Academic Word List (AWL) Sublist 4, akademik metinlerde en sık geçen dördüncü kelime grubudur. Bu sayfada 57 headword'ün aileleri, IELTS bağlamındaki kullanımları ve sınavda puan kazandıran collocation kalıpları işlenir.
Academic Word List (AWL) Sublist 4 is the fourth group of words that appears most frequently in academic texts. This page covers the families of 57 headwords, their uses in the context of IELTS, and collocation patterns that earn points in the exam.
AWL Sublist 4, akademik İngilizcede yüksek frekansla geçen 57 çekirdek kelimeyi (ör. access, hypothesis, subsequent) kapsar. Bu sayfa her headword'ün kelime ailesini, IELTS Writing ve Speaking için örnek cümleleri, collocation kalıplarını ve sık yapılan hataları bir arada verir. Daha geniş bir bakış için AWL genel bakış sayfasına, kelimeleri yazıda görmek için model cevaplar bölümüne göz atın.
AWL Sublist 4 includes 57 core words that occur with high frequency in academic English (e.g. access, hypothesis, subsequent). This page provides the word family for each headword, example sentences for IELTS Writing and Speaking, collocation patterns, and common mistakes. For a broader view, check the AWL overview page, and to see the words in context, look at the model answers section.
Bu sayfada ne var? AWL Sublist 4'teki 57 headword'ün tam kelime ailesi, 10 IELTS örnek cümlesi, collocation tablosu ve sık hata uyarıları. Hedef: bu kelimeleri sadece tanımak değil, Writing Task 2 ve Speaking Part 3'te doğru çekimle üretebilmek.
What is on this page? The complete word family of the 57 headwords in AWL Sublist 4, 10 example sentences for IELTS, a collocation table, and common error alerts. Goal: to not only recognize these words but also to produce them correctly in Writing Task 2 and Speaking Part 3.
Academic Word List (AWL), Averil Coxhead tarafından derlenen ve akademik metinlerde tekrar tekrar karşımıza çıkan 570 kelime ailesinden oluşan bir listedir. Bu liste, frekansa göre 10 alt listeye (sublist) bölünür: Sublist 1 en sık geçen kelimeleri, Sublist 10 ise daha nadir olanları içerir. Sublist 4, akademik dilin çekirdek kelime dağarcığının önemli bir parçasıdır; yani bu kelimeler makalelerde, raporlarda ve IELTS okuma metinlerinde neredeyse her yerde bulunur.
IELTS açısından Sublist 4'ün değeri iki yönlüdür. Birincisi, Reading ve Listening bölümlerinde bu kelimeleri hızlıca tanımak anlama hızınızı artırır; subsequent, hence veya despite gibi kelimeler cümlenin mantığını taşıdığı için soruların cevabı çoğu zaman bunların etrafında gizlidir. İkincisi, Writing ve Speaking bölümlerinde bu kelimeleri doğru üretmek, değerlendiricinin aradığı "lexical resource" (kelime kaynağı) ölçütünde puan yükseltir.
Bu sayfa, Sublist 4'ün 57 headword'ünü ezberlenecek bir liste olarak değil, üretilecek bir araç seti olarak sunar. Her kelimeyi ailesiyle birlikte öğrenmek, bir kelimeden birden çok gramer yapısı türetmenizi sağlar; bu da yazınızda cümle çeşitliliği (grammatical range) demektir.
The Academic Word List (AWL) is a list compiled by Averil Coxhead that consists of 570 word families that frequently appear in academic texts. This list is divided into 10 sublists based on frequency: Sublist 1 contains the most common words, while Sublist 10 contains the rarer ones. Sublist 4 is an important part of the core vocabulary of academic language; that is, these words can be found almost everywhere in articles, reports, and IELTS reading texts.
In terms of IELTS, the value of Sublist 4 is twofold. Firstly, quickly recognizing these words in the Reading and Listening sections increases your comprehension speed; words like subsequent, hence, or despite often carry the logic of the sentence, so the answers to questions are often hidden around them. Secondly, correctly producing these words in the Writing and Speaking sections raises your score in the criterion of
Aşağıdaki tablo Sublist 4'ün tüm 57 headword'ünü ve en çok kullanılan aile formlarını içerir. Bir kelimeyi öğrenirken tüm satırı öğrenin: fiil, isim, sıfat ve zarf formları arasında geçiş yapabilmek IELTS'te cümle esnekliği sağlar.
| Headword | Aile formları | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| access | access (n/v), accessible (adj), accessibility (n), inaccessible (adj) | erişim / erişmek, erişilebilir |
| adequate | adequate (adj), adequately (adv), adequacy (n), inadequate (adj) | yeterli, yeterince |
| annual | annual (adj), annually (adv) | yıllık, her yıl |
| apparent | apparent (adj), apparently (adv) | görünen, belli ki |
| approximate | approximate (adj/v), approximately (adv), approximation (n) | yaklaşık, yaklaşık olarak |
| attitude | attitude (n), attitudes (n pl) | tutum, tavır |
| attribute | attribute (v/n), attributable (adj), attribution (n) | atfetmek / özellik |
| civil | civil (adj), civilian (n/adj), civility (n) | sivil, medeni |
| code | code (n/v), coded (adj), encode (v), decode (v) | kod / kurallar bütünü |
| commit | commit (v), commitment (n), committed (adj) | bağlanmak, adamak |
| communicate | communicate (v), communication (n), communicative (adj) | iletişim kurmak |
| concentrate | concentrate (v), concentration (n), concentrated (adj) | yoğunlaşmak, odaklanmak |
| contrast | contrast (n/v), contrasting (adj), contrastive (adj) | karşıtlık, zıtlık |
| cycle | cycle (n/v), cyclic (adj), cyclical (adj) | döngü, çevrim |
| debate | debate (n/v), debatable (adj) | tartışma, tartışmak |
| despite | despite (prep) | -e rağmen |
| dimension | dimension (n), dimensional (adj), multidimensional (adj) | boyut |
| domestic | domestic (adj), domestically (adv), domesticate (v) | iç, yurt içi, evcil |
| emerge | emerge (v), emergence (n), emerging (adj), emergent (adj) | ortaya çıkmak |
| error | error (n), erroneous (adj), erroneously (adv) | hata, yanlış |
| ethnic | ethnic (adj), ethnicity (n), ethnically (adv) | etnik |
| goal | goal (n), goals (n pl) | hedef, amaç |
| grant | grant (v/n), granted (adj) | vermek, hibe / bağış |
| hence | hence (adv) | bu nedenle, dolayısıyla |
| hypothesis | hypothesis (n), hypotheses (n pl), hypothesize (v), hypothetical (adj) | hipotez, varsayım |
| implement | implement (v), implementation (n) | uygulamak, hayata geçirmek |
| impose | impose (v), imposition (n), imposing (adj) | dayatmak, yüklemek |
| integrate | integrate (v), integration (n), integrated (adj), integral (adj) | bütünleştirmek, entegre etmek |
| internal | internal (adj), internally (adv) | iç, dahili |
| investigate | investigate (v), investigation (n), investigative (adj), investigator (n) | araştırmak, soruşturmak |
| label | label (n/v), labelled (adj) | etiket, etiketlemek |
| mechanism | mechanism (n), mechanical (adj), mechanically (adv) | mekanizma, düzenek |
| obvious | obvious (adj), obviously (adv) | açık, belli, bariz |
| occupy | occupy (v), occupation (n), occupied (adj), occupant (n) | işgal etmek, meşgul etmek |
| option | option (n), optional (adj), optionally (adv) | seçenek |
| output | output (n/v) | çıktı, üretim |
| overall | overall (adj/adv) | genel, toplamda |
| parallel | parallel (adj/n/v) | paralel, benzer |
| parameter | parameter (n), parameters (n pl) | parametre, sınır değeri |
| phase | phase (n/v), phased (adj) | evre, aşama |
| predict | predict (v), prediction (n), predictable (adj), unpredictable (adj) | öngörmek, tahmin etmek |
| principal | principal (adj/n), principally (adv) | başlıca, temel / müdür |
| prior | prior (adj), priority (n), prioritize (v) | önceki, öncelikli |
| professional | professional (adj/n), profession (n), professionally (adv) | profesyonel, mesleki |
| project | project (n/v), projection (n), projected (adj) | proje / öngörmek |
| promote | promote (v), promotion (n), promotional (adj) | teşvik etmek, terfi ettirmek |
| regime | regime (n), regimes (n pl) | rejim, yönetim düzeni |
| resolve | resolve (v), resolution (n), resolved (adj), unresolved (adj) | çözmek, karara varmak |
| retain | retain (v), retention (n), retained (adj) | elde tutmak, korumak |
| series | series (n, tekil ve çoğul aynı) | dizi, seri |
| statistic | statistic (n), statistics (n), statistical (adj), statistically (adv) | istatistik(sel) |
| status | status (n) | statü, konum, durum |
| stress | stress (n/v), stressful (adj), stressed (adj) | vurgu / stres / vurgulamak |
| subsequent | subsequent (adj), subsequently (adv) | sonraki, müteakip |
| sum | sum (n/v), summation (n) | toplam, meblağ |
| summary | summary (n/adj), summarize (v), summarization (n) | özet, özetlemek |
| undertake | undertake (v), undertaking (n), undertaken (past part.) | üstlenmek, girişmek |
This page presents the 57 headwords of Sublist 4 not as a list to be memorized, but as a toolkit to be produced. Learning each word along with its family allows you to derive multiple grammatical structures from a single word; this means sentence variety (grammatical range) in your writing.
The table below includes all 57 headwords of Sublist 4 and the most commonly used family forms. Learn the entire row when learning a word: being able to switch between verb, noun, adjective, and adverb forms provides sentence flexibility in IELTS.
| Headword | Family forms | English |
|---|---|---|
| access | access (n/v), accessible (adj), accessibility (n), inaccessible (adj) | access / to access, accessible |
| adequate | adequate (adj), adequately (adv), adequacy (n), inadequate (adj) | adequate, adequately |
| annual | annual (adj), annually (adv) | annual, yearly |
| apparent | apparent (adj), apparently (adv) | apparent, evidently |
| approximate | approximate (adj/v), approximately (adv), approximation (n) | approximate, approximately |
| attitude | attitude (n), attitudes (n pl) | attitude, stance |
| attribute | attribute (v/n), attributable (adj), attribution (n) | to attribute / characteristic |
| civil | civil (adj), civilian (n/adj), civility (n) | civil, civic |
| code | code (n/v), coded (adj), encode (v), decode (v) | code / set of rules |
| commit | commit (v), commitment (n), committed (adj) | to commit, dedication |
| communicate | communicate (v), communication (n), communicative (adj) | to communicate |
| concentrate | concentrate (v), concentration (n), concentrated (adj) | to concentrate, focus |
| contrast | contrast (n/v), contrasting (adj), contrastive (adj) | contrast, opposition |
| cycle | cycle (n/v), cyclic (adj), cyclical (adj) | cycle, loop |
| debate | debate (n/v), debatable (adj) | debate, to debate |
| despite | despite (prep) | despite |
| dimension | dimension (n), dimensional (adj), multidimensional (adj) | dimension |
| domestic | domestic (adj), domestically (adv), domesticate (v) | domestic, national, pet |
| emerge | emerge (v), emergence (n), emerging (adj), emergent (adj) | to emerge |
| error | error (n), erroneous (adj), erroneously (adv) | error, mistake |
| ethnic | ethnic (adj), ethnicity (n), ethnically (adv) | ethnic |
| goal | goal (n), goals (n pl) | goal, aim |
| grant | grant (v/n), granted (adj) | to grant, donation / grant |
| hence | hence (adv) | therefore |
| hypothesis | hypothesis (n), hypotheses (n pl), hypothesize (v), hypothetical (adj) | hypothesis, assumption |
| implement | implement (v), implementation (n) | to implement, to put into action |
| impose | impose (v), imposition (n), imposing (adj) | to impose, to load |
| integrate | integrate (v), integration (n), integrated (adj), integral (adj) | to integrate |
| internal | internal (adj), internally (adv) | internal, domestic |
| investigate | investigate (v), investigation (n), investigative (adj), investigator (n) | to investigate |
| label | label (n/v), labelled (adj) | label, to label |
| mechanism | mechanism (n), mechanical (adj), mechanically (adv) | mechanism, device |
| obvious | obvious (adj), obviously (adv) | obvious, clear |
| occupy | occupy (v), occupation (n), occupied (adj), occupant (n) | to occupy, to engage |
| option | option (n), optional (adj), optionally (adv) | option |
| output | output (n/v) | output, production |
| overall | overall (adj/adv) | overall, in total |
| parallel | parallel (adj/n/v) | parallel, similar |
| parameter | parameter (n), parameters (n pl) | parameter, boundary value |
| phase | phase (n/v), phased (adj) | phase, stage |
| predict | predict (v), prediction (n), predictable (adj), unpredictable (adj) | to predict, to forecast |
| principal | principal (adj/n), principally (adv) | main, primary / principal |
| prior | prior (adj), priority (n), prioritize (v) | previous, priority |
| professional | professional (adj/n), profession (n), professionally (adv) | professional, occupational |
| project | project (n/v), projection (n), projected (adj) | project / to forecast |
| promote | promote (v), promotion (n), promotional (adj) | to promote, to elevate |
| regime | regime (n), regimes (n pl) | regime, management system |
| resolve | resolve (v), resolution (n), resolved (adj), unresolved (adj) | to resolve, to decide |
| retain | retain (v), retention (n), retained (adj) | to retain, to keep |
| series | series (n, singular and plural same) | series |
| statistic | statistic (n), statistics (n), statistical (adj), statistically (adv) | statistical |
| status | status (n) | status, position, condition |
| stress | stress (n/v), stressful (adj), stressed (adj) | stress / to stress |
| subsequent | subsequent (adj), subsequently (adv) | subsequent |
| sum | sum (n/v), summation (n) | sum, amount |
| summary | summary (n/adj), summarize (v), summarization (n) | summary, to summarize |
| undertake | undertake (v), undertaking (n), undertaken (past part.) | to undertake, to engage |
The sentences below are exemplary for Writing Task 2 and Speaking Part 3. Each sentence uses one or two words from Sublist 4 in an academic context. The English glosses are provided below each sentence.
"Despite the government's efforts, many rural areas still lack adequate access to healthcare."
Gloss: Despite the government's efforts, many rural areas still lack adequate access to healthcare. (despite + adequate + access)
"The data clearly indicate a subsequent decline in domestic energy consumption after the reform was implemented."
Gloss: The data clearly indicate a subsequent decline in domestic energy consumption after the reform was implemented. (subsequent + domestic + implement)
"Researchers formulated a hypothesis to investigate why certain ethnic groups retain their traditional customs."
Gloss: Researchers formulated a hypothesis to investigate why certain ethnic groups retain their traditional customs. (hypothesis + investigate + ethnic + retain)
"The chart shows that annual output rose steadily, hence the company's decision to expand its workforce."
Gloss: The chart shows that annual output rose steadily, hence the company's decision to expand its workforce. (annual + output + hence)
"In my view, promoting a positive attitude towards lifelong learning should be a principal goal of education."
Gloss: In my view, promoting a positive attitude towards lifelong learning should be a principal goal of education. (promote + attitude + principal + goal)
"The study attributes the apparent improvement in test scores to a subsequent change in the curriculum."
Gloss: The study attributes the apparent improvement in test scores to a subsequent change in the curriculum. (attribute + apparent + subsequent)
"Governments should not impose a single solution, since local communities may prefer a different option."
Gloss: Governments should not impose a single solution, since local communities may prefer a different option. (impose + option)
"The overall statistics reveal a clear contrast between urban and rural income levels."
Gloss: The overall statistics reveal a clear contrast between urban and rural income levels. (overall + statistic + contrast)
"To resolve this issue, the council undertook a series of measures during the first phase of the project."
Gloss: To resolve this issue, the council undertook a series of measures during the first phase of the project. (resolve + undertake + series + phase + project)
"It is difficult to predict the long-term status of endangered species without adequate funding for research."
Gloss: It is difficult to predict the long-term status of endangered species without adequate funding for research. (predict + status + adequate)
Aşağıdaki cümleler, Writing Task 2 ve Speaking Part 3 için model niteliğindedir. Her cümle bir veya iki Sublist 4 kelimesini akademik bağlamda kullanır. Türkçe glossları cümlenin altında verilmiştir.
"Despite the government's efforts, many rural areas still lack adequate access to healthcare."
Gloss: Hükümetin çabalarına rağmen, birçok kırsal bölge hâlâ sağlık hizmetine yeterli erişimden yoksun. (despite + adequate + access)
"The data clearly indicate a subsequent decline in domestic energy consumption after the reform was implemented."
Gloss: Veriler, reform uygulandıktan sonra yurt içi enerji tüketiminde bir sonraki düşüşü açıkça göstermektedir. (subsequent + domestic + implement)
"Researchers formulated a hypothesis to investigate why certain ethnic groups retain their traditional customs."
Gloss: Araştırmacılar, bazı etnik grupların geleneksel âdetlerini neden koruduğunu araştırmak için bir hipotez oluşturdu. (hypothesis + investigate + ethnic + retain)
"The chart shows that annual output rose steadily, hence the company's decision to expand its workforce."
Gloss: Grafik, yıllık çıktının istikrarlı biçimde arttığını, dolayısıyla şirketin iş gücünü genişletme kararını gösteriyor. (annual + output + hence)
"In my view, promoting a positive attitude towards lifelong learning should be a principal goal of education."
Gloss: Bana göre, yaşam boyu öğrenmeye yönelik olumlu bir tutumu teşvik etmek, eğitimin başlıca hedeflerinden biri olmalıdır. (promote + attitude + principal + goal)
"The study attributes the apparent improvement in test scores to a subsequent change in the curriculum."
Gloss: Çalışma, sınav puanlarındaki görünür iyileşmeyi müfredattaki sonraki bir değişikliğe atfetmektedir. (attribute + apparent + subsequent)
"Governments should not impose a single solution, since local communities may prefer a different option."
Gloss: Yerel topluluklar farklı bir seçeneği tercih edebileceğinden, hükümetler tek bir çözümü dayatmamalıdır. (impose + option)
"The overall statistics reveal a clear contrast between urban and rural income levels."
Gloss: Genel istatistikler, kentsel ve kırsal gelir düzeyleri arasında net bir karşıtlık ortaya koymaktadır. (overall + statistic + contrast)
"To resolve this issue, the council undertook a series of measures during the first phase of the project."
Gloss: Bu sorunu çözmek için konsey, projenin ilk aşamasında bir dizi önlem üstlendi. (resolve + undertake + series + phase + project)
"It is difficult to predict the long-term status of endangered species without adequate funding for research."
Gloss: Araştırma için yeterli finansman olmadan nesli tükenmekte olan türlerin uzun vadeli durumunu tahmin etmek zordur. (predict + status + adequate)
In Band 7+ writings, words are used correctly with their friends
Band 7+ yazılarda kelimeler doğru "arkadaşlarıyla" (collocation) kullanılır. Aşağıdaki tablo, Sublist 4 kelimelerinin en doğal collocation kalıplarını verir. Bunları bir bütün olarak ezberleyin, tek tek kelime olarak değil.
| Kelime | Güçlü collocation | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| access | gain / provide / restrict access to | erişim sağlamak / kısıtlamak |
| attitude | a positive / negative attitude towards | -e yönelik olumlu tutum |
| contrast | a sharp / stark contrast between | arasında keskin karşıtlık |
| goal | achieve / set / pursue a goal | hedefe ulaşmak / hedef koymak |
| hypothesis | test / support / reject a hypothesis | hipotezi sınamak / desteklemek |
| impose | impose restrictions / a ban / a tax on | kısıtlama / yasak koymak |
| priority | a top / high priority; give priority to | öncelik vermek |
| promote | promote awareness / growth / equality | farkındalık / büyüme teşvik etmek |
| resolve | resolve a conflict / dispute / issue | çatışma / sorun çözmek |
| stress | reduce / relieve / cope with stress | stresi azaltmak / baş etmek |
Aşağıda, günlük (genel) kelimeleri akademik Sublist 4 karşılıklarıyla değiştirerek yazınızı nasıl yükselteceğinizi görebilirsiniz:
| Word | Strong collocation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| access | gain / provide / restrict access to | to provide / restrict access |
| attitude | a positive / negative attitude towards | positive attitude towards |
| contrast | a sharp / stark contrast between | sharp contrast between |
| goal | achieve / set / pursue a goal | to achieve / set a goal |
| hypothesis | test / support / reject a hypothesis | to test / support a hypothesis |
| impose | impose restrictions / a ban / a tax on | to impose restrictions / a ban |
| priority | a top / high priority; give priority to | to give priority |
| promote | promote awareness / growth / equality | to promote awareness / growth |
| resolve | resolve a conflict / dispute / issue | to resolve a conflict / issue |
| stress | reduce / relieve / cope with stress | to reduce / cope with stress |
Below, you can see how to elevate your writing by replacing everyday (general) words with their academic Sublist 4 counterparts:
Sublist 4 kelimeleri IELTS adaylarında belirli tuzaklara yol açar. Aşağıdaki uyarılar en sık görülen hataları ve doğru kullanımı gösterir.
Words from Sublist 4 lead IELTS candidates into specific traps. The warnings below show the most common mistakes and their correct usage.
Aşağıdaki boşlukları Sublist 4 kelimeleriyle doldurun. Her boşluk için doğru formu (çekim) seçmeye dikkat edin. Cevaplar en altta.
Kendini kontrol listesi — bu sayfayı bitirmeden önce şunları yapabildiğinizden emin olun:
Fill in the blanks below with words from Sublist 4. Be careful to choose the correct form (inflection) for each blank. Answers are at the bottom.
Self-check list — before finishing this page, make sure you can do the following: