Business vocabulary (iş İngilizcesi kelimeleri), iş yerinde profesyonelce iletişim kurmak için ihtiyaç duyduğun hazır kalıplar bütünüdür. Ama burada asıl mesele 'yeni kelimeler ezberlemek' değildir. İş İngilizcesinin kalbi iki şeydir: doğru collocation (hangi kelime hangisiyle gider — meet a deadline, hold a meeting) ve doğru resmiyet düzeyi / register (aynı fikri kime, hangi ortamda söylediğin). İş dünyasında dilbilgisi kusursuz bir cümle bile yanlış tonla söylendiğinde 'acemi' ya da 'kaba' algılanabilir.
Peki bu neden var, neden ayrı bir konu? Çünkü iş dili, günlük İngilizceden bilinçli olarak ayrışmış bir alt-dildir. Aynı istek dört farklı sıcaklıkta söylenebilir: 'Send me the file.' (emir gibi, çok günlük), 'Can you send me the file?' (nötr), 'Could you send me the file, please?' (kibar), 'I would be grateful if you could send me the file.' (resmi). Dördü de doğrudur; ama patronuna birinciyle yazarsan kaba, yeni bir müşteriye üçüncü-dördüncüyle yazarsan profesyonel görünürsün. İş vocabulary'sini öğrenmek, bu ton ayarını öğrenmektir.
Türkçedeki benzeri
Türkçede de iş dili vardır ve anadili olduğumuz için sezgiyle ayarlarız. Bir arkadaşına 'Şunu bir yollasana' derken, müdürüne 'Rica etsem şu dosyayı iletebilir misiniz?' deriz. E-postayı 'Sayın...' ile açar, 'Saygılarımla' ile kapatırız. Yani resmiyet basamaklarını Türkçede zaten kullanıyoruz. Sorun, İngilizcede bu basamakların farklı kelimelerle kurulmasıdır: Türkçedeki nezaketi 'çok please' ekleyerek değil, kalıbı değiştirerek (could/would/I would be grateful) veriyoruz.
Türk öğrenci için neden zor?
- Türkçeden birebir çeviri yanlış collocation üretir: 'toplantı yapmak' → make a meeting (yanlış; hold/have a meeting).
- Resmiyet Türkçede ekle/hitapla, İngilizcede kalıp değişimiyle verilir; öğrenci nezaketi 'please' yığarak sağlamaya çalışır.
- İş e-postasının sabit açılış/kapanış kalıpları (Dear.../Best regards) ezberlenmeden doğal görünmek mümkün değildir.
- Aynı kelimenin günlük ve resmi karşılığı farklıdır: touch base (günlük) ≠ follow up / get in touch (nötr-resmi); öğrenci ikisini ayıramaz.
- Yanlış arkadaş kelimeler (false friends) iş bağlamında sık tuzak: actual ≠ güncel, eventually ≠ eventüel, control ≠ denetlemek her zaman.
Business vocabulary (iş İngilizcesi kelimeleri) is the set of ready-made patterns you need to communicate professionally at work. But the real issue here is not 'memorising new words'. The heart of business English is two things: the right collocation (which word goes with which — meet a deadline, hold a meeting) and the right level of formality / register (to whom and in what setting you say the same idea). In the business world, even a grammatically flawless sentence can come across as 'amateurish' or 'rude' if said in the wrong tone.
So why does this exist, why a separate topic? Because business language is a sub-language that has deliberately split from everyday English. The same request can be made at four different temperatures: 'Send me the file.' (like an order, very casual), 'Can you send me the file?' (neutral), 'Could you send me the file, please?' (polite), 'I would be grateful if you could send me the file.' (formal). All four are correct; but if you write to your boss with the first you seem rude, and if you write to a new client with the third or fourth you seem professional. Learning business vocabulary is learning this tone control.
The Turkish equivalent
Turkish has a business language too, and because it's our mother tongue we tune it by intuition. To a friend we say 'Şunu bir yollasana', to our manager 'Rica etsem şu dosyayı iletebilir misiniz?' We open an email with 'Sayın...' and close it with 'Saygılarımla'. So we already use the steps of formality in Turkish. The problem is that in English these steps are built with different words: we give the politeness of Turkish not by piling on 'please' but by changing the pattern (could/would/I would be grateful).
Why is it hard for a Turkish learner?
- Word-for-word translation from Turkish produces the wrong collocation: 'toplantı yapmak' → make a meeting (wrong; hold/have a meeting).
- In Turkish formality is given by a suffix/form of address, in English by changing the pattern; the learner tries to secure politeness by heaping up 'please'.
- Without memorising the fixed opening/closing patterns of a business email (Dear.../Best regards) it's impossible to look natural.
- The casual and formal versions of the same word differ: touch base (casual) ≠ follow up / get in touch (neutral-formal); the learner can't separate the two.
- False friends are a frequent trap in a business context: actual ≠ 'güncel', eventually ≠ 'eventüel', control ≠ 'to check' always.
- İş İngilizcesinin özü iki şeydir: doğru collocation (meet a deadline, hold a meeting) ve doğru resmiyet / register (Can you / Could you / I would be grateful).
- Toplantı dili: schedule/set up/arrange a meeting (ayarlamak), hold a meeting (gerçekleştirmek), chair a meeting (yönetmek), postpone/call off (ertelemek/iptal), agenda, minutes (tutanak).
- E-posta dili: açılış (Dear.../I am writing to...), gövde (Please find attached, with reference to), kapanış (I look forward to hearing from you, Best regards).
- Deadline dili: meet a deadline (yetişmek), miss a deadline (kaçırmak), extend/push back (uzatmak), a tight deadline (sıkışık süre).
- Müzakere dili: reach/come to an agreement, meet halfway (orta yolda buluşmak), close a deal (anlaşmayı bağlamak), common ground (ortak zemin), the bottom line (esas mesele).
- Rapor dili: draw up/prepare a report, key findings (temel bulgular), take into account (hesaba katmak), going forward (bundan sonra), in light of (ışığında).
- Register üç çizgi: informal (touch base, ASAP, get the ball rolling) — neutral (follow up, as soon as possible) — formal (with reference to, on behalf of, I would be grateful).
- En büyük tuzak birebir çeviri: make a meeting, do an agreement, I send you attached, open the light of the meeting — hepsi Türkçe/başka dil etkisidir.
- Buzzword'ler (synergy, leverage, think outside the box) iş dilinde var ama abartısı yapmacık görünür; sadeliği (plain English) tercih et.
- Yakın konular: doğal kelime birliktelikleri için Eş Dizimler (Collocations), günlük kalıplar için Günlük İfadeler, karışan kelimeler için Karıştırılan Kelimeler.
- The essence of business English is two things: the right collocation (meet a deadline, hold a meeting) and the right formality / register (Can you / Could you / I would be grateful).
- Meeting language: schedule/set up/arrange a meeting (to set up), hold a meeting (to conduct), chair a meeting (to run), postpone/call off (to postpone/cancel), agenda, minutes.
- Email language: opening (Dear.../I am writing to...), body (Please find attached, with reference to), closing (I look forward to hearing from you, Best regards).
- Deadline language: meet a deadline (to make it), miss a deadline (to miss it), extend/push back (to extend), a tight deadline (a squeezed schedule).
- Negotiation language: reach/come to an agreement, meet halfway, close a deal, common ground, the bottom line.
- Report language: draw up/prepare a report, key findings, take into account, going forward, in light of.
- Register has three lines: informal (touch base, ASAP, get the ball rolling) — neutral (follow up, as soon as possible) — formal (with reference to, on behalf of, I would be grateful).
- The biggest trap is word-for-word translation: make a meeting, do an agreement, I send you attached, open the light of the meeting — all are influence from Turkish/another language.
- Buzzwords (synergy, leverage, think outside the box) exist in business language but overdoing them looks fake; prefer plain English.
- Related topics: for natural word partnerships Collocations, for everyday patterns Everyday Expressions, for confusable words Confusable Words.
İş vocabulary'sinin 'çekimi' yoktur; onun yerine iki ekseni birlikte kurmayı öğrenirsin: (1) doğru collocation — hangi fiil/isim/sıfat birlikte gider; (2) doğru register — aynı fikri hangi resmiyette söylersin. Aşağıdaki kalıplar bu iki eksenin iskeletidir.
Resmiyet basamağı (register ladder)
Aynı istek üç-dört basamakta söylenebilir. Formül basittir: emir → soru → modal soru → dolaylı resmi kalıp. Basamak yükseldikçe cümle uzar ve dolaylılaşır; dolaylılık İngilizcede nezaketin ta kendisidir.
- Emir — en günlük, ekip içi: Send me the file.
- Soru — nötr, çoğu bağlam: Can you send me the file?
- Modal soru — kibar, standart e-posta: Could you send me the file, please?
- Dolaylı resmi kalıp — müşteri/üst yönetim: I would be grateful if you could send me the file.
| Düzey | Kalıp | Kime / nerede |
|---|---|---|
| Informal | Send me the file. / Can you send the file? | Yakın iş arkadaşı, ekip içi sohbet |
| Neutral | Could you send me the file, please? | Standart iş e-postası, çoğu bağlam |
| Formal | I would be grateful if you could send me the file. | Müşteri, üst yönetim, ilk temas |
| Very formal | Would you be so kind as to forward the file at your earliest convenience? | Resmi yazışma, hassas bağlam |
İş collocation'ının kuruluşu
Formül: [doğru fiil] + (a/an/the) + iş ismi. Fiil yanlış olursa gramer doğru olsa bile 'İngilizce değil' hissi verir. En kritik dört fiil ailesi: hold (a meeting), meet (a deadline/target), reach (an agreement), draw up (a report/contract).
Olumsuz ve soru (iş bağlamında)
İş kalıpları olumsuza ve soruya normal yardımcı-fiil davranışıyla girer; collocation ortağı değişmez. Yani 'meet the deadline' olumsuzda 'not meet the deadline' olur, ismi değişmez. Resmi soruda ise doğrudan 'Did you...?' yerine dolaylı kalıp tercih edilir: 'I was wondering if you had...'.
| Soru | Kısa yanıt | Not |
|---|---|---|
| Have you sent the report? | Yes, I have — please find it attached. | Cevapta kalıp kısalır, ek bilgisi eklenir. |
| Did we meet the target? | No, we didn't, unfortunately. | Collocation tekrar edilmez, yardımcı fiil yeter. |
Business vocabulary has no 'conjugation'; instead you learn to build two axes together: (1) the right collocation — which verb/noun/adjective goes together; (2) the right register — at what level of formality you say the same idea. The patterns below are the skeleton of these two axes.
The formality ladder (register ladder)
The same request can be said at three or four steps. The formula is simple: order → question → modal question → indirect formal pattern. As you climb, the sentence gets longer and more indirect; and indirectness is the very essence of politeness in English.
- Order — most casual, within the team: Send me the file.
- Question — neutral, most contexts: Can you send me the file?
- Modal question — polite, standard email: Could you send me the file, please?
- Indirect formal pattern — client/senior management: I would be grateful if you could send me the file.
| Level | Pattern | To whom / where |
|---|---|---|
| Informal | Send me the file. / Can you send the file? | A close colleague, chat within the team |
| Neutral | Could you send me the file, please? | Standard business email, most contexts |
| Formal | I would be grateful if you could send me the file. | Client, senior management, first contact |
| Very formal | Would you be so kind as to forward the file at your earliest convenience? | Formal correspondence, sensitive context |
Building a business collocation
Formula: [the right verb] + (a/an/the) + business noun. If the verb is wrong, even with correct grammar it gives the feeling of 'not English'. The four most critical verb families: hold (a meeting), meet (a deadline/target), reach (an agreement), draw up (a report/contract).
Negative and question (in a business context)
Business patterns go into the negative and question with normal auxiliary-verb behaviour; the collocation partner does not change. So 'meet the deadline' becomes 'not meet the deadline' in the negative, the noun doesn't change. In a formal question, an indirect pattern is preferred over a plain 'Did you...?': 'I was wondering if you had...'.
| Question | Short answer | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Have you sent the report? | Yes, I have — please find it attached. | In the answer the pattern shortens and extra information is added. |
| Did we meet the target? | No, we didn't, unfortunately. | The collocation isn't repeated, the auxiliary verb is enough. |
İş İngilizcesini dört ana ortama göre öğrenmek en verimlisidir: toplantılar, e-postalar, müzakereler ve raporlar. En sık kullanılandan özele doğru gidelim.
Toplantı
Ayarla, gerçekleştir, yönet: schedule / hold / chair a meeting; gündem agenda, tutanak minutes.
E-posta
Aç, ilet, kapat: I am writing to… / Please find attached / Best regards.
Müzakere & Rapor
reach an agreement, meet halfway, close a deal; draw up a report, key findings, going forward.
1) Toplantı dili (meetings)
Toplantı fiilleri sırayla düşün: önce ayarlanır (schedule/set up/arrange), sonra gerçekleştirilir (hold/have), biri yönetir (chair), gerekirse ertelenir/iptal edilir (postpone/call off). Gündem 'agenda', tutanak 'minutes', karar maddeleri 'action points'tır.
2) E-posta dili (emails)
İş e-postası üç sabit bölümden oluşur ve her bölümün hazır kalıpları vardır. Açılış: Dear Mr/Ms... / Hi... + neden yazdığın (I am writing to...). Gövde: bilgi/ek (Please find attached...), gönderme (With reference to your email...). Kapanış: bir sonraki adım (I look forward to hearing from you) + imza (Best regards / Kind regards).
3) Deadline ve zaman baskısı dili
4) Müzakere dili (negotiations, B2–C1)
5) Rapor ve sunum dili (reports, C1)
The most efficient way to learn business English is by its four main settings: meetings, emails, negotiations and reports. Let's move from the most common to the more specialised.
Meeting
Set up, hold, run: schedule / hold / chair a meeting; agenda agenda, minutes minutes.
Open, send, close: I am writing to… / Please find attached / Best regards.
Negotiation & Report
reach an agreement, meet halfway, close a deal; draw up a report, key findings, going forward.
1) Meeting language (meetings)
Think of the meeting verbs in order: first it is set up (schedule/set up/arrange), then it is held (hold/have), someone runs it (chair), and if needed it is postponed/cancelled (postpone/call off). The agenda is 'agenda', the record is 'minutes', decision items are 'action points'.
2) Email language (emails)
A business email consists of three fixed parts, and each part has ready-made patterns. Opening: Dear Mr/Ms... / Hi... + why you're writing (I am writing to...). Body: information/attachment (Please find attached...), reference (With reference to your email...). Closing: the next step (I look forward to hearing from you) + sign-off (Best regards / Kind regards).
3) Deadline and time-pressure language
4) Negotiation language (negotiations, B2–C1)
5) Report and presentation language (reports, C1)
İş dilinde 'zaman ifadeleri' yerine iki tür sinyal işine yarar: (1) hangi ismin hangi fiili çağırdığını gösteren collocation tetikleyicileri; (2) bir sözün resmi mi günlük mü olduğunu ele veren register sinyalleri. Aşağıdaki tablolar 'bunu görürsen büyük olasılıkla şu' mantığıyla düşünülmelidir.
Bir iş ismi görür görmez doğru fiili refleksle hatırla: meeting → hold, deadline → meet, agreement → reach, report → draw up. Bu dört eşleşme tek başına çoğu collocation sorusunu çözer.
| İsim / öbek | Sık fiil | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| meeting / conference / call | hold / set up | hold a meeting |
| deadline / target / quota | meet | meet the target |
| agreement / consensus / compromise | reach / come to | reach a consensus |
| report / contract / proposal | draw up / prepare | draw up a proposal |
| deal | close / strike | close a deal |
| attention / a compliment / a visit | pay | pay a visit |
| a decision / an offer / progress | make | make an offer |
| Günlük (informal) | Nötr (neutral) | Resmi (formal) |
|---|---|---|
| touch base | follow up | get in touch / contact |
| ASAP | as soon as possible | at your earliest convenience |
| get the ball rolling | start / begin | commence / initiate |
| a heads-up | advance notice | prior notification |
| Cheers / Thanks! | Thanks / Best | Kind regards / Yours sincerely |
| sort out | deal with / resolve | address / resolve |
In business language, instead of 'time expressions' two kinds of signal are useful: (1) collocation triggers that show which noun calls which verb; (2) register signals that give away whether an utterance is formal or casual. The tables below should be read with the logic 'if you see this, most likely that'.
The moment you see a business noun, reflexively recall the right verb: meeting → hold, deadline → meet, agreement → reach, report → draw up. These four matches alone solve most collocation questions.
| Noun / phrase | Frequent verb | Example |
|---|---|---|
| meeting / conference / call | hold / set up | hold a meeting |
| deadline / target / quota | meet | meet the target |
| agreement / consensus / compromise | reach / come to | reach a consensus |
| report / contract / proposal | draw up / prepare | draw up a proposal |
| deal | close / strike | close a deal |
| attention / a compliment / a visit | pay | pay a visit |
| a decision / an offer / progress | make | make an offer |
| Informal | Neutral | Formal |
|---|---|---|
| touch base | follow up | get in touch / contact |
| ASAP | as soon as possible | at your earliest convenience |
| get the ball rolling | start / begin | commence / initiate |
| a heads-up | advance notice | prior notification |
| Cheers / Thanks! | Thanks / Best | Kind regards / Yours sincerely |
| sort out | deal with / resolve | address / resolve |
İş dilinde aynı kavramın farklı kelimeyle söylenmesi çoğu zaman tonu ve niyeti değiştirir. Doğru kelime yalnızca 'doğru' değil, doğru etkiyi yaratandır. İşte en önemli incelikler.
Kesinlik ve sorumluluk da kelimeyle ayarlanır. Edilgen çatı iş dilinde sık kullanılır çünkü suçu kişiselleştirmeden sorun bildirmeyi sağlar: 'A mistake was made' (bir hata yapıldı) 'You made a mistake'ten çok daha diplomatiktir. Benzer şekilde 'I'm afraid...', 'Unfortunately...', 'It seems that...' kötü haberi nazikçe çerçeveler.
In business language, saying the same concept with a different word often changes the tone and intention. The right word is not merely the 'correct' one but the one that creates the right effect. Here are the most important nuances.
Certainty and responsibility are also tuned by word choice. The passive voice is used a lot in business language because it lets you report a problem without personalising blame: 'A mistake was made' is far more diplomatic than 'You made a mistake'. Similarly, 'I'm afraid...', 'Unfortunately...', 'It seems that...' frame bad news politely.
Türkçe iş dili ile İngilizce iş dili farklı 'kablolarla' çalışır. Türkçe düşünen öğrenci iki tuzağa düşer: (1) iş collocation'ını birebir çevirir ('toplantı yapmak → make a meeting'); (2) nezaketi kalıp değil kelime yığarak ('please, please') vermeye çalışır. İşte en sık kırılma noktaları.
Türkçe mantığı
Fiil birebir çevrilir, nezaket 'please' ekleyerek verilir: "make a meeting", "do an agreement", "I send you attached".
İngilizce mantığı
Yerleşik dizim ve kalıp seçilir, nezaket yapıyla gelir: "hold a meeting", "reach an agreement", "Please find attached".
- Türkçe 'toplantı yapmak' → 'yapmak' 'make' değil; İngilizce hold / have a meeting.
- Türkçe 'anlaşma yapmak' → 'yapmak' 'do' değil; İngilizce reach an agreement / close a deal.
- Türkçe 'ekte gönderiyorum' → birebir 'I send in attach' değil; İngilizce Please find attached....
- Türkçe nezaket ekle ('...ir misiniz acaba') verilir; İngilizce nezaket kalıpla (could/would/I would be grateful) verilir, sadece 'please' eklemekle değil.
- Türkçe 'ilgilenmek' iş bağlamında 'deal with / handle'dır; 'I interest with it' YANLIŞ.
Nezaketi please tekrarıyla değil, kalıbı yükselterek ver; iş fiillerini Türkçeden birebir çevirme. "Please, please answer fast" baskıcı görünür — doğrusu "I would be grateful if you could reply as soon as possible."
Turkish business language and English business language run on different 'wiring'. The learner who thinks in Turkish falls into two traps: (1) translates the business collocation word-for-word ('toplantı yapmak → make a meeting'); (2) tries to give politeness by piling up words instead of using a pattern ('please, please'). Here are the most frequent breaking points.
Turkish logic
The verb is translated literally, politeness is given by adding 'please': "make a meeting", "do an agreement", "I send you attached".
English logic
An established collocation and pattern are chosen, politeness comes from the structure: "hold a meeting", "reach an agreement", "Please find attached".
- Turkish 'toplantı yapmak' → 'yapmak' is not 'make'; English hold / have a meeting.
- Turkish 'anlaşma yapmak' → 'yapmak' is not 'do'; English reach an agreement / close a deal.
- Turkish 'ekte gönderiyorum' → not the literal 'I send in attach'; English Please find attached....
- Turkish politeness is given by a suffix ('...ir misiniz acaba'); English politeness is given by the pattern (could/would/I would be grateful), not just by adding 'please'.
- Turkish 'ilgilenmek' in a business context is 'deal with / handle'; 'I interest with it' is WRONG.
Give politeness not by repeating please but by raising the pattern; don't translate business verbs literally from Turkish. "Please, please answer fast" looks pushy — the correct version is "I would be grateful if you could reply as soon as possible."
İş vocabulary'si; genel collocation'lar, günlük ifadeler ve kolay karışan kelimelerle iç içedir. Fark, iş dilinin ek bir katman taşımasıdır: register/uygunluk. Aynı collocation bilgisi burada 'resmiyet' filtresinden geçer.
| Konu | Ne öğretir | Örnek | Not |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business vocabulary | İş bağlamı + doğru register | hold a meeting / follow up | Bu bölüm |
| Collocations (genel) | Hangi kelime hangisiyle gider | make a decision, heavy rain | Bkz. Eş Dizimler (Collocations) |
| Everyday expressions | Günlük konuşma kalıpları | How's it going? / no worries | Bkz. Günlük İfadeler |
| Confusable words | Benzer görünen karışan kelimeler | affect/effect, actual/current | Bkz. Karıştırılan Kelimeler |
Business vocabulary is intertwined with general collocations, everyday expressions and easily confused words. The difference is that business language carries an extra layer: register/appropriacy. The same collocation knowledge passes here through a 'formality' filter.
| Topic | What it teaches | Example | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business vocabulary | Business context + the right register | hold a meeting / follow up | This section |
| Collocations (general) | Which word goes with which | make a decision, heavy rain | See Collocations |
| Everyday expressions | Everyday conversational patterns | How's it going? / no worries | See Everyday Expressions |
| Confusable words | Similar-looking words that get confused | affect/effect, actual/current | See Confusable Words |
İş dilinde 'istisna' çoğu zaman bölgesel (BrE/AmE) tercih ya da register kayması demektir. Bir kalıp bir bağlamda doğru, diğerinde tuhaf olabilir. Bunları 'hata' değil, 'bağlama göre değişen tercih' olarak düşün.
In business language an 'exception' often means a regional (BrE/AmE) preference or a shift of register. A pattern can be correct in one context and odd in another. Think of these not as 'mistakes' but as 'preferences that change with context'.
Resmi iş yazısında (rapor, teklif, resmi e-posta) dil nesnel, temkinli ve yapılandırılmış olur. Günlük jargon (touch base, get the ball rolling) yerini resmi karşılıklarına (follow up, initiate) bırakır; edilgen çatı ve hedging (temkinli dil) öne çıkar. Aşağıdaki kalıplar resmi iş ve akademik-iş dilinin belkemiğidir.
- Following our recent meeting — resmi açılış geçişi; 'after' yerine 'following'.
- the key findings ... conducted last quarter — key findings + conduct a survey, rapor collocation'ları.
- With reference to / In light of — resmi gönderme ve gerekçelendirme kalıpları.
- draw attention to three main issues — 'dikkat çekmek', resmi dizim.
- were not followed up within the agreed timeframe — follow up (edilgen) + timeframe iş kelimesi.
- kept informed / kept updated — müşteriyi 'bilgilendirmek/güncel tutmak' kalıpları.
- going forward ... meet our targets — bundan sonra + hedefe ulaşmak.
- please do not hesitate to contact us — klasik nazik resmi kapanış.
In formal business writing (a report, a proposal, a formal email) the language is objective, cautious and structured. Casual jargon (touch base, get the ball rolling) gives way to its formal counterparts (follow up, initiate); the passive voice and hedging (cautious language) come to the fore. The patterns below are the backbone of formal business and academic-business language.
- Following our recent meeting — a formal opening transition; 'following' instead of 'after'.
- the key findings ... conducted last quarter — key findings + conduct a survey, report collocations.
- With reference to / In light of — formal reference and justification patterns.
- draw attention to three main issues — 'to draw attention to', a formal collocation.
- were not followed up within the agreed timeframe — follow up (passive) + timeframe, a business word.
- kept informed / kept updated — patterns for 'keeping the client informed/updated'.
- going forward ... meet our targets — from now on + to meet a target.
- please do not hesitate to contact us — the classic polite formal closing.
- set up a meeting / hold a meeting (not 'make') — toplantı collocation'ının kalbi.
- circle back / follow up — informal iş jargonu; ekip içi ton.
- 'I want you to... fast, urgent!!!' → 'Could you possibly...? We would be grateful if...' — register basamağının canlı gösterimi.
- meet a deadline vs miss a deadline — 'meet like a friend, miss like a bus' mnemoniğinin metne yerleşmesi.
- I look forward to hearing from you / Best regards / Please find attached — sabit e-posta kapanış ve ek kalıpları.
- common ground / meet halfway — müzakere dili.
- chair a meeting / draw up a report / follow up with clients — üç farklı iş ortamından collocation.
- register = doğru tonu doğru kişiye söyleme sanatı — bölümün ana tezinin özeti.
- set up a meeting / hold a meeting (not 'make') — the heart of the meeting collocation.
- circle back / follow up — informal business jargon; a within-team tone.
- 'I want you to... fast, urgent!!!' → 'Could you possibly...? We would be grateful if...' — a live demonstration of the register ladder.
- meet a deadline vs miss a deadline — the 'meet like a friend, miss like a bus' mnemonic embedded in the text.
- I look forward to hearing from you / Best regards / Please find attached — fixed email closing and attachment patterns.
- common ground / meet halfway — negotiation language.
- chair a meeting / draw up a report / follow up with clients — collocations from three different business settings.
- register = the art of saying the right thing in the right tone to the right person — a summary of the section's main thesis.
Temel (B1)
Orta (B2)
İleri (C1)
Basic (B1)
Intermediate (B2)
Advanced (C1)
Bu sorular kural değil, uygunluk ve anlam sezgisini yoklar. Kendine 'bir profesyonel bunu böyle söyler mi, bu ton bu kişiye uygun mu?' diye sor.
- 'Hold a meeting' ile 'set up a meeting' arasındaki fark nedir?'set up / schedule / arrange a meeting' = toplantıyı önceden ayarlamak/planlamak; 'hold / have a meeting' = toplantıyı fiilen gerçekleştirmek. Biri planlama, diğeri icra aşamasıdır.
- Aynı ricayı patronuna ve yakın bir iş arkadaşına nasıl farklı söylersin?Yakın arkadaş: 'Can you send me the file?' (nötr-günlük). Patron/müşteri: 'Could you send me the file, please?' ya da 'I would be grateful if you could...' (resmi). Fark kelime değil, register/kalıptır.
- Neden 'I look forward to hear from you' yanlıştır?'look forward to' kalıbındaki 'to' bir edattır, mastar değil; ardından -ing gelir: 'hearing'. Doğrusu 'I look forward to hearing from you'dur.
- 'touch base' ile 'follow up' arasındaki register farkı nedir?'touch base' günlük/informal (kısaca temas kur); 'follow up' daha nötr-resmi (bir konunun takibini yap). Resmi e-postada 'follow up' ya da 'get in touch' seçilir.
- İngiliz iş yazışmasında 'Dear Sir or Madam' ile hangi kapanış kullanılır?'Yours faithfully'. İsmini bildiğin kişiye (Dear Mr Smith) ise 'Yours sincerely'. Nötr güvenli seçenek her ikisinde de 'Best regards / Kind regards'dır.
These questions test not rules but your sense of appropriacy and meaning. Ask yourself 'would a professional say it this way, is this tone suited to this person?'
- What is the difference between 'hold a meeting' and 'set up a meeting'?'set up / schedule / arrange a meeting' = to arrange/plan the meeting in advance; 'hold / have a meeting' = to actually hold the meeting. One is the planning stage, the other the execution stage.
- How do you say the same request differently to your boss and to a close colleague?Close colleague: 'Can you send me the file?' (neutral-casual). Boss/client: 'Could you send me the file, please?' or 'I would be grateful if you could...' (formal). The difference is not the words but the register/pattern.
- Why is 'I look forward to hear from you' wrong?The 'to' in the 'look forward to' pattern is a preposition, not an infinitive; -ing follows: 'hearing'. The correct form is 'I look forward to hearing from you'.
- What is the register difference between 'touch base' and 'follow up'?'touch base' is casual/informal (make brief contact); 'follow up' is more neutral-formal (track a matter). In a formal email you choose 'follow up' or 'get in touch'.
- In British business correspondence, which sign-off is used with 'Dear Sir or Madam'?'Yours faithfully'. To someone whose name you know (Dear Mr Smith), 'Yours sincerely'. The neutral safe option in both cases is 'Best regards / Kind regards'.
- We need to ____ a meeting to discuss the budget. (gerçekleştirmek)hold (ya da have)
- Can we ____ up a quick call for tomorrow?set
- The team worked hard to ____ the deadline.meet
- After long talks, both sides finally ____ an agreement.reached
- Our lawyer will ____ up the contract this week.draw
- I'll ____ up with the supplier on Monday.follow
- Please find the invoice ____ to this email.attached
- We had to ____ the meeting until next week.postpone
- I want you to send the report today.Could you send the report today, please? (emir tonu → nazik modal)
- We will make a meeting on Friday.We will hold / have a meeting on Friday. (make a meeting → hold/have)
- We lost the deadline for the delivery.We missed the deadline for the delivery. (lose → miss a deadline)
- I look forward to hear from you.I look forward to hearing from you. (to + -ing)
- We did an agreement with the new supplier.We reached an agreement with the new supplier. (do → reach an agreement)
- Dear Sir or Madam, ... Yours sincerely,Dear Sir or Madam, ... Yours faithfully, (bilinmeyen isim → faithfully)
- Perşembeye bir toplantı ayarlayabilir miyiz?Could we set up / arrange a meeting for Thursday?
- Raporu ekte bulabilirsiniz.Please find the report attached. (ya da: I have attached the report.)
- Cuma gününe kadar dönerseniz memnun oluruz.We would be grateful if you could reply by Friday.
- Sonunda bir anlaşmaya vardık.We finally reached an agreement.
- Bu konuda gün sonuna kadar sana dönerim.I'll get back to you on this by end of day.
- Sizden haber almayı bekliyorum. Saygılarımla.I look forward to hearing from you. Best regards, / Kind regards,
- a) as soon as possible b) ASAP c) at your earliest convenienceb (ASAP, günlük) → a (as soon as possible, nötr) → c (at your earliest convenience, resmi)
- a) follow up b) get in touch / contact c) touch basec (touch base, günlük) → a (follow up, nötr) → b (contact / get in touch, resmi)
- a) Could you send it, please? b) Send it. c) I would be grateful if you could send it.b (Send it., emir/günlük) → a (Could you..., nötr-kibar) → c (I would be grateful..., resmi)
- We need to ____ a meeting to discuss the budget. (to hold)hold (or have)
- Can we ____ up a quick call for tomorrow?set
- The team worked hard to ____ the deadline.meet
- After long talks, both sides finally ____ an agreement.reached
- Our lawyer will ____ up the contract this week.draw
- I'll ____ up with the supplier on Monday.follow
- Please find the invoice ____ to this email.attached
- We had to ____ the meeting until next week.postpone
- I want you to send the report today.Could you send the report today, please? (order tone → polite modal)
- We will make a meeting on Friday.We will hold / have a meeting on Friday. (make a meeting → hold/have)
- We lost the deadline for the delivery.We missed the deadline for the delivery. (lose → miss a deadline)
- I look forward to hear from you.I look forward to hearing from you. (to + -ing)
- We did an agreement with the new supplier.We reached an agreement with the new supplier. (do → reach an agreement)
- Dear Sir or Madam, ... Yours sincerely,Dear Sir or Madam, ... Yours faithfully, (unknown name → faithfully)
- Perşembeye bir toplantı ayarlayabilir miyiz?Could we set up / arrange a meeting for Thursday?
- Raporu ekte bulabilirsiniz.Please find the report attached. (or: I have attached the report.)
- Cuma gününe kadar dönerseniz memnun oluruz.We would be grateful if you could reply by Friday.
- Sonunda bir anlaşmaya vardık.We finally reached an agreement.
- Bu konuda gün sonuna kadar sana dönerim.I'll get back to you on this by end of day.
- Sizden haber almayı bekliyorum. Saygılarımla.I look forward to hearing from you. Best regards, / Kind regards,
- a) as soon as possible b) ASAP c) at your earliest convenienceb (ASAP, casual) → a (as soon as possible, neutral) → c (at your earliest convenience, formal)
- a) follow up b) get in touch / contact c) touch basec (touch base, casual) → a (follow up, neutral) → b (contact / get in touch, formal)
- a) Could you send it, please? b) Send it. c) I would be grateful if you could send it.b (Send it., order/casual) → a (Could you..., neutral-polite) → c (I would be grateful..., formal)
Görev: Bir müşteriye ya da meslektaşına, 100–130 kelimelik resmi bir iş e-postası yaz. Bir toplantı ayarlamayı öner, bir dosyayı ekle ve bir teslim tarihi teyit iste. İçine en az 6 iş kalıbı yerleştir (örn. I am writing to..., Please find attached, set up a meeting, meet the deadline, I would be grateful if..., I look forward to hearing from you) ve baştan sona tutarlı bir resmi register koru.
- Rehber soru 1: E-postayı nasıl açacaksın — Dear...? Neden yazıyorsun (I am writing to...)?
- Rehber soru 2: Hangi dosyayı ekliyorsun ve bunu nasıl söyleyeceksin (Please find attached...)?
- Rehber soru 3: Toplantıyı nasıl önereceksin (Could we set up... / Would you be available...)?
- Rehber soru 4: Teslim tarihini nasıl teyit isteyeceksin ve nazikçe nasıl kapatacaksın (I would be grateful... / I look forward to...)?
- Örnek e-postayı oku ve içindeki iş kalıplarını işaretle.Dear Ms Aydın, I am writing to follow up on our recent conversation about the spring campaign. Please find attached the draft proposal for your review. Could we set up a short meeting next week to discuss the details? I would be grateful if you could also confirm whether we can still meet the deadline of 30 April. I look forward to hearing from you. Best regards, Kerem Demir. — Kalıplar: Dear Ms..., I am writing to follow up on..., Please find attached, for your review, Could we set up a meeting, I would be grateful if you could..., meet the deadline, I look forward to hearing from you, Best regards.
Task: Write a formal business email of 100–130 words to a client or colleague. Propose setting up a meeting, attach a file and ask for confirmation of a deadline. Fit in at least 6 business patterns (e.g. I am writing to..., Please find attached, set up a meeting, meet the deadline, I would be grateful if..., I look forward to hearing from you) and keep a consistent formal register from start to finish.
- Guiding question 1: How will you open the email — Dear...? Why are you writing (I am writing to...)?
- Guiding question 2: Which file are you attaching and how will you say it (Please find attached...)?
- Guiding question 3: How will you propose the meeting (Could we set up... / Would you be available...)?
- Guiding question 4: How will you ask for confirmation of the deadline and close politely (I would be grateful... / I look forward to...)?
- Read the sample email and mark the business patterns in it.Dear Ms Aydın, I am writing to follow up on our recent conversation about the spring campaign. Please find attached the draft proposal for your review. Could we set up a short meeting next week to discuss the details? I would be grateful if you could also confirm whether we can still meet the deadline of 30 April. I look forward to hearing from you. Best regards, Kerem Demir. — Patterns: Dear Ms..., I am writing to follow up on..., Please find attached, for your review, Could we set up a meeting, I would be grateful if you could..., meet the deadline, I look forward to hearing from you, Best regards.
Kavram kontrolü için 'Is this formal or informal? Who would you write this to?' gibi kısa sorular kullan; öğrenci kelimenin doğruluğundan çok uygunluğuna odaklansın. Etkinlik önerileri: (1) register sıralama — kartlara yazılı ifadeleri (ASAP / as soon as possible / at your earliest convenience) günlükten resmiye dizdir; (2) e-posta yeniden yazımı — kaba/emir tonlu bir e-postayı öğrenciler nazik register'a çevirsin; (3) rol yapma müzakere — iki grup fiyat üzerinde 'meet halfway' ve 'common ground' arasın. Değerlendirmede gramer doğru ama register yanlış cümleleri özellikle işaretle. İleri sınıfta hedging (temkinli dil) ve edilgen diplomasisini ('A mistake was made') tanıt; genel collocation temeli için Eş Dizimler (Collocations), günlük kalıplar için Günlük İfadeler ile köprü kur.
For concept checking use short questions like 'Is this formal or informal? Who would you write this to?'; let the student focus less on the correctness of the word and more on its appropriacy. Activity suggestions: (1) register ordering — have students order expressions written on cards (ASAP / as soon as possible / at your earliest convenience) from casual to formal; (2) email rewriting — students turn a rude/order-toned email into a polite register; (3) role-play negotiation — two groups look for 'meet halfway' and 'common ground' over a price. In assessment, specifically flag sentences where the grammar is right but the register is wrong. In an advanced class, introduce hedging (cautious language) and the diplomacy of the passive ('A mistake was made'); bridge to Collocations for a general collocation base and Everyday Expressions for casual patterns.
- İş İngilizcesinin özü iki eksendir: doğru collocation (hold a meeting, meet a deadline) ve doğru register (Can you / Could you / I would be grateful).
- Nezaket kelime yığmakla değil kalıpla verilir: cümle uzadıkça ve dolaylılaştıkça resmiyet artar.
- Toplantı: schedule/set up (ayarla), hold/have (gerçekleştir), chair (yönet), postpone/call off (ertele/iptal).
- E-posta: I am writing to... / Please find attached / with reference to / I look forward to hearing from you / Best regards.
- Deadline: meet (yetiş) — miss (kaçır) — extend/push back (uzat); 'lose a deadline' YANLIŞ.
- Müzakere: reach an agreement, meet halfway, close a deal, common ground, the bottom line.
- Rapor: draw up a report, key findings, take into account, going forward, in light of.
- Register üç çizgi: informal (touch base, ASAP) — neutral (follow up) — formal (with reference to, on behalf of).
- En büyük tuzak birebir çeviri: make a meeting, do an agreement, I send you attached, I look forward to hear.
- Yakın konular: genel dizimler için Eş Dizimler (Collocations), günlük kalıplar için Günlük İfadeler, karışan kelimeler için Karıştırılan Kelimeler.
- The essence of business English is two axes: the right collocation (hold a meeting, meet a deadline) and the right register (Can you / Could you / I would be grateful).
- Politeness is given not by piling up words but by a pattern: as the sentence gets longer and more indirect, formality increases.
- Meeting: schedule/set up (arrange), hold/have (conduct), chair (run), postpone/call off (postpone/cancel).
- Email: I am writing to... / Please find attached / with reference to / I look forward to hearing from you / Best regards.
- Deadline: meet (make it) — miss (miss it) — extend/push back (extend); 'lose a deadline' is WRONG.
- Negotiation: reach an agreement, meet halfway, close a deal, common ground, the bottom line.
- Report: draw up a report, key findings, take into account, going forward, in light of.
- Register has three lines: informal (touch base, ASAP) — neutral (follow up) — formal (with reference to, on behalf of).
- The biggest trap is word-for-word translation: make a meeting, do an agreement, I send you attached, I look forward to hear.
- Related topics: for general collocations Collocations, for everyday patterns Everyday Expressions, for confusable words Confusable Words.