Completion sorularında başarı tek cümleyle özetlenir: boşluğu pasajdaki kelimeyle, aynen ve kelime sınırını aşmadan doldur. Bu sayfa bunu adım adım Türkçe anlatıyor.
Success in completion questions can be summed up in one sentence: fill the gap with the word from the passage, exactly and without going over the word limit. This page explains that step by step.
Completion (tamamlama) soru ailesi, IELTS Academic Reading bölümünün en çok puan getiren ama en çok da dikkatsizlikten kaybettiren tipidir. Sentence (cümle), summary (özet), note (not), table (tablo) ve flow-chart (akış şeması) tamamlama olmak üzere beş alt türü vardır ve hepsi aynı çekirdek beceriye dayanır: pasajdaki bilgiyi bulup boşluğa uyan kelimeyi aynen kopyalamak.
Bu tipte cevapların neredeyse tamamı pasajda birebir geçer; senin eş anlamlı kelime üretmen istenmez. Kritik iki kural: kelime sınırı (örn. “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”) ve dilbilgisi uyumu. Bu sayfada beş alt türü, adım adım stratejiyi, sınır + dilbilgisi tablosunu, tam çözümlü bir örneği ve sık tuzakları göreceksin.
The Completion question family is the type in the IELTS Academic Reading section that earns the most marks but also loses the most through carelessness. It has five sub-types — sentence, summary, note, table and flow-chart completion — and they all rest on the same core skill: finding the information in the passage and copying the word that fits the gap exactly.
Almost all answers of this type appear in the passage word for word; you are not asked to produce a synonym of your own. Two critical rules: the word limit (e.g. “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”) and grammatical agreement. On this page you will see the five sub-types, the step-by-step strategy, the limit + grammar table, a fully worked example and common traps.
Completion (tamamlama), boş bırakılmış bir metni pasajdaki bilgiyle doldurduğun soru ailesidir. Beş alt türü vardır ve hepsi aynı temele dayanır: pasajı tarayıp doğru kelimeyi bulmak ve aynen kopyalamak.
Ortak kural. Beş türün de başında bir kelime sınırı talimatı vardır: “NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER”, “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS” ya da “ONE WORD ONLY”. Bu sınır her soru setinde değişebilir — kesinlikle her setin başındaki talimatı yeniden oku.
Önemli fark: kutulu (word-bank) summary dışındaki tüm completion türlerinde cevap pasajda birebir geçer. Kutulu summary’de ise pasajı anlayıp anlamı karşılayan kelimeyi kutudan seçersin; orada eş anlamlı düşünmek gerekir.
Completion is the question family in which you fill a gapped text with information from the passage. It has five sub-types, and they all rest on the same base: scanning the passage, finding the right word and copying it exactly.
Common rule. All five types begin with a word limit instruction: “NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER”, “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS” or “ONE WORD ONLY”. This limit can change in each question set — always re-read the instruction at the start of every set.
An important difference: in every completion type except the word-bank summary, the answer appears in the passage word for word. In the word-bank summary, however, you understand the passage and pick the word that matches the meaning from the box; there you do need to think in synonyms.
Completion soruları aceleye gelir. Aşağıdaki sıra, hem doğru kelimeyi bulmanı hem de kelime sınırı/dilbilgisi hatalarından kaçınmanı sağlar.
Completion questions get rushed. The order below helps you both find the right word and avoid word-limit and grammar mistakes.
Completion’da doğru kelimeyi bulmak yeter miydi? Hayır. Öğrenciler puanlarını en çok kelime sınırını aşarak ve dilbilgisi uyumunu kaçırarak kaybeder. Kelime sayma kuralları:
Aşağıdaki tablo, farklı sınırlarda hangi cevabın geçerli/geçersiz olduğunu gösteriyor (pasajda “...powered entirely by solar energy...” geçtiğini varsayalım):
| Talimat (sınır) | Geçerli cevap | Geçersiz cevap (neden) |
|---|---|---|
| ONE WORD ONLY | solar | solar energy (2 kelime, sınır aşıldı) |
| NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS | solar energy | the solar energy (3 kelime) |
| THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER | solar energy / 40% solar energy | eş anlamlı: sunlight power (pasajda yok, değiştirildi) |
Dilbilgisi uyumu. Boşluk bir fiil bekliyorsa pasajdaki isim halini fiile çevirmen gerekmez — doğru cümleyi bulduğunda uygun biçim zaten oradadır. Örn. boşluk “The cells ________ light into electricity” ise cevap convert (çoğul öznee uyumlu fiil) olur; pasajda “converts” geçse bile özne “cells” çoğul olduğu için dilbilgisi seni “convert” formuna götürmelidir. Bu yüzden cevabı her zaman cümleye koyup oku.
Kutulu (word-bank) summary farklıdır. Burada pasajdan kopyalamazsın; verilen kutudan anlamca doğru kelimeyi seçersin ve kelimeler çoğunlukla paraphrase edilmiştir. Örn. pasajda “reduced sharply” geçerken kutuda “plummeted” bulunabilir. Burada strateji: pasajı anla, sonra kutudaki eş anlamlıyı eşle; dilbilgisi türü (isim/fiil/sıfat) yine boşluğa uymalı.
In completion, is finding the right word enough? No. Students lose most of their marks by going over the word limit and missing grammatical agreement. Word-counting rules:
The table below shows which answer is valid/invalid under different limits (assume the passage contains “...powered entirely by solar energy...”):
| Instruction (limit) | Valid answer | Invalid answer (reason) |
|---|---|---|
| ONE WORD ONLY | solar | solar energy (2 words, limit exceeded) |
| NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS | solar energy | the solar energy (3 words) |
| THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER | solar energy / 40% solar energy | synonym: sunlight power (not in the passage, changed) |
Grammatical agreement. If the gap expects a verb, you do not need to turn the noun form in the passage into a verb — when you find the right sentence the correct form is already there. E.g. if the gap is “The cells ________ light into electricity”, the answer is convert (a verb agreeing with the plural subject); even if the passage says “converts”, because the subject “cells” is plural the grammar should lead you to the “convert” form. That is why you should always put the answer into the sentence and read it.
The word-bank summary is different. Here you do not copy from the passage; you pick the meaning-correct word from the given box, and the words are mostly paraphrased. E.g. where the passage says “reduced sharply”, the box may contain “plummeted”. The strategy here: understand the passage, then match the synonym in the box; the grammatical type (noun/verb/adjective) must still fit the gap.
Aşağıda kısa bir akademik pasaj ve ona bağlı bir summary completion sorusu var. Talimat: “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”. Önce pasajı oku, sonra boşluklu özeti gör, ardından her boşluğun adım adım Türkçe çözümünü incele.
Pasaj.
The Arctic tern undertakes the longest migration of any animal on Earth. Each year, it travels from its breeding grounds in the Arctic to the Antarctic and back, covering roughly 70,000 kilometres. Researchers tracked the birds using tiny geolocators weighing less than two grams, which record light levels to estimate location. The data revealed that terns do not fly in a straight line; instead, they follow a winding route shaped by prevailing winds, which reduces the energy they must expend. Remarkably, the birds pause in the North Atlantic for about a month to feed on plankton before continuing south. Because they experience two summers each year, Arctic terns see more daylight than any other creature.
Özet (boşlukları doldur — NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS).
The Arctic tern has the longest (1) ________ of any animal, flying about 70,000 km yearly. Scientists followed the birds with (2) ________ that weigh under two grams and measure light to work out position. Rather than travelling directly, terns take a (3) ________ route influenced by winds, which lowers the (4) ________ they use. They also stop in the North Atlantic to eat (5) ________ before heading south.
Beş cevap da pasajda birebir geçti, hepsi tek kelime ve dilbilgisi olarak cümleye oturdu. İşte hedeflenen refleks budur.
Below is a short academic passage and a summary completion question based on it. The instruction: “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”. First read the passage, then look at the gapped summary, and then study the step-by-step solution to each gap.
Passage.
The Arctic tern undertakes the longest migration of any animal on Earth. Each year, it travels from its breeding grounds in the Arctic to the Antarctic and back, covering roughly 70,000 kilometres. Researchers tracked the birds using tiny geolocators weighing less than two grams, which record light levels to estimate location. The data revealed that terns do not fly in a straight line; instead, they follow a winding route shaped by prevailing winds, which reduces the energy they must expend. Remarkably, the birds pause in the North Atlantic for about a month to feed on plankton before continuing south. Because they experience two summers each year, Arctic terns see more daylight than any other creature.
Summary (fill the gaps — NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS).
The Arctic tern has the longest (1) ________ of any animal, flying about 70,000 km yearly. Scientists followed the birds with (2) ________ that weigh under two grams and measure light to work out position. Rather than travelling directly, terns take a (3) ________ route influenced by winds, which lowers the (4) ________ they use. They also stop in the North Atlantic to eat (5) ________ before heading south.
All five answers appeared in the passage word for word, all were single words and fitted the sentence grammatically. This is exactly the reflex you are aiming for.
1) Kelime sınırını aşmak. En yaygın hata. “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS” dese de öğrenci “the winding route” gibi 3 kelime yazar ve doğru bilgiyi bulmuş olsa bile puanı kaybeder. Cevabı yazdıktan sonra kelimeleri parmakla say.
2) Kelimeyi değiştirmek / eş anlamlı yazmak. Pasajda “migration” geçerken “journey”, “geolocators” geçerken “trackers” yazmak yanlıştır. Kutulu summary dışında cevap her zaman pasajda geçen kelimedir; kendi kelimeni üretme.
3) Dilbilgisi uyumsuzluğu. Boşluk çoğul isim beklerken tekil (“wind” yerine “winds”), fiil beklerken isim koymak. Cevabı cümleye yerleştirip yüksek sesle okur gibi kontrol et; “akıcı değil” hissi genelde yanlış türü ele verir.
4) Yazım / imla hatası. IELTS’te yanlış yazılan kelime yanlış sayılır — “accommodation”, “environment” gibi kelimelerde harf atlamak sık görülür. Cevabı cevap kağıdına geçirirken pasajdaki yazımla harf harf karşılaştır.
5) Yanlış cümleyi eşleştirmek. Aynı anahtar kelime pasajda birden fazla geçebilir. Sadece bir kelimeye değil, boşluğun etrafındaki tüm anlam öbeğine bak; “reduces the energy” gibi kalıbın tamamını doğrula.
1) Going over the word limit. The most common mistake. Even when it says “NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS”, a student writes 3 words like “the winding route” and loses the mark even though they found the right information. After writing the answer, count the words on your fingers.
2) Changing the word / writing a synonym. Where the passage says “migration”, writing “journey”, or “trackers” for “geolocators”, is wrong. Except in the word-bank summary, the answer is always the word that appears in the passage; do not invent your own word.
3) Grammatical mismatch. Putting a singular where the gap expects a plural noun (“wind” instead of “winds”), or a noun where a verb is expected. Place the answer in the sentence and check it as if reading aloud; a feeling of “not fluent” usually gives away the wrong type.
4) Spelling mistakes. In IELTS a misspelled word is marked wrong — dropping a letter in words like “accommodation”, “environment” is common. When you transfer the answer to the answer sheet, compare it letter by letter with the spelling in the passage.
5) Matching the wrong sentence. The same keyword can appear more than once in the passage. Look not just at one word but at the whole meaning chunk around the gap; verify the entire pattern, such as “reduces the energy”.
Sınavda her completion setinden önce ve sonra bu listeyi zihninden geçir:
In the exam, run through this list in your mind before and after every completion set: