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Ünite 19 · Phrasal Verbs & Idiomatic Language · Bölüm 1/6

Grammar: Phrasal Verbs & Idiomatic Language

Sound like a native, not a textbook: master the little verbs that carry big meanings.

Phrasal verbs: how English really speaks

A phrasal verb is a verb plus one or two little words (a particle: a preposition or adverb) that together create a new meaning — often very different from the verb alone. Give means one thing; give up, give in and give away mean three completely different things. Native speakers reach for these constantly, so understanding them is the difference between textbook English and the real thing.

At B2 the challenge is no longer just knowing what a phrasal verb means. You must handle its grammar — whether the object can split it (turn it off vs turn off it), whether it takes one particle or two, and whether the meaning is literal or figurative. This unit sorts them into clear types and adds a set of everyday idioms that work the same way.

  • Please turn off the lights. / Please turn the lights off.separable: the object can go before or after the particle.
  • We ran into an old friend in town.inseparable: the verb and particle stay together.
  • I look forward to hearing from you.three-part verb: two particles, always joined.
  • Our weekend plans fell through at the last minute.figurative: nothing physically "falls" — the plan failed.

1. Separable phrasal verbs (turn it off, not turn off it)

Many two-word phrasal verbs are separable: the object can come after the particle or between the verb and the particle. Both orders are fine — until the object is a pronoun (it, them, him). Then the pronoun must go in the middle.

Object typePatternExample
a noun (after)verb + particle + nounShe turned off the radio.
a noun (split)verb + noun + particleShe turned the radio off.
a pronounverb + pronoun + particleShe turned it off. (never "turned off it")
Key point — the pronoun rule
  • A pronoun object always splits the verb: "throw it away" ✓, "throw away it" ✗. This is the single most common B2 error.
  • Common separables: turn off, throw away, fill in, write down, put off, pick up, give away, sort out, take on.

2. Inseparable phrasal verbs (the verb and particle never split)

Other phrasal verbs are inseparable: the object — even a pronoun — always comes after the whole verb. You can never put anything between the verb and its particle.

Phrasal verbMeaningExample
run intomeet by chance / hit (a problem)I ran into her yesterday. (not "ran her into")
look aftertake care ofWho will look after the dog?
get overrecover fromIt took weeks to get over the flu.
B2 subtlety
  • With inseparable verbs a pronoun still follows the particle: "I ran into him" ✓, "I ran him into" ✗.
  • There is no shortcut rule for guessing type — learn each verb with an example sentence, not just a translation.

3. Three-part (phrasal-prepositional) verbs (verb + two particles)

Some phrasal verbs carry two particles. These are always inseparable, and the object comes after both particles. They are extremely common in speech, so learn them as fixed units.

  • I look forward to the weekend.after "to" use a noun or an -ing form: look forward to seeing you.
  • She can't put up with the noise.put up with = tolerate; the object comes after "with".
  • He always gets away with it.a pronoun still goes at the end: gets away with it.
  • We must come up with a plan.come up with = think of / produce (an idea).
Watch out
  • Never split a three-part verb: "put up the noise with" ✗ — "put up with the noise" ✓.
  • After look forward to the "to" is a preposition, so it needs an -ing form, not the bare infinitive: "look forward to meeting you" ✓, "look forward to meet you" ✗.

4. Literal vs figurative meaning (reading between the lines)

The same phrasal verb can be literal (its plain, physical meaning) or figurative (an idiomatic meaning you cannot guess from the words). Many have several meanings, so context decides.

Phrasal verbLiteralFigurative / idiomatic
break downThe car broke down. (stopped working)He broke down in tears. (lost control of emotions)
pick upPick up the pen. (lift it)Business is picking up. (improving)
take offThe plane took off. (left the ground)Her career took off. (became very successful)
Key point
  • Do not translate a figurative phrasal verb word by word — "throw in the towel" has nothing to do with a real towel; it means to give up.
  • When you meet a phrasal verb in reading, ask: does the plain meaning make sense here, or is it a figure of speech?

5. Register: phrasal verb or formal verb? (informal vs formal)

Phrasal verbs sound natural and informal. In formal writing (reports, essays, official letters) a single-word, often Latin-based, verb is usually preferred. Knowing both, and choosing the right one for the situation, is a real B2 skill.

Informal (phrasal)Formal (single word)Meaning
put offpostponedelay to a later time
find outdiscoverlearn a fact
carry outconductperform (a study, a task)
set upestablishcreate / start (a club)
Key point
  • Speaking to a friend? Use the phrasal verb ("They called off the trip."). Writing a formal essay? Prefer the single word ("The trip was cancelled.").
  • Mixing the wrong register — a very formal verb in casual chat, or slangy phrasal verbs in an official essay — sounds odd to a native ear.

6. Common mistakes (✗ / ✓)

These are the errors B2 students still make with phrasal verbs. Check your own writing against every row.

Wrong ✗Right ✓Why?
Can you turn off it?Can you turn it off?a pronoun object must split a separable verb.
I ran her into at the shops.I ran into her at the shops."run into" is inseparable; the object stays after it.
I look forward to meet you.I look forward to meeting you."to" here is a preposition, so use the -ing form.
She can't put up the noise with.She can't put up with the noise.a three-part verb is never split.
The school carried out a survey about the trip and put it off....conducted a survey... and postponed it.in a formal essay, single-word verbs fit the register better.

7. Putting it together (Model Dialogue)

Two friends plan a class trip. Read it twice and watch each phrasal-verb type in action: a separable verb (put off / call off), an inseparable one (run into), a three-part verb (come up with), and an idiom (get the ball rolling).

A:Shall we get the ball rolling on the class trip this week?idiom: start a process.
B:Let's not put it off any longer — we've delayed twice already.separable verb + pronoun: "put it off".
A:We did run into a few problems with the money, though.inseparable: "run into" a problem.
B:True, but I've come up with a way to cut the costs.three-part verb: come up with an idea.
A:Good. I can't put up with another delay from the coach company.three-part verb: tolerate.
B:Then it's settled — if anything goes wrong, we'll sort it out as a group.separable verb + pronoun: "sort it out".
Test yourself
  • Why is it "put it off" and not "put off it"? (a pronoun object must split a separable verb.)
  • Rewrite "sort it out" with the noun "the problem". (sort out the problem / sort the problem out — both are fine with a noun.)
  • Which verb in the dialogue is an idiom, not a plain phrasal verb? (get the ball rolling = start something.)

Exercises (Alıştırmalar)

Choose the correct answer. — 10 questions, each one is marked instantly. Questions get harder as you go.

Ünite 19 · Phrasal Verbs & Idiomatic Language · Bölüm 2/6

Speaking: Getting Things Done

Learn the phrasal verbs and idioms, then use them to talk about plans, problems and teamwork.

look forward to (phr v)
to feel happy and excited about something coming (dört gözle beklemek)
Syn: anticipate · Ant: dread
"I look forward to seeing you at the weekend."
put up with (phr v)
to accept something unpleasant without complaining (katlanmak, tahammül etmek)
Syn: tolerate · Ant: reject
"I can't put up with the noise any longer."
get away with (phr v)
to avoid punishment or blame for something wrong (yanına kâr kalmak)
Syn: escape · Ant: answer for
"He cheated and somehow got away with it."
come up with (phr v)
to think of or produce an idea or plan (bulmak, ortaya atmak)
Syn: devise · Ant:
"She came up with a clever solution."
carry out (phr v)
to perform or complete a task or plan (yürütmek, gerçekleştirmek)
Syn: conduct · Ant: neglect
"We carried out a science experiment in class."
turn down (phr v)
to refuse an offer, request or person (reddetmek, geri çevirmek)
Syn: reject · Ant: accept
"She turned down my invitation without a word."
call off (phr v)
to cancel something that was planned (iptal etmek)
Syn: cancel · Ant: hold
"They called off the match because of rain."
sort out (phr v)
to deal with a problem or put things in order (halletmek, çözmek)
Syn: resolve · Ant: muddle
"Don't worry — we'll sort it out together."
take on (phr v)
to accept new work or responsibility (üstlenmek, üzerine almak)
Syn: undertake · Ant: drop
"She took on three new subjects this term."
cut corners (idiom)
to do something badly to save time or money (işi baştan savmak, kestirmeden gitmek)
Syn: skimp · Ant: be thorough
"Never cut corners on safety."
get the ball rolling (idiom)
to start a process or activity (bir işi başlatmak)
Syn: begin · Ant: stall
"Let's get the ball rolling on the new plan."
be on the same page (idiom)
to agree or share the same understanding (aynı fikirde olmak)
Syn: agree · Ant: differ
"Before we start, let's make sure we're on the same page."
throw in the towel (idiom)
to give up because something is too hard (pes etmek, havlu atmak)
Syn: give up · Ant: persevere
"After three failures, he almost threw in the towel."
figure out (phr v)
to understand or find the answer to something (çözmek, anlamak)
Syn: work out · Ant: misunderstand
"I finally figured out how the new game works."
How do we get this project started? Let's get the ball rolling and come up with a plan.
Talking things through: phrasal verbs and idioms make everyday teamwork with friends sound natural.

Production Task (Üretim Görevi)

Describe a real plan, project or problem you have dealt with (e.g. organising a school event, starting a hobby, planning a trip with friends). Write 8 sentences telling the story. Use at least 8 of the phrasal verbs and idioms above.

Grammar requirement — apply this unit's topic
  • Use at least one separable phrasal verb with a pronoun in the middle (I sorted it out, we called it off).
  • Use at least one three-part verb (come up with, put up with, look forward to).
  • Use at least one inseparable phrasal verb (ran into a problem, look after it).
  • Include at least two idioms (get the ball rolling, cut corners, throw in the towel, be on the same page).

Sentence starters (you can begin with these):

"We decided to get the ball rolling by ..." "At first we ran into ..." "I came up with the idea of ..." "We nearly threw in the towel, but ..." "In the end, we sorted it out by ..."

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your task.)

Ünite 19 · Phrasal Verbs & Idiomatic Language · Bölüm 3/6

Reading: Getting a Band Off the Ground

Read the text, then answer the questions.

Before You Read (Okumadan Önce)

Good readers prepare before they start. Before you read, think about these three questions (you do not need to write the answers):

  • Have you ever tried to start something of your own — a band, a club, a project? What happened?
  • The text is full of phrasal verbs and idioms. Which ones do you expect to see when someone talks about starting a band?
  • The title says "Off the Ground". What do you think that idiom means here?
How to read
  • First read: read quickly, without stopping. Get the general idea; you do not need every word.
  • Second read: read the questions, then search the text. Underline every phrasal verb and idiom — come up with, get off the ground, let down, break down, cut corners, put up with — and ask whether the meaning is literal or figurative.

Phrasal verbs to spot (from the Speaking section): come up with · put up with · call off · sort out · take on · cut corners · get the ball rolling · throw in the towel

an idea off the ground from dreaming to doing
Most people come up with ideas; the hard part is getting a band off the ground.
Getting a Band Off the Ground

Starting a band is never as simple as it looks. Plenty of people come up with a cool idea for a group, yet only a few manage to get it off the ground. The gap between dreaming and doing is where most school bands fall apart.

For most teenagers, the trouble is not a lack of talent but a lack of time and staying power. Between homework, exams and half a dozen other clubs, a band can quickly slip down the list. It is easy to picture yourself on stage after watching a slick video online, but the clips people share never show the boring bits — the hours spent tuning instruments, arguing over song choices or waiting for a member who has forgotten the rehearsal. Social media makes success look instant, and that false impression is exactly what trips so many young musicians up. They expect a shortcut, and when the hard work turns out to be real, they lose heart and drift away.

Take Mira, who set up a small band with her friends three years ago. At first, everything went wrong. Two members let her down and kept skipping rehearsals, an old amplifier broke down during their first show, and she nearly gave up. Instead of throwing in the towel, she sat down and worked out exactly what had gone wrong. She cut back on long, messy practices, took on one reliable drummer, and drew up a simple rehearsal plan she could stick to.

The reliable drummer she took on turned out to be the turning point. He showed up on time, kept a steady beat, and pushed the others to treat rehearsals seriously rather than as an excuse to hang out. Mira also set up a group chat where everyone could agree on times, share links to songs and flag any clashes with tests or matches. Bit by bit, the band started to feel less like a loose group of friends and more like a proper team. In fact, she often compares it to a football side: if one player keeps missing training, the whole squad suffers, and no amount of talent can paper over the cracks.

Balancing the band with schoolwork was a constant juggling act. Mira drew up a weekly timetable that blocked out one short rehearsal on a weekday evening and a longer session at the weekend, so that nobody had to choose between the group and their grades. She kept the practices focused, starting on time and ending on time, which meant the others could plan their revision around them. Parents who had once grumbled about the noise came round when they saw that the band was teaching their children to manage deadlines rather than waste their afternoons.

Time was the biggest headache. To keep the songs tight, Mira refused to cut corners on practice, even when it would have been far easier to do so. She pointed out to the others that an audience can always tell when a song has been rushed. Slowly, word got around at school, and classmates began to turn up to every gig.

Getting people to notice the band was a challenge of its own. Rather than splashing out on posters they could not afford, Mira and her friends turned to their phones. A classmate filmed short clips of their best moments and posted them online, and slowly the views and comments began to add up. A catchy thirty-second snippet did far more than any flyer ever could. The attention was not always kind — a few users left harsh remarks — but Mira taught the band to shrug off the trolls and focus on the fans who genuinely turned up. Around the same time, the school held a debate about whether music clubs deserved a share of the budget. Mira spoke up for her band, arguing that the arts matter just as much as sport, and to her surprise the motion was carried.

Of course, being in a band means putting up with long rehearsals and constant problems to sort out. There are days when nothing goes to plan and you feel like giving in. Even so, Mira insists that the fun makes up for the stress, and she looks forward to playing at the school festival next year.

With the festival on the horizon, preparation moved up a gear. The band teamed up with the art class on a small joint project, swapping a live performance for a set of hand-painted posters that brightened up the corridors. Everyone chipped in: some sorted out the sound system, others drew up a running order, and a couple of volunteers handled the lights. There were still plenty of hiccups — a broken string here, a forgotten lyric there — but the group had learned to take these in their stride. What once would have thrown them into a panic now barely slowed them down, and that quiet confidence, Mira says, was the real reward of sticking with it.

Looking back, the band members agree that the experience changed them in ways they never expected. Shy players learned to speak in front of a crowd, while the louder ones learned to listen and share the spotlight. They picked up practical skills too — how to plan ahead, how to handle criticism, and how to keep a promise to the rest of the group. Teachers noticed the difference as well, pointing out that the same discipline the band demanded had started to show up in classwork and deadlines. None of this had been part of the original plan; it simply grew out of turning up, week after week, and refusing to let small setbacks bring the whole thing crashing down.

Her advice to anyone starting out is refreshingly simple. Do not sit around waiting for the perfect moment; it will never come along. Get the ball rolling, learn from your mistakes, and never lose sight of why you began. All in all, she says, the risk was well worth taking.

A · Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer.

B · True / False (Doğru / Yanlış)

Are these sentences true or false, according to the text?

C · Gap Fill (Phrasal Verbs & Idioms)

Complete each sentence with ONE word from the text — the missing part of a phrasal verb or idiom.

1Plenty of people have an idea, but few manage to get a band the ground. Doğru cevap: off
2Instead of throwing the towel, Mira sat down and worked out the problem. Doğru cevap: in
3To protect the songs, she refused to cut , even when it was easier to do so. Doğru cevap: corners
4Being in a band means putting up long rehearsals and constant problems. Doğru cevap: with
5Her advice is to get the ball and start straight away. Doğru cevap: rolling

D · Open-Ended

Write your answer in your own words. These questions are not marked automatically.

1. According to the text, why do most new bands fail to get off the ground?

Sample Answer"They fail because there is a big gap between dreaming and doing. Many people come up with a cool idea, but only a few actually get it off the ground, and most bands fall apart in between."

2. How did Mira react when everything went wrong at the start?

Sample Answer"Instead of throwing in the towel, she sat down and worked out what had gone wrong. She cut back on long, messy practices, took on a reliable drummer and drew up a simple rehearsal plan she could stick to."

3. Do you agree with Mira's advice to "get the ball rolling" rather than wait? Why or why not?

Sample Answer"I agree with her. The perfect moment never comes along, so it is better to get the ball rolling and learn from your mistakes. However, I would still draw up a basic plan first so that I do not cut corners on the important things."

E · Phrasal Verb Hunt (Deyimsel Fiil Avı)

Find these phrasal verbs and idioms in the text — each one appears at least once: come up with, get off the ground, let down, break down, throw in the towel, cut corners, put up with, get the ball rolling. Note their meaning, then check.

Answers come up with (think of an idea): "Plenty of people come up with a cool idea..."
get off the ground (successfully start): "...only a few manage to get it off the ground."
let down (disappoint / fail someone): "Two members let her down..."
break down (stop working): "...an old amplifier broke down during their first show..."
throw in the towel (give up): "Instead of throwing in the towel, she sat down..."
cut corners (do carelessly to save time/money): "Mira refused to cut corners on practice..."
put up with (tolerate): "...being in a band means putting up with long rehearsals..."
get the ball rolling (start a process): "Get the ball rolling, learn from your mistakes..."
Ünite 19 · Phrasal Verbs & Idiomatic Language · Bölüm 4/6

Listening: Settling Into a New Job

Aimee talks to Paul about his first few weeks at a new job and how he found his feet.

You will hear a conversation: Aimee asks Paul about his first weeks at a new job — how he settled in, the problems he ran into, and how his team backs him up. Listen for the phrasal verbs he uses. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)

Ses hazırlanıyor — dinleyemiyorsan metni okuyarak çöz (Transcript)
Aimee: So Paul, you started a new job a few weeks ago. How's it going?
Paul: Really well, thanks Aimee. It was a big change, but I'm finally starting to find my feet.
Aimee: How did you feel on your very first day?
Paul: Honestly, I was quite nervous. I didn't know anyone and I was worried about making mistakes. But my colleagues were so friendly that they helped me settle in straight away, and by lunchtime I'd relaxed.
Aimee: That's good to hear. Did you run into any problems in the first week?
Paul: Oh yes. The computer system kept breaking down, so I couldn't log in or send anything for hours. It was frustrating, and I fell behind with my tasks.
Aimee: How did you cope with all the work piling up?
Paul: I drew up a to-do list every morning and sorted out which jobs were urgent. Once everything was written down, I stopped panicking and worked through it step by step.
Aimee: It sounds like you've got it under control now. What do you like most about the place?
Paul: The team, definitely. Whatever goes wrong, my colleagues always back each other up. Nobody points the finger — they just pitch in and help. That's why I already feel at home there.
Aimee: That's brilliant, Paul. It sounds like a great place to work.
Tip
  • Read the questions BEFORE the first listening — know what to listen for.
  • You do not need every word; catch the answer to each question.

1. Dinleme — Questions 1-5 (Choose the correct answer)

Ünite 19 · Phrasal Verbs & Idiomatic Language · Bölüm 5/6

Writing: An Informal Update

Write and submit an informal message packed with natural phrasal verbs; your teacher will review it.

Phrasal verbs vs formal verbs (choosing the right register)

Phrasal verbs make your writing sound natural and friendly — perfect for an informal message to a friend or classmate. In a formal essay you would swap many of them for a single-word verb. For this task you want the informal, phrasal versions.

Formal (single word)Informal (phrasal verb)Example
postponeput offWe had to put off the trip.
cancelcall offThey called off the party.
tolerateput up withI can't put up with the delays.
devise / producecome up withShe came up with a great plan.
resolvesort outWe soon sorted it out.
discoverfind outI found out what went wrong.

See the difference — the same news, written two ways:

Too formal for a friend ✗Natural, informal English ✓
I wish to inform you that the event was cancelled. We subsequently postponed it and eventually resolved the difficulties. Just so you know, we called off the event. We put it off for a week and, in the end, we sorted everything out.
Rule
  • Use at least 3 different phrasal verbs, and put the pronoun in the middle of any separable ones (put it off, sort it out).
  • Keep the tone informal — you are writing to a friend, not to a teacher.

Message structure (Informal Update)

A friendly update message has three parts. The skeleton stays the same — you change the content, not the structure:

PartWhat to writeExample
1. OpeningGreet the reader and say why you are writing.Hi Sam, I just wanted to fill you in on how the school trip is going.
2. BodyTell the story with phrasal verbs: what came up, what went wrong, how you dealt with it.We ran into a few problems and nearly threw in the towel, but we came up with a plan and sorted it out.
3. ClosingEnd warmly, using a phrasal verb or idiom.Looking forward to catching up soon — let's get the ball rolling next week!

Task (Görev)

Write an informal message or email to a friend, telling them about a recent plan, project or problem you dealt with — for example: organising a school trip, starting a new hobby or club, or sorting out a problem with friends. Tell the story naturally, using plenty of phrasal verbs.

WHAT TO INCLUDE

  • a friendly opening that says why you are writing
  • what happened: at least one thing that went wrong or came up
  • how you dealt with it and how it ended
  • at least one separable phrasal verb with a pronoun in the middle (sort it out, put it off)
  • a warm closing line, ending with a phrasal verb or idiom
  • at least 5 phrasal verbs / idioms: come up with, put up with, get away with, sort out, take on, call off, run into, throw in the towel, get the ball rolling
  • an informal tone throughout (no stiff, formal verbs)

EXAMPLE OPENERS

"Hi ..., I just wanted to fill you in on ..." "You won't believe what we ran into last week ..." "Guess what — we finally got the ball rolling on ..."

Your Message (160-200 words / kelime)

0 kelime

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)

Sample Answer (~180 words) Hi Deniz,

I just wanted to fill you in on how the school talent show went. Honestly, it was chaos at first! Two days before the show, one of the singers let us down and dropped out, and the sound system broke down during the rehearsal. For about an hour we nearly threw in the towel.

In the end, though, we didn't give up. I came up with the idea of borrowing speakers from the music room, and my best friend took on the job of hosting so I could sort out the running order. We ran into a few more problems — the microphone kept playing up — but we put those issues off until the afternoon and dealt with them later.

By show time, word had got around and the hall was packed with students turning up in crowds. We can't get away with cutting corners, so we made sure every act was ready.

Anyway, it all worked out. Let's get the ball rolling on next year's show soon — I'm really looking forward to catching up!

Take care,
Ela
Ünite 19 · Phrasal Verbs & Idiomatic Language · Bölüm 6/6

Unit Check (Ünite Kontrolü)

Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do.

Mixed Quiz (Karışık Test)

14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading + listening. Each question is marked instantly.

Can-Do Check (Yapabiliyorum Listesi)

Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher.

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