Bu sayfadaki açıklamalar Türkçe; İngilizce kalıplar, tablolar ve model paragraf İngilizce verilmiştir. Amaç: pasta grafiğini oran diliyle, tarafsız ve Band 8+ düzeyinde betimlemeyi öğretmektir.
The explanations on this page are in Turkish; English patterns, tables, and model paragraphs are provided in English. Purpose: to teach how to describe a pie chart in a neutral manner using ratio language at a Band 8+ level.
Pie chart (pasta grafiği) IELTS Task 1'de oranları / yüzdeleri gösterir; işin özü en büyük ve en küçük dilimleri seçip yorumsuz betimlemektir. Bu sayfada 4 paragraflık yapıyı, pay dilini ve iki-pasta karşılaştırmasını çözümlü bir modelle öğreneceksin. Görselli tam model için IELTS örnek sorular sayfasına da göz at.
A pie chart in IELTS Task 1 shows ratios / percentages; the essence is to select the largest and smallest slices and provide a description without interpretation. On this page, you will learn the structure of 4 paragraphs, the share language, and the two-pie comparison through a worked-out model. For a complete visual model, also check the IELTS sample questions page.
Altın kural: Overview'da sayı yok, sadece en baskın dilim(ler). Detay paragraflarında seçilmiş yüzdeler + oran dili (a quarter, a third, the majority). İki pasta varsa değişimi de anlat (rose / fell over the period). Sıfır yorum, sıfır sebep.
Golden rule: No numbers in the Overview, only the most dominant slice(s). In the detail paragraphs, selected percentages + ratio language (a quarter, a third, the majority). If there are two pies, also describe the change (rose / fell over the period). Zero interpretation, zero reasons.
Pasta grafiği (pie chart), bir bütünün nasıl paylaşıldığını dilimlerle gösterir. Çubuk grafiğin aksine burada asıl mesele mutlak sayılar değil, oranlar ve yüzdelerdir: her dilim bütünün yüzde kaçını kapladığını anlatır. Görevin, bu dilimleri büyükten küçüğe okuyup tarafsız biçimde betimlemektir; neden büyük ya da küçük olduklarını asla açıklamazsın.
IELTS Task 1'de her görsel tipinde olduğu gibi burada da 4 paragraf kullanırız. Beş paragraf yazma; giriş ile özet birbirine karışır ve puan düşer.
İki pasta durumu: Soru iki yılı (ör. 2005 ve 2020) ya da iki grubu karşılaştıran iki pasta veriyorsa, betimleme mantığı değişmez ama artık değişimi de anlatırsın: hangi dilim büyüdü, hangisi küçüldü, hangisi diğerini geçti. Overview'da tek bir yılın en büyük dilimini değil, iki yıl arasındaki en dikkat çekici değişimi vurgula.
A pie chart (pie chart) shows how a whole is divided into slices. Unlike a bar chart, the main issue here is not absolute numbers, but ratios and percentages: each slice tells what percentage of the whole it represents. Your task is to read these slices from largest to smallest and describe them neutrally; you must never explain why they are large or small.
In IELTS Task 1, as with every visual type, we use 4 paragraphs here. Do not write five paragraphs; the introduction and overview will get mixed up and your score will drop.
Two pie situation: If the question provides two pies comparing two years (e.g., 2005 and 2020) or two groups, the description logic does not change, but now you also describe the change: which slice grew, which shrank, which overtook the other. In the overview, emphasize not just the largest slice of a single year, but the most notable change between the two years.
Aşağıda bu türde gerçek bir IELTS sorusu, görseli ve Band 8+ model cevabı yer alıyor. Model cevap, bu sayfadaki dört-paragraf metodun birebir uygulamasıdır; her paragrafın işlevine dikkat et.
Model cevap (181 kelime)
Below is a real IELTS question of this type, its visual, and a Band 8+ model answer. The model answer is a direct application of the four-paragraph method on this page; pay attention to the function of each paragraph.
Model answer (181 words)
Pasta grafiğinin dili paydan ibarettir. Aynı fikri farklı yapılarla söyleyebilmek (accounted for, made up, the largest share) hem Lexical Resource hem Grammatical Range puanını yükseltir. Ayrıca kesin yüzdeleri yaklaşık ifadelere çevirmek (25% → a quarter) çok daha doğal okunur.
| İşlev | İngilizce kalıp | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| Pay bildirme (fiil) | accounted for / made up / represented | Coffee accounted for 40% of sales. |
| Pay bildirme (isim) | made up a share / proportion of | Tea made up a small proportion of the total. |
| En büyük / en küçük | the largest / smallest share of | Housing formed the largest share of spending. |
| Çoğunluk / azınlık | the majority / a minority of | The majority preferred online shopping. |
| Kesirli yaklaşım | a quarter (25%), a third (33%), half (50%) | Almost a third chose public transport. |
| Yaklaşıklık | just over / just under / roughly / nearly | Just under half of respondents agreed. |
İpucu: Her yüzdeyi tek tek yazma. "a quarter", "the majority" gibi ifadelerle grupla; sadece seçilmiş, dikkat çeken sayıları rakamla ver. 8 dilimin 8'ini de sayıyla dökmek listeye benzer ve Coherence puanını düşürür.
The language of the pie chart is based on shares. Being able to express the same idea with different structures (accounted for, made up, the largest share) raises both Lexical Resource and Grammatical Range scores. Additionally, converting exact percentages into approximate expressions (25% → a quarter) reads much more naturally.
| Function | English phrase | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Reporting share (verb) | accounted for / made up / represented | Coffee accounted for 40% of sales. |
| Reporting share (noun) | made up a share / proportion of | Tea made up a small proportion of the total. |
| Largest / smallest | the largest / smallest share of | Housing formed the largest share of spending. |
| Majority / minority | the majority / a minority of | The majority preferred online shopping. |
| Fractional approach | a quarter (25%), a third (33%), half (50%) | Almost a third chose public transport. |
| Approximation | just over / just under / roughly / nearly | Just under half of respondents agreed. |
Tip: Do not write each percentage individually. Group with expressions like "a quarter", "the majority"; only present selected, notable numbers in figures. Listing all 8 slices with figures reads like a list and reduces your Coherence score.
Görselde iki pasta varsa (genellikle iki farklı yıl), artık iki iş yaparsın: her yılın dilimlerini betimlersin ve yıllar arasındaki değişimi ifade edersin. Çubuk grafikteki artış/azalış fiilleri burada da geçerlidir, ancak öznen bir oran olur.
| İşlev | İngilizce kalıp |
|---|---|
| Zaman çerçevesi | over the period / between 2005 and 2020 / during this time |
| Artış | rose / increased / grew / climbed (to) |
| Azalış | fell / declined / dropped / decreased (to) |
| Geçme / yer değiştirme | overtook / surpassed / replaced X as the largest |
| Değişmezlik | remained stable / stayed the same / was unchanged |
| Değişimin boyutu | a sharp / steady / slight rise; doubled; halved |
İpucu: İki pasta karşılaştırırken "whereas", "while", "by contrast" bağlaçları altın değerindedir: Cars accounted for 20% in 2005, whereas by 2020 this figure had doubled to 40%. Bu tür karşılaştırma cümleleri hem Coherence hem Grammar için yüksek not getirir.
If there are two pies in the visual (usually two different years), you now do two things: describe the slices of each year and express the change between the years. The verbs for increase/decrease from bar charts also apply here, but the subject will be a ratio.
| Function | English phrase |
|---|---|
| Time frame | over the period / between 2005 and 2020 / during this time |
| Increase | rose / increased / grew / climbed (to) |
| Decrease | fell / declined / dropped / decreased (to) |
| Overtaking / shifting | overtook / surpassed / replaced X as the largest |
| Stability | remained stable / stayed the same / was unchanged |
| Magnitude of change | a sharp / steady / slight rise; doubled; halved |
Tip: When comparing two pies, conjunctions like "whereas", "while", "by contrast" are invaluable: Cars accounted for 20% in 2005, whereas by 2020 this figure had doubled to 40%. Such comparative sentences yield high marks for both Coherence and Grammar.
Soru: The two pie charts below show the proportion of household energy consumption by source in a European country in 2000 and 2020. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
| Energy source | 2000 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 45% | 30% |
| Oil | 25% | 15% |
| Coal | 20% | 10% |
| Renewables | 10% | 45% |
Aşağıdaki model 4 paragraf ve yaklaşık 190 kelimedir. Paragraf etiketlerine dikkat et.
Introduction
The two pie charts compare the share of household energy consumption generated by four different sources — gas, oil, coal and renewables — in a European country in the years 2000 and 2020.
Overview
Overall, gas provided the largest share of energy at the start of the period, but by the end renewables had grown to become the dominant source. Meanwhile, all three fossil fuels lost considerable ground over these two decades, marking a clear shift in the country's energy mix.
Detail 1
In 2000, gas dominated the mix, accounting for almost half of all consumption at 45%. Oil and coal followed some way behind, together making up a quarter and a fifth of the total respectively, while renewables represented only a marginal 10% and therefore formed the smallest slice.
Detail 2
By 2020, however, the picture had reversed dramatically. Renewables surged to 45%, overtaking gas to claim the largest share, whereas gas itself fell to 30%. Both oil and coal were roughly halved over the period, dropping to 15% and 10% respectively, which left them as the two smallest contributors to household energy.
Türkçe analiz: Introduction soruyu birebir kopyalamaz; "proportion" yerine "share", "consumption by source" yapısı yeniden dizilmiştir. Overview'da tek bir sayı yoktur — sadece baskın kaynağın gaz'dan renewables'a geçişi ve fosil yakıtların gerilemesi verilir; bu, iki-pasta sorusunun kalbidir. Detay paragraflarında fiil tekrarı yoktur (accounted for, making up, represented, surged, overtaking, fell, halved, dropping), oran dili kesirlerle zenginleştirilmiştir (almost half, a quarter, a fifth) ve değişim "whereas", "however", "by contrast" bağlaçlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Hiçbir yerde neden ("çünkü çevre bilinci arttı") yoktur — Task 1'de yorum puanı düşürür.
Question: The two pie charts below show the proportion of household energy consumption by source in a European country in 2000 and 2020. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
| Energy source | 2000 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Gas | 45% | 30% |
| Oil | 25% | 15% |
| Coal | 20% | 10% |
| Renewables | 10% | 45% |
The following model consists of 4 paragraphs and approximately 190 words. Pay attention to the paragraph labels.
Introduction
The two pie charts compare the share of household energy consumption generated by four different sources — gas, oil, coal and renewables — in a European country in the years 2000 and 2020.
Overview
Overall, gas provided the largest share of energy at the start of the period, but by the end renewables had grown to become the dominant source. Meanwhile, all three fossil fuels lost considerable ground over these two decades, marking a clear shift in the country's energy mix.
Detail 1
In 2000, gas dominated the mix, accounting for almost half of all consumption at 45%. Oil and coal followed some way behind, together making up a quarter and a fifth of the total respectively, while renewables represented only a marginal 10% and therefore formed the smallest slice.
Detail 2
By 2020, however, the picture had reversed dramatically. Renewables surged to 45%, overtaking gas to claim the largest share, whereas gas itself fell to 30%. Both oil and coal were roughly halved over the period, dropping to 15% and 10% respectively, which left them as the two smallest contributors to household energy.
Turkish analysis: The introduction does not copy the question verbatim; the structure has been rearranged from "proportion" to "share" and "consumption by source". In the overview, there is no single number — only the transition of the dominant source from gas to renewables and the decline of fossil fuels is provided; this is the heart of the two-pie question. In the detail paragraphs, there is no repetition of verbs (accounted for, making up, represented, surged, overtaking, fell, halved, dropping), the ratio language is enriched with fractions (almost half, a quarter, a fifth) and the change is compared using conjunctions like "whereas", "however", "by contrast". There are no reasons given anywhere ("because environmental awareness increased") — commentary lowers the score in Task 1.
Bu tuzaklardan kaçın:
Avoid these traps:
Yazmadan önce ve sonra kontrol et:
Görselli, tam biçimlendirilmiş model için IELTS örnek sorular sayfasındaki Task 1 pasta grafiği örneğini incele.
Check before and after writing:
For a fully formatted model with visuals, check the IELTS sample questions page for the pie chart example in Task 1.