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Ünite 19 · Adjectives & Adverbs · Bölüm 1/6

Grammar: Adjectives & Adverbs

Study the rules, look at the examples, then do the exercises.

Describing the world precisely

Adjectives and adverbs are the words that add colour, detail and feeling to your English. An adjective describes a noun (a quiet street, an old house); an adverb usually describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb (she walked quietly, it was incredibly old). Mixing them up is one of the most common B1 mistakes.

This unit shows you six things: how to order several adjectives, the difference between -ing and -ed adjectives, how to form adverbs, when to choose an adjective or an adverb, how to make comparatives and superlatives, and which intensifiers go with gradable and non-gradable adjectives.

  • It was a lovely little old village.adjective order: opinion → size → age.
  • The trip was tiring, so afterwards I felt tired.-ing describes the thing; -ed describes the feeling.
  • She drove carefully and the view was absolutely stunning.adverb of manner + intensifier with a strong adjective.

1. Order of adjectives (opinion → fact)

When two or more adjectives come before a noun, English puts them in a fixed order. The safe rule: your opinion comes first, then the facts (size, age, shape, colour, origin, material). You rarely need more than three at once, but the order still matters.

OrderTypeExample
1opinion (what you think)a beautiful ... beach
2 → 4size → age → shapea small old round ... table
5 → 7colour → origin → materiala blue Italian silk tie
Key point
  • Opinion before fact: "a lovely (opinion) wooden (material) box" ✓, not "a wooden lovely box" ✗.
  • Full order: opinion – size – age – shape – colour – origin – material – noun. Example: a nice big new car.

2. -ing and -ed adjectives (interesting / interested)

Many adjectives come from verbs and have two forms. The -ing form describes the thing or person that causes a feeling; the -ed form describes how someone feels. This is one of the classic B1 tests.

FormMeaningExample
-ing (bored→boring)the cause of the feelingThe lesson was boring.
-ed (bored)the feeling a person hasThe students were bored.
pairsexciting/excited, tiring/tired, amazing/amazedAn amazing view left us amazed.
The critical difference — learn this pair
  • -ing = the thing: "The film was interesting."
  • -ed = the person: "I was interested in the film."
  • Do NOT swap them: "I was very boring in class" ✗ (this means you were dull!) — say "I was bored".

3. Forming adverbs of manner (how something happens)

An adverb of manner tells you how an action is done. Most are made by adding -ly to an adjective, but spelling changes and some common irregular forms need care.

RuleChangeExample
most adjectives+ -lyquick → quickly, slow → slowly
ending in -y-y → -ilyeasy → easily, happy → happily
irregular / same formno -lygood → well; fast → fast; hard → hard
Watch out
  • good is the adjective, well is the adverb: "a good singer" → "She sings well." (never "sings good" ✗).
  • Some words ending in -ly are adjectives, not adverbs: friendly, lovely, lively, silly. You cannot add another -ly to them.
  • hardly is NOT the adverb of hard; it means "almost not": "I hardly slept."

4. Adjective or adverb? (which one to choose)

Use an adjective to describe a noun, and an adverb to describe a verb. But be careful: after linking verbs like be, seem, look, feel, taste, smell, sound, become, we use an adjective, because it describes the subject, not the action.

SituationUseExample
describes a nounadjectivea careful driver
describes a verb (action)adverbHe drives carefully.
after a linking verbadjectiveThe cake smells delicious (not deliciously).
Quick test
  • Is the word describing a thing? Use an adjective: "a quiet room".
  • Is it describing an action? Use an adverb: "She spoke quietly."
  • After look / feel / taste / seem, keep the adjective: "You look tired" (not "tiredly").

5. Comparatives and superlatives (bigger / the biggest)

Use a comparative to compare two things (with than), and a superlative to pick one out of a group (with the). The form depends on how long the adjective is.

AdjectiveComparativeSuperlative
short (cheap)cheaper thanthe cheapest
long (expensive)more expensive thanthe most expensive
irregulargood → better; bad → worsethe best / the worst
Key point
  • One syllable: add -er / -est (fast → faster → the fastest). Ending in -y: happy → happier → the happiest.
  • Two or more syllables: use more / the most (careful → more careful → the most careful).
  • Adverbs compare too: "She works harder than me and finishes the most quickly." Never write "more better" ✗.

6. Gradable, non-gradable and intensifiers (very / absolutely)

Most adjectives are gradable: they can be a little or a lot (cold, tired, big), so we use very, quite, a bit. Some adjectives are already extreme (non-gradable) — they mean "the maximum" (freezing, exhausted, enormous). With these we use absolutely, completely, totally, not very.

TypeIntensifierExample
gradable (cold, tired)very, quite, a bit, extremelyIt was very cold.
non-gradable (freezing)absolutely, completely, totallyIt was absolutely freezing.
bothreally works with eitherIt was really cold / really freezing.
Quick test
  • Extreme word (exhausted, enormous, amazing)? Use absolutely: "absolutely exhausted" ✓, not "very exhausted" ✗.
  • Ordinary word (tired, big, nice)? Use very: "very tired" ✓, not "absolutely tired" ✗.

7. Common mistakes (✗ / ✓)

These are the errors B1 students make most often with adjectives and adverbs. Most come from confusing an adjective with an adverb, or using the wrong intensifier.

Wrong ✗Right ✓Why?
She sings very good.She sings very well.an adverb describes the verb "sings".
The trip was very tiring, so I was very boring.... so I was very bored.-ed for the feeling; -ing means you were dull.
It was a red big car.It was a big red car.size comes before colour.
This film is more better than that one.This film is better than that one.never use "more" with a comparative.
The room was very enormous.The room was absolutely enormous.enormous is extreme → use absolutely, not very.

8. Putting it together (Model Dialogue)

Two friends talk about a holiday. Read it twice and notice each point — the adjective order, the -ing/-ed pairs, the adverbs of manner, the comparatives and superlatives, and the intensifiers with strong adjectives.

  • — How was your trip? You look tired!adjective after the linking verb "look".
  • — I'm absolutely exhausted, but it was amazing. We stayed in a lovely small mountain village.intensifier + extreme adjective; adjective order.
  • — Was the journey difficult?adjective after "was".
  • — We drove slowly and carefully, and the scenery got more beautiful every hour.adverbs of manner; comparative.
  • — So it was worth it?short follow-up question.
  • — Definitely. It was the most peaceful place I've ever seen, and the food was incredibly good. The whole trip was fascinating, so we came home fascinated.superlative; intensifier + adverb; -ing/-ed pair.
Test yourself
  • Why "you look tired" and not "tiredly"? (After the linking verb "look" we use an adjective.)
  • Why "absolutely exhausted" and not "very exhausted"? (Exhausted is extreme/non-gradable, so we use absolutely.)
  • Put these in order: "village / mountain / small / lovely". (a lovely small mountain village — opinion, size, then the type.)

Exercises (Alıştırmalar)

Choose the correct answer. — 10 questions, each one is marked instantly. Questions get harder as you go.

Ünite 19 · Adjectives & Adverbs · Bölüm 2/6

Speaking: Describing a Memorable Place

Learn the words, then use them — with adjectives and adverbs — to describe a place you love.

stunning (adj)
extremely beautiful or impressive (çarpıcı, göz kamaştırıcı)
Syn: gorgeous · Ant: ordinary
"The view from the top was absolutely stunning."
crowded (adj)
full of people, with little space (kalabalık)
Syn: packed · Ant: empty
"The market was so crowded we could hardly move."
ancient (adj)
very old, from long ago (çok eski, kadim)
Syn: age-old · Ant: modern
"We walked through the ancient stone streets."
peaceful (adj)
calm and quiet, with no noise (huzurlu, sakin)
Syn: calm · Ant: noisy
"It was more peaceful than my noisy city."
exhausted (adj)
extremely tired (an extreme adjective) (bitkin, çok yorgun)
Syn: worn out · Ant: energetic
"After the climb I was absolutely exhausted."
fascinating (adj)
extremely interesting (büyüleyici, çok ilginç)
Syn: gripping · Ant: dull
"The old temple was a fascinating place."
spectacular (adj)
very impressive to look at (muhteşem, göz alıcı)
Syn: breathtaking · Ant: unimpressive
"The sunset over the sea was spectacular."
lively (adj)
full of energy and activity (canlı, hareketli) (−ly ile biten sıfat!)
Syn: energetic · Ant: dull
"The town centre is lively in the evenings."
friendly (adj)
kind and pleasant to people (cana yakın, dost canlısı) (−ly ile biten sıfat!)
Syn: warm · Ant: unfriendly
"The local people were incredibly friendly."
remote (adj)
far away from towns and cities (ücra, uzak)
Syn: isolated · Ant: central
"They live in a remote mountain village."
cheerful (adj)
happy and positive (neşeli, güler yüzlü)
Syn: jolly · Ant: gloomy
"An old man greeted us cheerfully."
gradually (adv)
slowly, little by little (yavaş yavaş, giderek)
Syn: steadily · Ant: suddenly
"The sky gradually turned orange."
carefully (adv)
with great attention and care (dikkatlice)
Syn: cautiously · Ant: carelessly
"We drove carefully along the narrow road."
incredibly (adv)
extremely; used to make an adjective stronger (inanılmaz derecede)
Syn: extremely · Ant: slightly
"The food there was incredibly good."
What was the place like? It was absolutely stunning and much quieter than the busy city.
Describing a place: use adjectives, adverbs, comparatives and intensifiers.

Production Task (Üretim Görevi)

Write 8 sentences describing a memorable place you have visited. Use at least 8 of the words above.

Grammar requirement — apply this unit's topic
  • Use two or more adjectives in the right order at least once (e.g. a lovely little old town).
  • Include at least one -ing / -ed pair (e.g. the trip was tiring, so I felt tired) and two adverbs of manner (e.g. slowly, carefully).
  • Add a comparative or superlative and one intensifier + adjective. (Örn: "It was the most peaceful place I have seen. The view was absolutely stunning.")

Sentence starters (you can begin with these):

"One place I will never forget is ..." "It was a beautiful old ..." "The scenery was absolutely ..." "It was more peaceful than ..." "By the end I felt completely ..."

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will review your task.)

Ünite 19 · Adjectives & Adverbs · Bölüm 3/6

Reading: The Village in the Clouds

Read the text, then answer the questions.

Before You Read (Okumadan Önce)

Good readers prepare before they start. Before you read, think about these three questions (you do not need to write the answers):

  • Think about the most beautiful place you have ever visited. Which three adjectives would you use to describe it?
  • The title is "The Village in the Clouds". What kind of place do you expect — a busy city or a quiet, remote spot?
  • This unit is about adjectives and adverbs. As you read, underline every descriptive word and notice how it is used.
How to read
  • First read: read quickly, without stopping. Get the general idea; you do not need every word.
  • Second read: read the questions, then search the text for the answers. Notice each adjective, adverb, comparative and intensifier.

Words to spot (from the Speaking section): stunning · ancient · peaceful · exhausted · fascinating · remote · gradually · carefully

The village in the clouds: an ancient, remote place with a stunning mountain view.
The Village in the Clouds

Last summer, my sister and I visited the most beautiful place I have ever seen: a small, remote village high in the mountains. The journey there was long and tiring, and by the end I was completely exhausted. However, I was also incredibly excited, because everyone had told us that the view was absolutely stunning.

The whole idea actually came from my best friend, Deniz. A few weeks earlier, she had posted some incredible photos of the village on social media, and I honestly could not stop thinking about them. I begged my parents for days, and eventually they agreed to let us go. The night before we left, I packed my rucksack quickly and rather carelessly, throwing in some warm clothes, a full water bottle and, of course, my phone and its charger. I was absolutely certain that I would take hundreds of amazing pictures to share with my friends back home.

We drove slowly and carefully along a narrow, winding road. Gradually, the noisy modern world disappeared behind us. The air became wonderfully fresh, and the scenery grew more spectacular with every kilometre. Tall green trees covered the hills, and white clouds sat quietly below us, as if the village were floating in the sky.

When we finally arrived, I jumped out of the car eagerly and looked around in complete amazement. Everything felt calm and slightly unfamiliar at the same time. My phone had almost no signal, which seemed strange and even a little annoying at first, but I quickly forgot about it. Instead of scrolling endlessly through my feed, I simply stood still and breathed in the cool, clean mountain air.

The village itself was ancient. Its little stone houses were far older than any building I knew, and the streets were charmingly quiet. At first, the place looked completely empty, and I felt slightly nervous. Soon, though, we discovered that the local people were extremely friendly. An old woman smiled cheerfully and invited us in for tea.

That evening was the best part of the whole trip. We sat outside and watched the sky change gradually from bright gold to deep purple. The food our host cooked was the most delicious I had ever tasted, so we ate slowly, enjoying every bite. It was such a fascinating, peaceful moment that nobody wanted to speak.

The next morning, we explored the village slowly and happily. Some local teenagers were playing football in a small, dusty square, and they cheerfully invited us to join them. I am not a brilliant player, but I ran around enthusiastically and laughed more than I had in months. Afterwards, a friendly boy named Kaan proudly showed us his favourite places: a hidden spring, an old wooden bridge and a huge, ancient tree where the village children loved to climb. He spoke quickly and excitedly, and even though my sister and I did not understand every single word, his warm smile made us feel welcome straight away.

Later that day, we went on a short but surprisingly steep hike to a small waterfall behind the hills. The narrow path was rocky and slightly dangerous, so we walked carefully and helped each other over the biggest stones. The waterfall itself was absolutely magical, and the water was freezing cold. I took dozens of photos on my phone, hoping to post them online later, but honestly the real view was far more beautiful than any screen could ever show. For the first time in ages, I felt completely relaxed and wonderfully free.

In the evenings that followed, we usually stayed outside for hours. Kaan and the other teenagers patiently taught us a simple local game, and we played it noisily until it grew dark. Then, gradually, thousands of bright stars appeared above us. I had never seen so many before, because the city sky at home is always far too bright. We talked quietly about school, music and our dreams, and although we came from completely different places, we became good friends surprisingly fast.

On our last full day, we happily helped the old woman in her small garden. She patiently taught us how to pick fresh vegetables and gently feed her noisy chickens. It was hard, dirty work, but we honestly enjoyed every single minute of it. She also told us fascinating stories about the village and how life there had barely changed for a hundred years. Slowly, I realised that these people lived very simply, yet they seemed far happier and more peaceful than many people I knew back home.

That night, I tried to describe the whole trip in a long message to my friends, but I simply could not find the right words. No photo or short video could truly capture how special this quiet village really felt. So I decided to put my phone away completely and just enjoy my final hours in that magical, unforgettable place.

By the time we left, I felt tired but wonderfully happy. This simple trip was far more memorable than any expensive holiday. It taught me an important lesson: the quietest, simplest places are often the most amazing of all.

A · Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer.

B · True / False (Doğru / Yanlış)

Are these sentences true or false, according to the text?

C · Gap Fill

Complete each sentence with ONE descriptive word (adjective or adverb) from the text. Mind the spelling.

1The journey there was long and , and by the end I was exhausted. Doğru cevap: tiring
2We drove slowly and along the narrow, winding road. Doğru cevap: carefully
3The village itself was ; its stone houses were very old. Doğru cevap: ancient
4Everyone had told us that the view was absolutely . Doğru cevap: stunning
5We watched the sky change from bright gold to deep purple. Doğru cevap: gradually

D · Open-Ended

Write your answer in your own words. These questions are not marked automatically.

1. How did the writer feel at the end of the journey, and why?

Sample Answer"The writer was completely exhausted because the journey was long and tiring, but at the same time incredibly excited about seeing the stunning view."

2. Describe what the village and its people were like.

Sample Answer"The village was ancient and charmingly quiet, with little stone houses. Although it looked completely empty at first, the local people were extremely friendly and welcoming."

3. What lesson did the trip teach the writer?

Sample Answer"It taught the writer that the quietest and simplest places are often the most amazing, and that a simple trip can be far more memorable than an expensive holiday."

E · Describing Word Hunt (Sıfat & Zarf Avı)

Find one example in the text for each type below. (You will use the same kinds of words in the Writing section.) Note them down, then check.

Answers two adjectives in order: "a small, remote village" · "a narrow, winding road" · "little stone houses".
-ing adjective: "The journey there was long and tiring." · "such a fascinating, peaceful moment".
-ed adjective: "by the end I was completely exhausted." · "I was also incredibly excited."
adverb of manner: "We drove slowly and carefully." · "clouds sat quietly below us."
comparative: "the scenery grew more spectacular" · "far older than any building I knew" · "far more memorable than any expensive holiday".
superlative: "the most beautiful place I have ever seen" · "the most delicious I had ever tasted" · "the most amazing of all".
intensifier + adjective: "absolutely stunning" · "completely empty" · "extremely friendly" · "incredibly excited".
Ünite 19 · Adjectives & Adverbs · Bölüm 4/6

Listening: All These Computers!

Sarah and Todd talk about all the computers and phones they own.

You will hear two friends, Sarah and Todd, talking about the many computers and phones they own and why they keep so many. You will listen TWICE. First listen: answer questions 1-5. Second listen: answer questions 6-10. (Kaydı İKİ kez dinleyeceksin: ilk dinlemede 1-5, ikinci dinlemede 6-10.)

Tip
  • Read the questions BEFORE the first listening — know what to listen for.
  • You do not need every word; catch the answer to each question.

1. Dinleme — Questions 1-5 (Choose the correct answer)

Ünite 19 · Adjectives & Adverbs · Bölüm 5/6

Writing: A Place I Will Never Forget

Write and submit your paragraph; your teacher will review it.

Adjectives and adverbs make writing vivid (Descriptive Language)

A description full of the word nice is weak B1 writing. What makes a description come alive is precise adjectives and adverbs. This unit gives you the full toolkit: adjective order, -ing/-ed pairs, adverbs of manner, comparatives and superlatives, and intensifiers. Use them — and remember the golden rule: choose the right word for the right job.

ToolUse it to...Example
adjective orderdescribe a noun (opinion → fact)a lovely little old town
-ing / -edthe cause vs the feelinga tiring walk left me tired
adverb of mannerdescribe how an action happenswe walked slowly and quietly
comparativecompare two things (+ than)it was more peaceful than home
superlativepick one out of a group (the ...)the most beautiful place I know
intensifiermake an adjective strongerabsolutely stunning; very tired

See the difference — the same facts, written two ways:

Flat, vague writing ✗Vivid, precise writing ✓
We went to a nice place. It was old. The view was nice. I was tired. It was good. We visited a lovely ancient village. The spectacular view was absolutely stunning, and although I was exhausted, it was the most peaceful place I have ever seen.
Rule
  • Use a range of descriptive words from this unit. Do not repeat nice / good / very again and again.
  • Remember: -ed for your feeling, -ing for the thing; absolutely for extreme adjectives, very for ordinary ones.

Paragraph structure (Paragraph Structure)

A "memorable place" paragraph has three parts. The skeleton stays the same every time — you change the content, not the structure:

PartWhat to writeExample
1. OpeningName the place in one general sentenceThe most beautiful place I have ever visited is a tiny mountain village.
2. BodyDescribe it with detail. Use adjectives in order, -ing/-ed pairs, adverbs of manner, and comparatives/superlatives.We drove slowly along a narrow road. The ancient stone houses were far older than any I knew, and the view was absolutely stunning.
3. ClosingHow you felt, or why you will remember itI was exhausted but happy; it was the most peaceful place I have ever seen.

Task (Görev)

Write about a place you will never forget. Describe how it looked, how it felt and why it was special, using rich adjectives and adverbs.

WHAT TO INCLUDE

  • an opening sentence that names the place
  • a description with two or more adjectives in the correct order
  • at least one -ing / -ed pair (e.g. tiring / tired, amazing / amazed)
  • at least two adverbs of manner (e.g. slowly, carefully, quietly)
  • a comparative or superlative and one intensifier + adjective (very / absolutely)
  • a closing sentence about how you felt or why you remember it
  • at least 4 words from the Speaking section (stunning, ancient, peaceful, exhausted, fascinating, remote, gradually, carefully...)

EXAMPLE OPENERS

"The most beautiful place I have ever visited is ..." "It was a lovely old ..." "As we arrived slowly, the view was absolutely ..."

Your Paragraph (150-180 words / kelime)

0 kelime

Değerlendirme öğretmenin tarafından yapılacak. (Your teacher will evaluate your writing.)

Sample Answer (~165 words) The most beautiful place I have ever visited is a small, remote village high in the mountains. Getting there was long and tiring, so by the end of the drive I felt completely exhausted.

We travelled slowly and carefully along a narrow, winding road. Gradually, the noisy modern world disappeared, and the scenery became more spectacular with every kilometre. The ancient stone houses were far older than any building I knew, and the streets were charmingly quiet. At first the place looked completely empty, but the local people were incredibly friendly. An old woman greeted us cheerfully and invited us in for tea.

That evening was fascinating. We watched the sky change gradually from bright gold to deep purple, and the food was absolutely delicious. Although I was tired, I felt wonderfully happy. It was the most peaceful place I have ever seen, and far more memorable than any expensive holiday. I will never forget it.
Ünite 19 · Adjectives & Adverbs · Bölüm 6/6

Unit Check (Ünite Kontrolü)

Mixed questions from the whole unit, then check what you can do.

Mixed Quiz (Karışık Test)

14 questions: grammar + vocabulary + reading + listening. Each question is marked instantly.

Can-Do Check (Yapabiliyorum Listesi)

Tick what you can do now. Honest answers help your teacher.

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