim tekrarlanmaz, yardımcı fiil yeter. |
| Have you taken a shower? | No, not yet. | 'take a shower' korunur, cevapta kısaltılır. |
A collocation has no 'conjugation'; instead it settles into certain grammatical patterns. Knowing the six most common patterns lets you place almost every collocation you meet.
| Pattern | Example | Turkish |
|---|---|---|
| verb + noun | make a decision | karar vermek |
| adjective + noun | heavy rain | şiddetli yağmur |
| noun + noun | a sense of humour | espri anlayışı |
| adverb + adjective | highly likely | çok muhtemel |
| verb + adverb | strongly recommend | şiddetle tavsiye etmek |
| verb + preposition / noun + preposition | depend on / a reason for | -e bağlı olmak / -in nedeni |
How core-verb collocations are built (make / do / take / have / get)
Formula: [make/do/take/have/get] + (a/an/the) + noun. The verb is conjugated for tense and subject; the real meaning is in the noun. That is why these are called delexical verbs.
MAKE = product / result
If something comes into being: make a decision, make a cake, make a mistake, make progress.
DO = task / effort
If you are getting your hands dirty doing a job: do homework, do the dishes, do business, do exercise.
Negatives and questions
A collocation enters the negative and question with the verb's normal auxiliary behaviour; the collocate (noun/adjective) does not change. So even in the negative the 'make a decision' pattern is kept, only 'don't/didn't' is added.
| Question | Short answer | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Did you make a reservation? | Yes, I did. | The collocation is not repeated; the auxiliary is enough. |
| Have you taken a shower? | No, not yet. | 'take a shower' is preserved but shortened in the answer. |
Dizimleri kalıp ailelerine göre öğrenmek, tek tek ezberden çok daha verimlidir. En yaygından özele doğru gidelim.
make / do
Üret ↔ görev: make a decision, make a mistake / do homework, do the dishes.
take / have
Gerçekleştir ↔ deneyim: take a photo, take a break / have breakfast, have a look.
get + sıfat/isim
Edin, hâle gel (günlük): get a job, get married, get ready.
1) make ile dizimler — üretmek, oluşturmak, ortaya çıkarmak
make bir şeyi var eden / ortaya çıkaran fiildir: bir karar, bir plan, bir hata, bir gürültü, bir ilerleme. Somut (make a cake) ya da soyut (make a decision) bir 'ürün' vardır.
2) do ile dizimler — görev, iş, belirsiz eylem
do bir görev, iş ya da belirsiz eylem içindir. Somut bir ürün ortada yoktur; emek/çaba vardır: do homework, do the dishes, do business, do exercise. Ayrıca 'do the + ev işi' kalıbı çok verimlidir.
3) take ile dizimler — almak, üstlenmek, gerçekleştirmek
4) have ile dizimler — deneyim, öğün, kısa eylem
5) get ile dizimler — edinmek, hâle gelmek (günlük)
6) sıfat + isim dizimleri
7) zarf + sıfat / fiil + zarf (B2–C1)
Learning collocations by pattern families is far more efficient than memorising them one by one. Let's go from the most common to the more specific.
make / do
Produce ↔ task: make a decision, make a mistake / do homework, do the dishes.
take / have
Carry out ↔ experience: take a photo, take a break / have breakfast, have a look.
get + adjective/noun
Obtain, become (everyday): get a job, get married, get ready.
1) Collocations with make — to produce, create, bring about
make is the verb that brings something into being / creates it: a decision, a plan, a mistake, a noise, some progress. There is a concrete (make a cake) or abstract (make a decision) 'product'.
2) Collocations with do — task, work, unspecified action
do is for a task, job or unspecified action. There is no concrete product; there is effort/labour: do homework, do the dishes, do business, do exercise. Also the 'do the + household chore' pattern is very productive.
3) Collocations with take — to take, undertake, carry out
4) Collocations with have — experience, meal, short action
5) Collocations with get — to obtain, to become (everyday)
6) Adjective + noun collocations
7) Adverb + adjective / verb + adverb (B2–C1)
Dizimlerin zaman ifadeleri yoktur ama bazı tetikleyici isim/sıfatlar hangi fiili çağırdığına dair güçlü ipuçları verir. Aşağıdaki tablo 'bu ismi görürsen büyük olasılıkla bu fiil' mantığıyla düşünülmelidir.
Üç refleks tek başına çoğu dizim sorusunu çözer: decision → make, rain/traffic → heavy, attention → pay. Kafiye gibi ezberle: "rain is heavy, coffee is strong."
| İsim / öbek | Sık fiil | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| decision / choice / plan / mistake / progress / effort | make | make an effort |
| homework / the dishes / business / research / a favour | do | do research |
| a photo / a break / a shower / a taxi / responsibility | take | take a shower |
| breakfast / a look / a rest / fun / a party | have | have a rest |
| a job / married / angry / dressed / ready | get | get ready |
| rain / traffic / rain / smoker / accent | heavy | heavy traffic |
| coffee / wind / accent / argument | strong | strong wind |
Collocations do not have time expressions, but some trigger nouns/adjectives give strong clues about which verb they call for. The table below should be read with the logic 'if you see this noun, the verb is most likely this'.
Three reflexes solve most collocation questions on their own: decision → make, rain/traffic → heavy, attention → pay. Memorise it like a rhyme: "rain is heavy, coffee is strong."
| Noun / phrase | Frequent verb | Example |
|---|---|---|
| decision / choice / plan / mistake / progress / effort | make | make an effort |
| homework / the dishes / business / research / a favour | do | do research |
| a photo / a break / a shower / a taxi / responsibility | take | take a shower |
| breakfast / a look / a rest / fun / a party | have | have a rest |
| a job / married / angry / dressed / ready | get | get ready |
| rain / traffic / rain / smoker / accent | heavy | heavy traffic |
| coffee / wind / accent / argument | strong | strong wind |
Aynı ismin farklı fiillerle eşleşmesi çoğu zaman anlamı değiştirir. Dizim yalnızca 'doğru fiil'i değil, doğru nüansı da taşır. İşte en önemli incelikler.
Kesinlik ve nezaket de dizimle ayarlanır. Örneğin 'I would like to make a suggestion' resmi ve nazik; 'Can I just say something?' günlüktür. Akademik yazıda 'This raises an important question' gibi dizimler yazara mesafeli, nesnel bir ton kazandırır — 'This makes a question' denmez.
Pairing the same noun with different verbs often changes the meaning. A collocation carries not only the 'right verb' but also the right nuance. Here are the most important subtleties.
Certainty and politeness are also tuned by collocation. For example, 'I would like to make a suggestion' is formal and polite; 'Can I just say something?' is casual. In academic writing, collocations like 'This raises an important question' give the writer a detached, objective tone — you don't say 'This makes a question'.
Türkçe tek bir 'yapmak' fiilini pek çok yerde kullanır; İngilizce bu işi make/do/take/have/get arasında böler. Türkçe düşünen öğrenci 'yapmak = make' (ya da 'do') diye tek bir eşleme kurar ve her yerde onu kullanır. İşte hataların ana kaynağı budur.
- Türkçe 'karar vermek' → 'vermek' fiili 'give' değildir; İngilizce make a decision.
- Türkçe 'fotoğraf çekmek' → 'çekmek' 'pull/draw' değildir; İngilizce take a photo.
- Türkçe 'ışığı açmak' → 'açmak' 'open' değildir; İngilizce turn on the light.
- Türkçe 'spor yapmak' → tek fiil 'yapmak' bizi 'make sport'a iter; doğrusu do sport / exercise.
- Türkçe sıfatlar da birebir gitmez: 'şiddetli yağmur' → 'strong' değil heavy rain.
Türkçe tek 'yapmak' fiilini İngilizceye tek fiille taşıma; bağlama göre make / do / take / have / get arasında seçim yap. "do a decision", "make a photo", "strong rain", "open the light" hep bu birebir çeviri tuzağının ürünüdür.
Turkish uses a single verb 'yapmak' in many places; English divides this work among make/do/take/have/get. A learner thinking in Turkish sets up a single mapping 'yapmak = make' (or 'do') and uses it everywhere. This is the main source of mistakes.
- Turkish 'karar vermek' → the verb 'vermek' is not 'give'; in English make a decision.
- Turkish 'fotoğraf çekmek' → 'çekmek' is not 'pull/draw'; in English take a photo.
- Turkish 'ışığı açmak' → 'açmak' is not 'open'; in English turn on the light.
- Turkish 'spor yapmak' → the single verb 'yapmak' pushes us toward 'make sport'; the correct form is do sport / exercise.
- Turkish adjectives don't transfer literally either: 'şiddetli yağmur' → not 'strong' but heavy rain.
Don't carry the single Turkish verb 'yapmak' into English as a single verb; choose between make / do / take / have / get according to context. "do a decision", "make a photo", "strong rain", "open the light" are all products of this word-for-word translation trap.
Dizimler; deyimler ve öbek fiillerle sık karıştırılır. Üçü de 'birden çok kelimeli birim'dir ama aralarında net bir çizgi vardır: dizimde anlam şeffaftır (kelimelerden çıkar), deyimde anlam bütünde gizlidir.
| Yapı | Anlam şeffaf mı? | Örnek | Not |
|---|---|---|---|
| Collocation (dizim) | Evet, kelimelerden anlaşılır | make a decision | Sadece 'hangi kelime hangisiyle' sorusu |
| Idiom (deyim) | Hayır, mecazidir | kick the bucket = ölmek | Bkz. Deyimler |
| Phrasal verb (öbek fiil) | Bazen; fiil+edat anlamı kayar | give up = vazgeçmek | Bkz. Öbek Fiiller |
| Confusable pair | İlgisiz; benzer görünen kelimeler | affect / effect | Bkz. Karıştırılan Kelimeler |
Collocations are often confused with idioms and phrasal verbs. All three are 'multi-word units', but there is a clear line between them: in a collocation the meaning is transparent (you get it from the words), in an idiom the meaning is hidden in the whole.
| Structure | Is the meaning transparent? | Example | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Collocation | Yes, understood from the words | make a decision | Only a 'which word with which' question |
| Idiom | No, it is figurative | kick the bucket = to die | See Idioms |
| Phrasal verb | Sometimes; verb+preposition meaning shifts | give up = to quit | See Phrasal Verbs |
| Confusable pair | Unrelated; words that look similar | affect / effect | See Confusable Words |
Dizimlerde 'kural yok, gelenek var' dediğimiz için istisna kavramı biraz farklı işler: bazı isimler birden fazla fiille dizilir ve fiil değişince anlam da değişir. Bunları 'istisna' değil, 'ikiz dizim' olarak düşünmek daha doğru.
Since we say 'no rule, just tradition' for collocations, the concept of an exception works a little differently: some nouns collocate with more than one verb, and when the verb changes the meaning changes too. It is more accurate to think of these not as 'exceptions' but as 'twin collocations'.
Akademik İngilizcede dizim, metnin ciddiyetini ve doğallığını belirler. Sınav değerlendiricileri ve akademik okuyucular 'lexical resource' (sözcük kaynağı) başlığı altında tam da dizim doğruluğuna bakar. Aşağıdaki dizimler makale, essay ve rapor dilinin çekirdeğidir.
- a growing body of evidence — 'artan kanıt kütlesi', tipik akademik açılış dizimi.
- have a positive effect on — 'make an effect' değil 'have an effect on'.
- draw a conclusion / draw firm conclusions — sonuç 'çekilir'.
- take part in exercise — 'join to exercise' değil, take part in.
- conduct a survey — resmi 'yürütmek'.
- raise a question — soru 'ortaya atılır', 'make a question' değil.
- make a significant difference / make recommendations — make ailesinin akademik dizimleri.
In academic English, collocation determines the seriousness and naturalness of the text. Exam markers and academic readers look precisely at collocation accuracy under the heading 'lexical resource'. The collocations below are the core of the language of articles, essays and reports.
- a growing body of evidence — 'a growing mass of evidence', a typical academic opening collocation.
- have a positive effect on — not 'make an effect' but 'have an effect on'.
- draw a conclusion / draw firm conclusions — a conclusion is 'drawn'.
- take part in exercise — not 'join to exercise', but take part in.
- conduct a survey — the formal 'to carry out'.
- raise a question — a question is 'raised', not 'make a question'.
- make a significant difference / make recommendations — academic collocations of the make family.
- make long sentences / make a decision — aynı 'make' fiili, iki farklı doğru dizim.
- did an important decision (yanlış) → made a decision: metin hatanın düzeltilişini gösteriyor.
- take the problem seriously / take a short break — take ailesi.
- heavy rain vs strong rain — sıfat+isim diziminin kalbi.
- turned it on (not 'open') — Türkçe 'açmak' tuzağı.
- take a photo (not 'make a photo') — klasik hata düzeltmesi.
- pose a risk / make a good impression / do somebody a favour — üç farklı fiil ailesinden akademik-iş dizimi.
- pay attention / draw conclusions / make suggestions / make progress — sabit dizimlerin doğal akışı.
- make long sentences / make a decision — the same verb 'make', two different correct collocations.
- did an important decision (wrong) → made a decision: the text shows the correction of the mistake.
- take the problem seriously / take a short break — the take family.
- heavy rain vs strong rain — the heart of the adjective+noun collocation.
- turned it on (not 'open') — the Turkish 'açmak' trap.
- take a photo (not 'make a photo') — a classic error correction.
- pose a risk / make a good impression / do somebody a favour — business-academic collocations from three different verb families.
- pay attention / draw conclusions / make suggestions / make progress — the natural flow of fixed collocations.
Temel (B1)
Orta (B2)
İleri (C1)
Basic (B1)
Intermediate (B2)
Advanced (C1)
Bu sorular kural değil, anlam ve doğallık sezgisini yoklar. Kendine 'anadili böyle söyler mi?' diye sor.
- 'make' ve 'do' arasındaki en genel ayrım nedir?make = bir şey üretmek/oluşturmak (ürün/sonuç var: make a cake, make a decision); do = görev/emek/belirsiz eylem (do homework, do the dishes). Ürün varsa make, iş/görev varsa do düşün.
- 'heavy' ve 'strong' hangi tür isimlerle dizilir?heavy = yoğunluk/miktar (rain, traffic, smoker); strong = güç/keskinlik (coffee, wind, accent). 'strong rain' değil 'heavy rain'.
- 'take a photo' neden 'make a photo' değildir?Çünkü İngilizcede fotoğraf 'take' fiiliyle dizilmiştir; mantıksal bir sebebi yoktur, gelenekseldir. Dizim mantıkla değil alışkanlıkla öğrenilir.
- Neden 'do a decision' yanlış hissettiriyor?Karar bir sonuç/üründür ve İngilizce onu 'make' ile diziyor; 'do' görev içindir. Gramer doğru olsa da dizim yerleşik değildir, bu yüzden kulağa yanlış gelir.
- Akademik yazıda 'make a conclusion' yerine ne denir?'draw a conclusion' — sonuç İngilizcede 'çekilir'. Akademik dizim tercihleri günlük dilden farklı olabilir.
These questions test not a rule but your intuition for meaning and naturalness. Ask yourself 'would a native say it this way?'.
- What is the most general difference between 'make' and 'do'?make = to produce/create something (there is a product/result: make a cake, make a decision); do = task/effort/unspecified action (do homework, do the dishes). If there is a product think make, if there is a job/task think do.
- What kind of nouns do 'heavy' and 'strong' collocate with?heavy = intensity/amount (rain, traffic, smoker); strong = strength/sharpness (coffee, wind, accent). Not 'strong rain' but 'heavy rain'.
- Why is it 'take a photo' and not 'make a photo'?Because in English a photo collocates with the verb 'take'; there is no logical reason, it is conventional. Collocation is learned by habit, not logic.
- Why does 'do a decision' feel wrong?A decision is a result/product and English collocates it with 'make'; 'do' is for tasks. Even though the grammar is correct, the collocation is not established, so it sounds wrong.
- In academic writing, what is said instead of 'make a conclusion'?'draw a conclusion' — a conclusion is 'drawn' in English. Academic collocation preferences can differ from everyday language.
- You need to ____ a decision before Monday.make
- Did you ____ your homework last night?do
- Let's ____ a break; I'm tired.take
- We ____ lunch at a lovely café yesterday.had
- She finally ____ a new job in Ankara.got
- Please don't ____ so much noise.make
- He ____ a lot of research on the topic. (present perfect)has done
- Can you ____ a photo of the sunset?take
- There was a strong rain all afternoon.There was heavy rain all afternoon. (heavy rain)
- I did a mistake in the calculation.I made a mistake in the calculation. (make a mistake)
- Please make attention to the instructions.Please pay attention to the instructions. (pay attention)
- They make a lot of sport at the weekend.They do a lot of sport at the weekend. (do sport)
- We must do an important decision today.We must make an important decision today. (make a decision)
- He is highly tired after the trip.He is extremely/very tired after the trip. (very tired)
- Bugün önemli bir karar vermeliyiz.We must make an important decision today.
- Lütfen ışığı aç.Please turn on the light.
- Dün gece şiddetli yağmur vardı.There was heavy rain last night.
- Bize bir fotoğrafımızı çeker misin?Can you take a photo of us?
- Rapor önemli bir sonuç çıkarıyor.The report draws an important conclusion.
- Bu bize büyük bir fark yaratır.This makes a big difference for us.
- ____ + attentionpay attention
- ____ + the dishesdo the dishes
- ____ + a showerhave/take a shower
- ____ + progressmake progress
- ____ + responsibilitytake responsibility
- ____ + a favourdo a favour
- You need to ____ a decision before Monday.make
- Did you ____ your homework last night?do
- Let's ____ a break; I'm tired.take
- We ____ lunch at a lovely café yesterday.had
- She finally ____ a new job in Ankara.got
- Please don't ____ so much noise.make
- He ____ a lot of research on the topic. (present perfect)has done
- Can you ____ a photo of the sunset?take
- There was a strong rain all afternoon.There was heavy rain all afternoon. (heavy rain)
- I did a mistake in the calculation.I made a mistake in the calculation. (make a mistake)
- Please make attention to the instructions.Please pay attention to the instructions. (pay attention)
- They make a lot of sport at the weekend.They do a lot of sport at the weekend. (do sport)
- We must do an important decision today.We must make an important decision today. (make a decision)
- He is highly tired after the trip.He is extremely/very tired after the trip. (very tired)
- Bugün önemli bir karar vermeliyiz.We must make an important decision today.
- Lütfen ışığı aç.Please turn on the light.
- Dün gece şiddetli yağmur vardı.There was heavy rain last night.
- Bize bir fotoğrafımızı çeker misin?Can you take a photo of us?
- Rapor önemli bir sonuç çıkarıyor.The report draws an important conclusion.
- Bu bize büyük bir fark yaratır.This makes a big difference for us.
- ____ + attentionpay attention
- ____ + the dishesdo the dishes
- ____ + a showerhave/take a shower
- ____ + progressmake progress
- ____ + responsibilitytake responsibility
- ____ + a favourdo a favour
Görev: Kendi bir gününü (sabahtan akşama) 120–150 kelimeyle anlat ve içine en az 10 farklı dizim yerleştir. make/do/take/have/get ailesinden en az birer örnek; en az iki sıfat+isim dizimi (örn. heavy traffic, strong coffee) kullan.
- Rehber soru 1: Sabah ne 'yaparsın' — have breakfast, take a shower, make a coffee?
- Rehber soru 2: İşte/okulda hangi görevleri 'do' edersin, hangi kararları 'make' edersin?
- Rehber soru 3: Yolda hangi sıfat+isim dizimi geçer — heavy traffic?
- Rehber soru 4: Akşam nasıl 'ara verirsin' ya da 'vakit geçirirsin' — take a break, have fun?
- Örnek metni oku ve içindeki dizimleri işaretle.On weekdays I get up early and take a quick shower. Then I have breakfast and make a strong coffee. There is usually heavy traffic, so I take the bus to save time. At work I do a lot of research and sometimes make difficult decisions. At noon my team and I have lunch together and take a short break. In the afternoon I try to make good progress on my project and pay attention to every detail. After work I do some exercise, and in the evening I have fun with friends or watch a film to get some rest. — Diziler: get up, take a shower, have breakfast, make a coffee, heavy traffic, take the bus, do research, make decisions, have lunch, take a break, make progress, pay attention, do exercise, have fun, get some rest.
Task: Describe one of your own days (from morning to evening) in 120–150 words and place at least 10 different collocations in it. Use at least one example each from the make/do/take/have/get family; use at least two adjective+noun collocations (e.g. heavy traffic, strong coffee).
- Guide question 1: What do you 'do' in the morning — have breakfast, take a shower, make a coffee?
- Guide question 2: At work/school, which tasks do you 'do', which decisions do you 'make'?
- Guide question 3: On the way, which adjective+noun collocation comes up — heavy traffic?
- Guide question 4: In the evening, how do you 'take a break' or 'spend time' — take a break, have fun?
- Read the sample text and mark the collocations in it.On weekdays I get up early and take a quick shower. Then I have breakfast and make a strong coffee. There is usually heavy traffic, so I take the bus to save time. At work I do a lot of research and sometimes make difficult decisions. At noon my team and I have lunch together and take a short break. In the afternoon I try to make good progress on my project and pay attention to every detail. After work I do some exercise, and in the evening I have fun with friends or watch a film to get some rest. — Collocations: get up, take a shower, have breakfast, make a coffee, heavy traffic, take the bus, do research, make decisions, have lunch, take a break, make progress, pay attention, do exercise, have fun, get some rest.
Kavram kontrolü için 'Is a decision a product or a task?' gibi kısa sorular kullan; öğrenci 'product' derse 'make' mantığı oturur. Etkinlik önerisi: dizim avı — öğrenciler bir gün boyunca duydukları/okudukları dizimleri deftere yazar, sınıfta paylaşır. Bir başka etkinlik: sıfat+isim eşleştirme kartları (heavy/strong/fast + rain/coffee/food). Değerlendirmede dilbilgisi doğru ama dizim yanlış cümleleri özellikle işaretle; öğrenci gramer kaygısından çıkıp doğallığa odaklansın. İleri sınıfta Deyimler ve Öbek Fiiller ile köprü kur: 'make a decision' dizim, 'make up your mind' deyimsel öbektir.
For concept checking, use short questions like 'Is a decision a product or a task?'; if the student says 'product', the 'make' logic clicks. Activity idea: collocation hunt — students write the collocations they hear/read over a day in a notebook and share them in class. Another activity: adjective+noun matching cards (heavy/strong/fast + rain/coffee/food). In assessment, specifically mark sentences that are grammatically correct but wrong in collocation; help the student move beyond grammar anxiety and focus on naturalness. In advanced classes, build a bridge with Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: 'make a decision' is a collocation, 'make up your mind' is an idiomatic phrase.
- Collocation = doğal kelime birlikteliği; gramer değil, alışkanlık/gelenek meselesidir.
- En kritik ayrım make (üret/oluştur) vs do (görev/emek): make a decision / do homework.
- take (a photo, a break), have (breakfast, a look), get (a job, married) yüksek frekanslı dizim fiilleridir.
- Sıfat+isim: heavy rain (strong değil), strong coffee (heavy değil) — sıfat isme göre seçilir.
- Zarf+sıfat: highly likely, deeply concerned, bitterly disappointed — pekiştirici sıfata bağlıdır.
- En büyük tuzak Türkçeden birebir çeviri: do a decision, strong rain, make a photo, open the light.
- Akademik dizimler: draw a conclusion, pose a threat, conduct research, play a role, raise a question.
- Dizimi tek kelime değil öbek olarak, anlamı ve edatıyla birlikte öğren.
- Yakın konular: sabit mecaz için Deyimler, fiil+edat için Öbek Fiiller, benzer kelimeler için Karıştırılan Kelimeler.
- Collocation = natural word partnership; a matter of habit/tradition, not grammar.
- The most critical distinction is make (produce/create) vs do (task/effort): make a decision / do homework.
- take (a photo, a break), have (breakfast, a look), get (a job, married) are high-frequency collocation verbs.
- Adjective+noun: heavy rain (not strong), strong coffee (not heavy) — the adjective is chosen to match the noun.
- Adverb+adjective: highly likely, deeply concerned, bitterly disappointed — the intensifier depends on the adjective.
- The biggest trap is word-for-word translation from Turkish: do a decision, strong rain, make a photo, open the light.
- Academic collocations: draw a conclusion, pose a threat, conduct research, play a role, raise a question.
- Learn a collocation as a chunk, not a single word, together with its meaning and preposition.
- Related topics: for fixed figures of speech Idioms, for verb+preposition Phrasal Verbs, for similar words Confusable Words.